Inteligentne miasto! rekomendacje dla Polski

From Smart to Cluster City Michel Sudarskis Secretary General INTA International Urban Development Association 2

URBAN CHALLENGE Global Rapid Change in Economy Global Rapid Change in Environment and Climate Global Rapid Change in Socio Cultural 3

GLOBALIZATION vs COMPETITIVENESS Globalisa(on and the shi, towards a knowledge- based economy have had diverse effects on territorial compe66veness. Compe((veness is about the capacity of territories to contribute to the crea6on of economical ac6vi6es, and to a=ract people and capital in a compe66ve environment. 4

NEW URBAN GEOGRAPHY Implica6on for growth sectors Implica6on for smaller places Implica6on for policy Globalisa6on increases compe66on from emerging economies, shi, compara6ve advantages to new territories and towards innova6ve ac6vity & high value knowledge intensive sectors Knowledge sectors benefit from loca6ng in larger ci6es. Important role for smaller places to host specialised clusters or providing lower costs to less intensive knowledge business Economic prospect of places is unstable and uncertain in a global economy. The challenge is to enable places to iden6fy their compe66ve advantage and maximise their poten6al for as long as possible 5

NEW URBAN GEOGRAPHY Winning places are likely to be Losing places will tend to be Well connected territories with high quality land, labour and public services, offering lower produc6on / distribu6on / services costs. Niche places with specialised knowledge clusters, heritage / tourism centre or regional (cross regional) gateway Medium sized places compe6ng with larger territories in sectors were economy of scale ma=ers Areas that witness diversion or lack of investments or public interven6ons Areas with declining - less compe66ve- economic sectors 6

CITY S ATTRACTIVENESS = BE PROFITABLE, CREATIVE AND BALANCED : entrepreneurship, infrastructures mee6ng interna6onal needs, clusters, scien6sts and high- tech equipment, economic leaders : events, innova6on (economic, technology, ar6s6c, urban, culture, sports, architecture, governance : public services (quality, innova6on, use of high- tech, contribu6on to major social and environmental equilibrium), urban planning, public transport systems (quality, frequency, proximity, sustainable use of technology..) 7

INNOVATIVE PLANNING IN RESPONSE TO: break down of urban spaces, hyper-mobility and fluidity of spaces, infrastructure development needed to support these changes, integration of such developments within a new urban fabric, reorganisation of the city to manage the urban transformation, reconcile the hyper-mobility and fluidity of space with the demands for a socially inclusive agenda. 8

SMART CITIES: CHARACTERISTICS, FACTORS, INDICATORS Smart Economy compe((veness Smart People social and human capital Smart Governance par(cipa(on Smart Mobility transport and ICT Smart Environment natural resources Smart Living quality of life 9

Smart Ci6es characteris6cs, factors and indicators Smart Economy - compe((veness Innova(ve spirit Entrepreneurship Economic image and trademark Produc(vity Flexibility of labour market Part of global economic networks Ability to change and transform 10

Smart ci6es characteris6cs, factors and indicators Smart People social and human capital Level of qualifica(on Life long learning Social and ethnic plurality Flexibility Crea(vity Interna(onal openness Par(cipa(on in public life Smart Governance - par(cipa(on Par(cipa(on in decision making Public and social services Transparent governance Coherent poli(cal visions and strategies 11

Smart ci6es characteris6cs, factors and indicators Smart Mobility transport and ICT Local accessibility Inter- na(onal accessibility Ict infrastructure Sustain. Innova(ve, and safe transport system Smart Environment natural resources AKrac(veness of natural environment Degree of pollu(on Environmental protec(on Sustainable resource management Smart Living quality of life Cultural facilil(es Health condi(ons Personal safety Housing quality Educa(onal facili(es Tourism akrac(veness Social cohesion 12

Luxemburg- profile 13

Luxemburg performance in smart people 14

INVESTMENT AND DEVELOPMENT POLICY Coopera(on for Compe((veness From city to clusters BeKer investment climate through coopera(on 15

CHANGE OF ECONOMIC MODEL In the Service economy the product was service, assets were the infrastructure Institutions were the bureaucracies. In the Knowledge economy the product is the process, built on ideas and know-how, the assets are networks of knowledge, the institutions are communities of practice. 16

CLUSTERS AND GLOBALISATION Successful clusters have significantly increased their global reach a=rac6ng people, technology and investments, serving global markets, and connec6ng with other regional clusters that provide complementary ac6vi6es in global value chains. 19

CLUSTERS AND GLOBALISATION Clusters have become increasingly specialised and increasingly connected with other clusters providing complementary ac6vi6es. 21

Japan clusters and development 22

Clusters in Korea 23

Italy - Clusters and regional development 24

CLUSTER OPERATES AT MULTIPLE TERRITORIAL SCALES Local (concentra(on): polariza6on of urban space or controlled expansion, but in all cases, a strategy to structure the space with a flagship. Regional (connec(vity): a cluster is never isolated, but it is in compe66on mostly at regional level Global (accessibility): this point impacts the other two as it defines whether the territory that is a center or "an integrated periphery" 25

AKrac(ve investment with flagship Bilbao Museum The Museum represents only 8% of the total budget allocated for the regenera6on of City 26

The Relevance of Experiences Cluster development: main policy elements 27

WHY DO FIRMS CLUSTER AT ALL? Face- to- face contacts to minimise 6me in transit Cultural proximity as a trust factor Presence of transna6onal companies (TNCs) prominent role played by the state or regional government, and ins6tu6ons 28

CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESS Knowledge spill over Cultural similari6es norms Access to large labour market Access to shared infrastructures Access to local demand Collabora6on between local compe6tors S6mula6on to enhance produc6vity 29

CLUSTERS RISKS AND CHALLENGES Regional and Local authori6es need to put in place suppor6ve to create interac6ons and synergies with the risk that Local Authori6es are unable to support or implement these cri6cal dimensions. 30

a cluster is at the crossroads of strategic urban policy that bears on regional planning, economic innova6on and social change - what places, which ac6vi6es at what 6mes? 31

smart urban infrastructure & services for cohesive development desarrollo inteligente al servicio de una sociedad cohesionada

mail: intainfo@inta-net.org INTA provides its membership the tools to understand and produce a sustainable urban future 33