FRIB Production Target Frederique Pellemoine Visiting Associate Professor
FRIB a DOE-SC National User Facility Enabling Scientists to Make Discoveries Properties of nucleonic matter Classical domain of nuclear science Many-body quantum problem: intellectual overlap to mesoscopic science how to understand the world from simple building blocks Nuclear processes in the universe Energy generation in stars, (explosive) nucleo-synthesis Properties of neutron stars, EOS of asymmetric nuclear matter Tests of fundamental symmetries Effects of symmetry violations are amplified in certain nuclei Societal applications and benefits Bio-medicine, energy, material sciences, national security More details on www.frib.msu.edu INTDS 2010 - F. Pellemoine, 12-17 September 2010, Slide 2
First beam in 2019 INTDS 2010 - F. Pellemoine, 12-17 September 2010, Slide 3
Up to 200 kw in a ~ 0.6-8 g/cm 2 for projectile fragmentation Optics requirements: 1 mm diameter beam spot; max. extension in beam direction ~ 25 mm High reliability lifetime: 2 weeks target Ideally one target concept for all primary beams + fragmentation products Technical Risk: Scope and Technical Requirements Rare isotope beam production with beam power of 400 kw at 200 MeV/u for uranium High power density: ~ 20-60 MW/cm 3 SISSI at GANIL: 5 MW/cm 3 Spiral2 200 kw: ~1 MW/cm 3 Target Quadrupole magnets Beam dump assembly Dipole magnet INTDS 2010 - F. Pellemoine, 12-17 September 2010, Slide 4
High Power Target Technology INTDS 2010 - F. Pellemoine, 12-17 September 2010, Slide 5
FRIB Approach Rotating carbon-based solid target is chosen for the production target solution for FRIB baseline R&D on production target (PI W. Mittig / MSU) A carbon-based target is needed for FRIB for medium mass and light ions; has low technical risk due to reduced power density Applicability for heaviest ions up to uranium (highest power density) needs to be demonstrated Long-term backup for heaviest ion beams if carbon target not suitable» Window-less liquid-lithium production target (not suitable for light beams)» Not part of ongoing R&D (ANL design)» Considered in target facility design, fragment separator design, and hazard analysis ANL concept Splash Shield Windowless Liquid Li Target Loop INTDS 2010 - F. Pellemoine, 12-17 September 2010, Slide 6
Multi-Slice Target Concept Concept: radiation-cooled rotating solid-graphite target Increasing the radiating area by using multi-slice target Evaporation Rate (mm/mois) 1.E+05 1.E+04 1.E+03 1.E+02 1.E+01 1.E+00 1.E-01 1.E-02 1.E-03 1.E-04 1.E-05 1.E-06 Oak Ridge Argonne PSI IBM GANIL Oak Ridge (cible Muon) POCO 1mm 0.1mm 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 T( C) 1950 Maximum allowable temperature T max 1900 C INTDS 2010 - F. Pellemoine, 12-17 September 2010, Slide 7
Number of Slices: P max versus Thickness Power inside the target = 200 kw; C target density (ρ=1.8 g/cm 3 ) Desired maximum extension of target in beam direction ~25 mm Bea m Target thickness mm for 30 % of range Number of slices 1 mm thick Power loss/slice [kw] C 16 16 4.35 Number of slices 0.2 mm thick Power loss/slice [kw] Number of slices 0.1 mm thick Power loss/slice [kw] U 1.68 2 52.3 9 10.38 17 5.17 Target wheel diameter 30 cm 1900 Maximum power deposition per slice: P max = 7 kw for 0.1 mm P max = 10 kw for 0.2 mm P max = 19 kw for 1 mm Values confirmed by Soreq and Sandia experiments 7kW 10 kw 19 kw INTDS 2010 - F. Pellemoine, 12-17 September 2010, Slide 8
Solid High Power Target R&D for FRIB 1. Development of single-slice test-device for 20 kw dissipated power Decoupling the problem : same fraction of power in each slice Information on thermal-mechanical behavior Mechanics tests of ferrofluidic seal transmission, drive train, and vibration studies performed Thermal tests with electron beam Analysis of test results and comparison with thermal simulations Radiation damage assessment 2.Development of multi-slice test-device of 50 kw dissipated power Based on several single-slice targets Test with beam 3. Target prototype design for 200 kw dissipated power INTDS 2010 - F. Pellemoine, 12-17 September 2010, Slide 9
Thermal Behavior of Single SliceTarget e- beam spot M. Avilov Cooling temperature tail T t Calculated temperature changes J. Oliva INTDS 2010 - F. Pellemoine, 12-17 September 2010, Slide 10
Diagnostic of Temperature Monitoring of beam spot on target critical Temperature measurement with thermal camera Requirement: measurement from distance far from high radiation 1 Direct measurement Distance = 0.7 m 1 Measurement through a telescope Distance = 50 m 1 S. Hitchcock, F. Marti, W. Mittig, F. Pellemoine INTDS 2010 - F. Pellemoine, 12-17 September 2010, Slide 11
Thermo-mechanical Calculations SOREQ - Target wheel diameter = 30 cm, thickness = 0.1 and 1 mm, 5000 rpm F. Pellemoine 1mm 0.1mm INTDS 2010 - F. Pellemoine, 12-17 September 2010, Slide 12
Thermo-mechanical Calculations SOREQ - Target wheel diameter = 30 cm, thickness = 1 mm, 5000 rpm σ VM = 47 MPa σ VM = 35 MPa CL 2320 Tensile strenght = 35 MPa Flexural strenght = 56 MPa Compressive strenght = 117MPa σ VM = 38 MPa σ VM = 20 MPa NAC - 678 Tensile strenght = 27 MPa Flexural strenght = 41 MPa Compressive strenght = 91 MPa F. Pellemoine INTDS 2010 - F. Pellemoine, 12-17 September 2010, Slide 13
Electron Beam Tests at Soreq (Israel) Conditions Spot size: ~3 mm FWHM (limited by electron gun) Power: <10 kw at 20 kev (range ~5.4 µm) Targets tested Border thicknesses: 0.1, 1 mm Border width: 15 mm Diameter: 10 cm and 30 cm (10 cm target requires only 25% of power for similar thermal conditions for a 30 cm target) J. Lenz, W. Mittig, F. Pellemoine, Soreq Team J.Oliva, D.Ippel, T.Xu, W. Mittig, F. Pellemoine INTDS 2010 - F. Pellemoine, 12-17 September 2010, Slide 14
Equipment Used at Soreq Thermal paint Pin-hole beam profiling Ф~ 3.5 mm INTDS 2010 - F. Pellemoine, 12-17 September 2010, Slide 15
Thermal Images from Soreq Tests 10 cm / 0.1 mm 4 kw 3000 rpm 30 cm / 0.1 mm 7.5 kw 4000 rpm 10 cm / 1 mm 2 kw - stopped INTDS 2010 - F. Pellemoine, 12-17 September 2010, Slide 16
Electron Beam Tests at Sandia, NM USA Purpose Static target and rotating beam to study deformations of the border (high temperature and rotation) Targets tested Border thicknesses: 0.1, 0.3, 1 mm Diameter: 10 cm Thermal camera MSU - FRIB e- beam Thermal camera - Sandia Pyrometer Sandia Conditions Spot size ~ 2 mm FWHM Power < 20 kw at 22 kev Range ~ 6 µm e- beam F. Pellemoine, W. Mittig, Sandia Team INTDS 2010 - F. Pellemoine, 12-17 September 2010, Slide 17
Observation of Deformations Thermal image Target 0.1 mm at 1200 C (P = 1100 W) Carbone of America Target 0.3 mm at 1200 C (P = 1760 W) Graphitech Target 1 mm at 1200 C (P = 2420 W) GMI Simulation Deformation scaled 50x M. Avilov INTDS 2010 - F. Pellemoine, 12-17 September 2010, Slide 18
Temperature Variation Study Target 10 cm / 1 mm ω = 1 Hz P = 1650 W Estimated T = 780 C Measured T ~ 640 C t = 1 s INTDS 2010 - F. Pellemoine, 12-17 September 2010, Slide 19
Comparison of Sandia Results to Simulation Sandia condition: 10 cm / 0.1 mm target, P max 2.9 kw Corresponds to 7.2 kw for a 30 cm / 0.1 mm target for FRIB beam profile (1 mm diameter) Comparable to FRIB condition for 400 kw U beam: P max = 5.2 kw / slice 1900 C Simulations Experimental data from Sandia F. Pellemoine INTDS 2010 - F. Pellemoine, 12-17 September 2010, Slide 20
Irradiation tests for FFFT @BNL Proton beam @ 142MeV, 1.6μA 0.2 MGy, 2 MGy, 20 MGy 200s 2000s 5 hours (1/2 h) J. Lenz INTDS 2010 - F. Pellemoine, 12-17 September 2010, Slide 21
Irradiation test of Graphite and Annealing at high temperature Caracteristics and properties of C change with the temperature and with the irradiation Tmax of measurement = 1200 C Tirr max = 1500 C FRIB Target will be at 1900 C Neutron irradiation Ion heavy irradiation for FRIB target (1 dpa / month) T.Tanabe, Physica Scripta, Vol. T64, pp 7-16, 1996. 2 possibilities : GSI and Los Alamos GSI, 22-23 October, 238 U, 8.6 MeV/A, pulsed beam (40 Hz 3 ms), 10 10 pps» Irradiation at room temperature and at 1900-2000 C Los Alamos, Au, 10 MeV, 1dpa / h INTDS 2010 - F. Pellemoine, 12-17 September 2010, Slide 22
Summary Rotating graphite target R&D Feasibility of necessary power density levels for FRIB in a single-slice target confirmed Targets show no visible track or failure in beam region (except stopped target and 2 kw beam) Observed deformation larger than expected from first simulations to be studied further Long term mechanical behavior of ferrofluid transmission (35 days at ω > 4000 rpm) In progress Irradiation tests of ferrofluid transmission Irradiation tests of graphite Next: Design 50 kw multi-slice prototype:» Construction of the 50 kw device : completed by 10/21/11» e- beam tests and long duration mechanical tests: completed by 02/08/12 Preliminary design of 200 kw target for FRIB by CD-2 INTDS 2010 - F. Pellemoine, 12-17 September 2010, Slide 23
Thank you for your attention
Figure 37 - Measured and calculated variation of the target temperature vs. the rotation speed of the wheel at SOREQ experiment, for a 10 cm diameter and 1 mm thickness target, P = 1.4 kw. Triangles are experimental data and the lines represent simulation values.