Sustainable Li/Na-Ion Batteries Chunsheng Wang 1223C Chemical and Nuclear Engineering Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Email: cswang@umd.edu Phone: (301) 405-0352
Application of Li-ion batteries https://www.google.com/search?q=electric+vehicle&sourc e=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=x&ei=7stvu7kxhrjlsaszqycgba &sqi=2&ved=0cacq_auoag&biw=1366&bih=622 2
Low cost and Sustainable Li/Na-ion batteries Low cost Na-S batteries ACS nano9(2015)3254 ACS Nano, 2014 Adv. Eng. Mat., 2014 Nano Letters, 2011 J. Mater. Chem. A, 2015 ACS Nano 2013 a Expended graphite anodes Porous carbon-p anodes Expended graphite- S cathodes Micro-porous carbon- S/Se cathodes Sustainable organic Li/Na-ion batteries Nano Letter,s 2014 Croconic acid disodium salt J. Power Sources 2014 GO encapsulated Croconic acid disodium salt Nano Energy, 2015 In situ fabrication of DHBQD electrodes
Outline Expanded graphite for Na-ion battery anode S C Composites for Na-ion and Li-ion battery cathode Organic materials for Li/Na-ion Batteries
Tuning the Interlayer Distance of Expended Graphite =Na + =H =C =O a a b b c c Graphite Graphite oxide Expanded Graphite Expanded Graphite after 150 charge/discharge cycles
Layer distance: 0.34 0.61 nm 0.43 nm 0.37 nm Oxygen content and interlayer distance Charge/discharge curves of PG, GO and EG- 1hr and EG-5hr in second cycles at current density of 2mA g -1. 33.8% 1-2% 10% 8% Cycling behavior of PG, GO, EG-1hr and EG-5hr. Percentage of C and O element ratio in GO and EG determined using wide-range XPS spectra Y. Wen, J. Cummings, C. Wang, et al. Nature Communications. 5(2014):4033
Charge/discharge cycling stability 0.013% per cycle TEM Cycling stability of EG-1hr anodes. Filtered TEM Y. Wen, J, Cummings, C. Wang, et al. Nature Communications. 5(2014): 4033 Electro diffraction pattern
Outline Expanded graphite for Na-ion battery anode S C Composites for Na-ion and Li-ion battery cathode Organic materials for Li/Na-ion Batteries
Current Technologies for Li-S Battery X. Ji, Nat. Mater., 2009, 8, 500 C. Liang, Chem. Mater., 2009, 21, 4724 Physically restrain polysulfide dissolution using porous carbon barrier materials Mesoporous silica as intermediate polysulfides absorber through weak bonding Nazar, et al, Nature Communications 2(2011)325 L. A. Archer, et al, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 1 6 H. Wang, Yi Cui, et al Nano Lett., 2011, 11, 4462-4467(2011)
Our Technology Break S 8 molecule into S 4 and S 2 by increasing temperatures Stabilize S 4 and S 2 through physically encapsulating the S 4, S 2 into 5.0 Å porous carbon S 4 S 2 Avoid to form soluble high order polysulfides Temperature S 8 S 6 S 4 S 2 Size 6.8 Å 6.0 Å 5.2 Å 4.0 Å Stability X. Xin et al. JACS 2012, 134, 18510 18513
Intercalation of S into Expanded Graphite interlayer Layer distance: 0.34 0.61 nm 0.43 nm 0.37 nm In-situ Reduction and Intercalation of Graphite Oxides using sulfur 33.8% 10% 8% S loading: 52% Adv. Energy. Mat., 2014
Intercalation of S into Expanded Graphite interlayer In-situ Sulfur Reduction and Intercalation of Graphite Oxides for Li-S Battery Cathodes (c) HRTEM micrographs of RGO/S, (d) and (e) the corresponding EDS maps of C and S in image (c). Adv. Energy. Mat.. 2014
Intercalation of S into Expanded Graphite interlayer In-situ Sulfur Reduction and Intercalation of Graphite Oxides for Li-S Battery Cathodes CS 2 wash Adv. Energy. Mat.. 2014
Outline Expanded graphite for Na-ion battery anode S C Composites for Na-ion and Li-ion battery cathode Organic materials for Li/Na-ion Batteries
Challenges in organic electrodes High solubility in organic electrolyte Pulverization induced by volume change Poor electronic conductivity
Graphene oxide wrapped croconic acid disodium salt Pristine CADS scads GO-CADS Reducing Size Carbon Coating Chao Luo, Yujie Zhu, Yunhua Xu, Yihang Liu, Tao Gao, Jing Wang, Chunsheng Wang J. Power Sources 2014, 250, 372-378.
Specific Capacity (mah/g) Chao Luo, Yujie Zhu, Yunhua Xu, Yihang Liu, Tao Gao, Jing Wang, Chunsheng Wang J. Power Sources 2014, 250, 372-378. GO-CADS Cycle life of CADS electrodes Cycled GO-CADS scads 500 400 pristine CADS scads GO-CADS Cycled scads 300 200 100 Pristine CADS 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Cycle Number Cycled Pristine CA
Croconic Acid Disodium Salt (CADS) CADS micropillar CADS microwire CADS nanowire Minimizing particle size to reduce pulverization CADS nanowire Chao Luo, Ruiming Huang, Ruslan Kevorkyants, Michele Pavanello, Huixin He, Chunsheng Wang Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 1596-1602
Voltage (V) versus Li + /Li Specific Capacity (mah g -1 ) Coulombic Efficiency (%) Cyclic stability of CADS electrodes CADS nanowire 400 100 300 80 200 CADS Nanowire 60 40 CADS microwire 100 20 CADS micropillar CADS microwire 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 3.2 2.8 2.4 Cycle Number CADS micropillar CADS microwire CADS nanowire CADS micropillar 2.0 1.6 CADS microwire 1.2 CADS nanowire 0.8 CADS micropillar 0 50 100 150 200 Specific Capacity (mah g -1 ) Chao Luo, Ruiming Huang, Ruslan Kevorkyants, Michele Pavanello, Huixin He, Chunsheng Wang Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 1596-1602
Acknowledges Group Funding