Name: Class: _ Date: _ Geoscience Astronomy Formative on Stellar Evolution and Galaxies Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. What are binary stars? a. stars like the Sun and Jupiter c. pairs of stars held motionless by gravity b. pairs of stars held by gravity d. stars with two magnetic poles 2. What is a light-year? a. the distance light travels in a year c. the time it takes light to travel one parsec b. the speed of light d. the distance from Earth to the Sun 3. Many astronomers believe that black dwarfs a. are hotter than white dwarfs c. are more massive than white dwarfs b. are more dense than white dwarfs d. do not exist yet 4. A rapidly spinning neutron star that emits bursts of radio and optical energy is a a. supernova c. black hole b. red giant d. pulsar 5. Pulsars emanate from a. Black holes c. White dwarfs b. Neutron stars d. Electron degenerate cores 6. The most massive stars will collapse into a. Neutron stars c. White dwarfs b. Black holes d. Brown dwarfs 7. Radio waves leaking into space from Earth have now traveled a distance of approximately a. 10,000,000 miles c. 20 parsec (20 pc) b. 65 light years d. both b and c 8. The H-R diagram was created by a. Harvey and Russel c. Hersmeyer and Rothchild b. Hertzsprung and Russell d. Hershey and Ramseys 9. Stars of which color have the highest surface temperature? a. red c. yellow b. orange d. blue 10. The mass of a star can be determined by studying. a. the wavelength of light emitted by the star b. the color of the star c. the distance between the star and Earth d. binary star systems 11. The measure of a star s brightness is called its. a. magnitude c. intensity b. parallax d. color index 1
Name: 12. If star A is farther from Earth than star B, but both stars have the same absolute magnitude, what is true about their apparent magnitude? a. Both stars have the same apparent magnitude. b. Star A has the greater apparent magnitude. c. Star B has the greater apparent magnitude. d. Apparent magnitude is not related to distance. 13. The difference in the brightness of two stars with the same surface temperature is attributable to their. a. densities c. ages b. colors d. sizes 14. A Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram shows the relationship between. a. absolute magnitude and apparent magnitude b. temperature and absolute magnitude c. parallax and temperature d. apparent magnitude and parallax 15. About 90 percent of stars on the H-R diagram are. a. supergiants c. white dwarfs b. main-sequence stars d. black holes 2
Name: 16. According to Figure 25-1, which main-sequence stars are brightest? a. the smallest c. the hottest b. the coolest d. none of the above 17. Another name for the interstellar matter that will eventually form a star is. a. supernova c. black hole b. red giant d. nebula 18. Which force is most responsible for the formation of a star? a. gravity c. interstellar force b. nuclear force d. electromagnetic force 19. Massive stars terminate in a brilliant explosion called a. a. red giant c. neutron star b. protostar d. supernova 20. All stars, regardless of size, eventually. a. turn into black dwarfs c. run out of fuel and collapse b. explode d. become black holes 21. The sun is a. a. black hole c. main-sequence star b. black dwarf d. red giant 3
Name: 22. What will be the final stage in the sun s life cycle? a. white dwarf c. planetary nebula b. red giant d. black dwarf 23. Our galaxy is called the. a. Local Group c. Andromeda b. Orion d. Milky Way 24. Which of the following is NOT a type of galaxy? a. nebular c. spiral b. irregular d. elliptical 25. Which of the following indicates that the universe is expanding? a. red shift of distant galaxies b. red shift of the galaxies in the Local Group c. blue shift of distant galaxies d. blue shift of the Milky Way 26. According to the big bang theory, the universe began about. a. 4.5 billion years ago c. 49.6 billion years ago b. 13.7 billion years ago d. 130 billion years ago 27. The resistance of a star s core to being squeezed will halt the collase of the core, and the core will become a(n) a. supernova c. red dwarf b. neutron star d. protostar 28. Einstein s equation E=mc2 helps scientists understand the Sun s energy because the equation a. describes nuclear fission c. describes solar flares b. explains how mass can be converted into huge amounts of energy d. explains a star s specific wavelength of light 29. What mechanism is used to determine the distance to very far off galaxies (which would be 9 to 10 billion years away)? a. Parallax c. Super nova comparison b. Red Shift variation d. Light speed variations 30. An expanding universe was first given good evidence by the work of a. Einstein c. Edwin Hubble b. James Webb d. Zwicky 31. Albert Einstein a. embraced the idea of an expanding c. believed the Universe was not changing universe b. believed in a contracting universe d. believed that time closed the Universe 32. A white dwarf star has stopped collapsing because of what? a. Electron degerneration c. Strong force repulsion b. Neutron degeneration d. Dark matter repulsion 4
Geoscience Astronomy Formative on Stellar Evolution and Galaxies Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: B PTS: 1 2. ANS: A PTS: 1 3. ANS: D PTS: 1 4. ANS: D PTS: 1 5. ANS: B PTS: 1 6. ANS: B PTS: 1 7. ANS: D PTS: 1 8. ANS: B PTS: 1 9. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 701 OBJ: 25.1 Describe what astronomers can learn by studying star properties. 10. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 701 OBJ: 25.1 Describe what astronomers can learn by studying star properties. 11. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 703 OBJ: 25.3 List the factors that determine a star s apparent magnitude. 12. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 703 OBJ: 25.3 List the factors that determine a star s apparent magnitude. MSC: analysis 13. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 704 OBJ: 25.3 List the factors that determine a star s apparent magnitude. MSC: analysis 14. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 704 OBJ: 25.4 Describe the relationship shown on a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. MSC: comprehension 15. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 704 OBJ: 25.4 Describe the relationship shown on a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. MSC: comprehension 16. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 704 OBJ: 25.4 Describe the relationship shown on a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. MSC: analysis 17. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 706 OBJ: 25.5 Identify which stage marks the birth of a star. STA: 12.5.4.3 18. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 708 OBJ: 25.5 Identify which stage marks the birth of a star. STA: 12.5.4.3 MSC: evaluation 19. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 711 OBJ: 25.6 Explain why all stars eventually die. STA: 12.5.4.3 1
20. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 710 OBJ: 25.6 Explain why all stars eventually die. STA: 12.5.4.3 21. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 710 OBJ: 25.7 List the stages of the sun s life cycle. STA: 12.5.4.3 22. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 712 OBJ: 25.7 List the stages of the sun s life cycle. STA: 12.5.4.3 23. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 715 OBJ: 25.8 Describe the size and structure of the Milky Way Galaxy. 24. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 717 OBJ: 25.9 List the ways in which galaxies differ from one another. 25. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 719 OBJ: 25.10 Cite the evidence that indicates that the universe is expanding. 26. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 720 OBJ: 25.11 Describe how the universe began according to the big bang theory. STA: 12.5.4.1 27. ANS: B PTS: 1 28. ANS: B PTS: 1 29. ANS: C PTS: 1 30. ANS: C PTS: 1 31. ANS: C PTS: 1 32. ANS: A PTS: 1 2