Honors Biology Test : Evolution GOOD LUCK! You ve learned so much! Multiple Choice: Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. (2 pts each) 1. As we move through the biological hierarchy from the kingdom to species level, organisms A. vary more and more. B. are less and less related to each other. C. become more similar in appearance. D. always are members of the same order. 2. The organism Malaclemys terrapin is a member of the genus A. Eukarya. B. Animalia. C. Malaclemys. D. terrapin. 3. Kingdoms are divided into phyla, and each phylum is divided into A. families. B. classes. C. orders. D. genera. 4. The lowest hierarchy level in biological classification is the A. genus. B. species. C. family. D. order. 5. class : family :: A. order : phylum B. genus : class C. species : genus D. phylum : order 6. Refer to the illustration. A branching diagram like the one shown is called a A. phenetic tree. B. phylogenetic tree. C. family tree. D. homology. 7. Refer to the illustration. Which are more closely related to the tiger? A. dog B. shark C. salamander D. gorilla 8. The table below shows average human skull measurements and the equivalent measurements of fossil skulls of two different primates, Specimens X and Y. One or both of these primates may be human ancestors. Average Human Specimen X Specimen Y Characteristics Face area (cm 2 ) 16 42 35 Brain surface area (cm 2 ) 48 30 31 Cranial capacity (cm 3 ) 1,200 700 800 Jaw Angle ( º ) 90 35 45 Based on the data in the table, which of the following conclusions is the most reasonable interpretation of the evidence? a. Specimen X is clearly more closely related to modern humans. b. Specimen Y is clearly more closely related to modern humans. c. Specimens X and Y are more like each other than either is like present day humans. d. No conclusion about relatedness can be made from these data. 9. To which of these organisms is the gray wolf (Canis lupus) most closely related? a. Calidris alba b. Anarhichas lupus c. Quercus rubra d. Canis familiaris 10. According to the diagram, during the last 40 million years, the structure of the horse s foot has a. lost its toes because they re now fused b. become smaller c. grown toes d. remained the same size 11. One theory of the extinction of dinosaur species is that a large meteorite impact on Earth caused a major atmospheric change marked by colder temperatures. If this theory is correct, what adaptation of mammals probably allowed them to survive even though dinosaurs became extinct? a. Superior low-light vision b. Consumption of an omnivorous diet c. Ability to bear live young d. Endothermic body metabolism
According to the table, as vertebrate embryos develop a. amphibians and humans develop the same structure b. only mammals develop both limbs and external ears c. reptiles and amphibians grow external ears d. limbs and external ears grow on mammals and birds 12. According to the diagram below, which type of Drosophila probably changed the least over time? a. Drosophila melanogaster b. Drosophila willistoni c. Drosophila equinoxialis equinoxialis d. Drosophila equinoxialis caribbensis 13. The species of finches that Darwin observed differed in the shape of their beaks. According to Darwin, all of these species probably A. had a common ancestor. B. had migrated from Africa. C. had descended from similar birds in Africa. D. ate the same diet. 14. The process by which a population becomes better suited to its environment is known as A. accommodation. B. variation. C. adaptation. D. acclimation. 15. The major idea that Darwin presented in his book The Origin of Species was that A. species change over time and never compete with each other. B. animals change, but plants remain the same over time. C. species may change in small ways but cannot give rise to new species. D. species change over time by natural selection. 16. Refer to the illustration. The bones labeled X can be referred to as A. vestigial structures. B. sequential structures. C. homologous structures. D. fossil structures. 17. Homologous structures in organisms provide evidence that the organisms A. share a common ancestor. B. must have lived at different times. C. have a skeletal structure. D. are now extinct. 18. The beak of a bird and the beak of a giant squid evolved independently and serve the same function. The beaks are A. divergent structures. B. homologous structures. C. analogous structures. D. hybrid structures. 19. Over millions of years, predators and their prey have A. coevolved. B. crossbred. C. become parasites. D. become competitive. 20. The movement of alleles into or out of a population due to immigration or emigration is called A. mutation. B. gene flow. C. nonrandom mating. D. natural selection. 21. The hypothesis that evolution occurs at a slow, constant rate is known as A. gradualism. B. slow motion. C. natural selection. D. adaptation. 22. Which of the following traits would not be useful to the study of the genetic variation in a population of fish? A. the length of the fish B. the color of the fish C. the fin size of the fish D. the diet of the fish 23. When lions prey on a herd of antelopes, some antelopes are killed and some escape. Which part of Darwin s concept of natural selection might be used to describe this situation? a. acquired characteristics b. reproductive isolation c. survival of the fittest d. descent with modification
24. Charles Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment a. diversity. b. fitness. c. adaptation. d. evolution. 25. Use the diagram to the right. In humans, the pelvis and femur (thigh bone), are involved in walking. In whales, the pelvis and femur shown in the figure to the right are not used for walking, but are still present in modern whales skeletons. These bones are a. examples of fossils. b. vestigial structures. c. acquired traits. d. examples of natural variation. 26. The number and location of bones of many fossil vertebrates are similar to those in living vertebrates. Most biologists would probably explain this fact on the basis of a. the needs of the organisms. b. a common ancestor. c. the struggle for existence. d. the inheritance of acquired traits. 27. Which statement is in agreement with Darwin s theory of evolution? a. More offspring are produced than can possibly survive. b. The organisms that are the fittest are always largest and strongest. c. The number of offspring is not related to fitness. d. Acquired characteristics that are inherited are the cause of evolution. 28. Which phrase best defines evolution by natural selection? a. an adaptation of an individual to its environment b. a sudden replacement of one population by another c. changes in a species as it becomes more perfect d. a process of change in a species over time 29. Which of the following statements describe what all members of a population share? a. They are temporally isolated from each other. b. They are geographically isolated from each other. c. They are members of the same species. d. They have identical genes. 30. The combined genetic information (all of the alleles) of all members of a particular population is the population s a. relative frequency. b. phenotype. c. genotype. d. gene pool. 31. If a mutation introduces a new skin color in a lizard population, which factor might determine whether the frequency of the new allele will increase? a. how many frogs are present in the nearby pond b. whether the mutation makes some lizards more fit for their environment than other lizards c. how many phenotypes the population has d. whether the mutation was caused by nature or by human intervention 32. In genetic drift or the founder effect, allele frequencies change because of a. mutations. b. chance. c. natural selection. d. genetic equilibrium. 33. The rare, unlikely situation in which allele frequencies of a population remain constant is called a. evolution. b. genetic drift. c. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. d. natural selection. 34. The separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water is called a. temporal isolation. b. geographic isolation. c. behavioral isolation. d. genetic equilibrium. 35. Although they often live in the same habitat, the American toad breeds earlier in the spring than the Fowler s toad does. What can be inferred from this information? a. The two species do not interbreed because of geographic isolation. b. The two species do not interbreed because of temporal isolation. c. The two species interbreed throughout the spring season. d. The American toad will cause the extinction of the Fowler s toad. 36. A pattern in which species experience long, stable periods interrupted by brief periods of rapid evolutionary change is called a. convergent evolution. b. coevolution. c. adaptive radiation. d. punctuated equilibrium. 37. Species that reproduce have less genetic variability than those that reproduce. a. Sexually; asexually b. asexually; sexually 38. There are domains that currently include all living or extinct organisms. a. Two b. three c. five d. six 39. Which of the following does NOT provide evidence for evolution? a. paleontology b. behavior c. anatomy d. biochemistry
Honors Biology Test: Evolution Multiple Choice (scantron): 2 pts, 80 points total Name Date What s made you HAPPY this week? Show your gratitude! Short Answer: 20 points! Do your BEST!! 40. Please list the 4 main principles of natural selection. (8 pts) 41. Please complete the chart below. (1 pt per box 8 points!) Analogous Structures Define in your own words Homologous Structures Recent common ancestor (Yes or No)? Which type of evolution (name)? Example in real world 42. Using the diagram to the right, which animal shown has jaws, lungs, and claws, but does NOT have feathers or fur? (2 pts) 43. Which animal is most closely related to the pigeon? Please circle the correct answer: (2 pts) Hagfish salamander mouse
KEY: 1. C 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. A 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. A 15. C 16. D 17. C 18. A 19. C 20. A 21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. B 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. D 32. B 33. B 34. C 35. B 36. B 37. D 38. B 39. B 40. B 41-44. Look these up and prepare strong answers!