Ecoregions and land-use seminar / lecture WS 2017 / 18 Dr. 7 Short repetition Minute paper (3 minutes time; write it down) Summarize the conditions in Mediterranean type ecosystems presented last week (climate, nutrients, vegetation, growth period, ) Exchange the work and correct or add aspects 2 http://www.bodentypen.de/tschernosem/ Examples 3 4 The Mediterranean SE Spain (Western Mediterranean) Chaparral in California Fynbos at the Table Mountain, Cape Town, SA Examples moved to final repetition lecture Cistaceae (rock roses) 5 Pinus halepensis (Aleppo Pine) 6 Serotony (above ground seed-bank): cones open primarily after fire Fumana laevipes Cistus albidus Cistus clusii 1
7 8 Mediterranean Pine forest (potentially Macchia), SE Spain, 3 years post fire Number of fires (>=1ha) in Spain 1991-2002 9 % of fires due to lightning 10 High mountain vegetation Sierra Espuna; 1500m a.s.l. 11 Gypsum landscape, Gebas, Murcia 12 Helleborus foetidus (setterwort; Stinkende Nieswurz) 2
13 Gypsum landscape Tabernas (SE-Spain) So-called badlands High rate of endemism Edaphic conditions very unfavorable for plant growth Caralluma europaea Asclepiadaceae 14 Sánchez Gómez et al. 2005. Libro Rojo Universidad Murcia 15 16 Dry farming (traditional land-use) 17 Plastic-tunnel desert - Tomatoes for Germany 18 Olive tree, Olea europaea 3
Detailed contents 11.12.2017 23.10. Introduction; topics for presentations 30.10. Polar subpolar 06.11. Polar (P 1), Boreal 13.11. (P 2a), Temperate midlatitudes (P 5) 20.11. (P 6a, P 6b) Dry midlatitudes 27.11. (P 8) Subtropics with winter rain 04.12. (P 9, P10a) Subtropics with year-round rain (P 11) 11.12. Dry subtropics and tropics (P 11a, P 12) 18.12. Dry subtropics and tropics (P 13, P 14) 19 Presentation Water scarcity in the Mediterranean Wildfires in the US 20 08.1. Tropics with summer rain (P 15, P 16) 15.1. Tropics with year-round rain (P 17a) 22.1. Tropics with year-round rain (P 18, P 19) 29.1. Repetition, Questions 9.2. Exam (Friday 8:30-10h CIV 060, within the Anthrop. Ecosystems Course) Subtropics with year round rain 4 % terrestrial area 21 Transition: 22 Year round precipitation Summer and winter temperatures clearly differentiated Frost may occur (not frequently) Vegetation 23 Land-use 24 Similar to global tertiary flora Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests 2- multiple layered (special case: Pampa: tall grasses) Rich in lianas and epiphytes Rain and Laurel forests Natural vegetation disappeared widely due to intense land-use and urbanization PP N : 15-25 t/ha per year Densely populated and economically highly developed areas Perennial crops like Citrus or Tea Annual warm-loving crops like sorghum, maize, peanuts, rice, soya, sesame, sweet potato, cotton and tobacco 2-3 harvests per year possible Soil leaching as aging is quick due to strong chemical weathering and downwards transport (acidification, kaolinite instead of 2:1 clay minerals prevail) low CEC); low humus content 4
Examples Barataria Preserve, New Orleans, USA Laurel forest on the Canaries 25 Beispiel: Barataria Preserve South of New Orleans, Louisiana, USA Boggy forests 26 27 28 Tillandsia usneoides, (Spanish Moss / Louisiana Moos) Bromeliaceae http://www.nps.gov/jela/ Taxodium distichum, Bald cypress / Sumpfzypresse, Taxodiaceae Distribution in Nord-America Tillandsia usneoides, Bromeliaceae 29 30 http://www.botanik.uni-karlsruhe.de http://www.nps.gov/jela/ 5
http://floradeanaga.blogspot.com/ 11.12.2017 31 Example: Laurel forest, locally on Canary Islands 32 http://www.nps.gov/jela/ Tenerife 33 34 Laurel Forest Vegetation zonation http://www.portal-de-canarias.com/html/natur_teneriffas.html Vegetation zones on Tenerife. Source: Naumann S, 2008: Modellierung der Siedlungsentwicklung auf Tenerife (Kanarische Inseln). Eine fernerkundungsgestützte Analyse zur Bewertung des touristisch induzierten Landnutzungswandels. In: Heidelberger Geographische Arbeiten, 125: 180 pp. 35 36 Laurel Forest (Teneriffa) http://www.floradecanarias.com Ilex canariensis, Canary Laurel, Kanarenlorbeer, Teneriffa http://www.floradecanarias.com 6
Presentation Water scarcity in the Mediterranean Wildfires in the US 37 Urban biodiversity in Megacities 7