ROADHEADER IN TUNNELING TODAY S STATE-OF-THE-ART-ROADHEADER

ROADHEADER IN TUNNELING TODAY S STATE-OF-THE-ART-ROADHEADER

SAFETY FIRST Sandvik s objective is zero harm to our people, the environment we work in, our customers and our suppliers. PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT FIRST AID KIT ALARM EMERGENCY NUMBER EMERGENCY EXIT ASSEMBLY POINT

COMPLIANCE COMPLIANCE We ve always been committed to conducting business with high integrity and in a legal and ethical manner. We embrace our corporate responsibility to combat corruption. 3

MECHANICAL TUNNEL EXCAVATION Part face excavation Hard (stable) rock Mechanical Tunnel Excavation Soft (lose) rock Full face excavation 4

TUNNELING SHORT COURSE 2016 CONTENT Selection criteria for Excavation method Parameter on Roadheader Cuttability Current Roadheader technology Roadheader projects 5

SELECTION CRITERIA FOR EXCAVATION METHOD ROCK PROJECT ENVIRONMENT Stability / Fracturing Roadheaders Hard rock TBM s Drill & Blast 6 Excavator Attachments Shield Machines Compressive Strength Mechanical Excavation with Breaker / Splitter

SELECTION CRITERIA FOR EXCAVATION METHOD EXAMPLES ROADHEADER SELECTION Complex geology Free access to the face Ability for partial face excavation Gentle excavation Not sensitive against squeezing rock High cutting performance in soft and medium hard rock (up to 130 m³/nch) 7

SELECTION CRITERIA FOR EXCAVATION METHOD EXAMPLES ROADHEADER SELECTION Flexible system profile, alignment Accurate profiling less over break, less concrete cost Low primary investment Fast mobilization 8

PARAMETER FOR ROADHEADER CUTTABILITY REPRESENTATIVE ROCK SAMPLING Batching Card for Sample Identification 9

PARAMETER FOR ROADHEADER CUTTABILITY UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TESTING Determination of: σ c, E stat, E sec, ε, W f Standard specimen: D = 50 mm ± 10 % H = D ± 10 % Load: F = 10 kn/s D F H 10

PARAMETER FOR ROADHEADER CUTTABILITY BRAZILIAN TENSILE STRENGTH TESTING Determination of: σ t Standard specimen: D = 50 mm ± 10 % H = D/2 ± 10 % Load: F H D F = 10 kn/s 11

PARAMETER FOR ROADHEADER CUTTABILITY CERCHAR ABRASIVITY INDEX (CAI) TESTING Standard Test Pick Hardness: HRC = 54-56 Optional Test Pick Hardness: HRC = 40-42 Steel Type: Silver Steel 115CrV3 (DIN) According to 1.2210 Material Number(DIN EN ISO 4597) 107CrV3 KU in Italy (UNI) F.5125 (120CrV) in Spain (UNE) 11ChF in Russia (GOST) L 2 in USA (AISI) CAI Testing CAI Measuring 12

PARAMETER FOR ROADHEADER CUTTABILITY CERCHAR ABRASIVITY INDEX (CAI) TESTING worn pick after testing 10 mm in 1 second over rough surface Load: F = 70 N CAI = 10 x d [mm] F d Pick wear diameter new pick before testing 10 mm 90. d 13

PARAMETER FOR ROADHEADER CUTTABILITY HOW TO ASSESS NCR FOR INTACT ROCK UCS = 100 MPa UCS:BTS = 8 to15 Normal rock 14

PARAMETER FOR ROADHEADER CUTTABILITY OPERATING LIMITS DEFINED BY NCR Critical range Limited range Technical optimum range of operation Technical limit defined by machine Economical limit defined by operation 15

PARAMETER FOR ROADHEADER CUTTABILITY HOW TO ASSESS SPC Specific Pick Consumption (SPC) for Low Speed Cutting with Transverse Cutterhead and 22 mm TC Diameter Picks of High Quality 10,000 UCS=100 MPa CAI=1.0 Uniaxial Compressive Strength measured on H:D=1:1 specimen with 50 mm diameter @ 10 Specific Pick Consumption [picks/solid m³] 1,000 0,100 0,010 CAI... CERCHAR Abrasivity Index measured on rock s urface of natural roughness (e.g. surface of broken Brazilian Tensile Strength test specimen) using original CERC HAR testing Effective minimum specific pick consumption: 0,005 CAI=0,5 CAI=1,0 CAI=1,3 CAI=1,8 CAI=2,3 CAI=3,0 CAI=4,5 0,001 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 Uniaxial Compressive Strength [MPa] 16

PARAMETER FOR ROADHEADER CUTTABILITY OPERATING LIMITS DEFINED BY SPC Critical range Limited range Technical optimum range of operation 17 Technical limit defined by machine & tools Economical limit defined by operation

PARAMETER FOR ROADHEADER CUTTABILITY INFLUENCE ON ROCK MASS PARAMETERS 18 Sandvik Construction

PARAMETER FOR ROADHEADER CUTTABILITY PRINCIPLES OF ROCK MASS INFLUENCE Strength 0.3 m 0.5 m 0.3 m Block size Conditions Orientation 19

PARAMETER FOR ROADHEADER CUTTABILITY ROCK MASS CUTTABILITY RATING (RMCR) SYSTEM Rating of uniaxial compressive strength Rating of block size Block size [m 3 ] Rating UCS [MPa] Rating > 0,6 20 1-5 15 0,3-0,6 16 5-25 12 0,1-0,3 10 25-50 7 0,06-0,1 8 50-100 4 0,03-0,06 5 100-200 2 0,01-0,03 3 > 200 1 < 0,01 1 Rating of joint conditions Rating of orientation of joint set Surface Aperture Wall/Fill Rating Influence on Rating cuttability rough closed hard, dry 30 very favorable -12 slightly < 1 mm hard, dry 20 favorable -10 rough slightly rough < 1 mm soft, dry 10 fair (and if block size <0,03m 3 ) -5 smooth 1-5 mm soft, damp 5 unfavorable -3 20 very > 5 mm soft, damp 0 very unfavorable 0 smooth to wet

PARAMETER FOR ROADHEADER CUTTABILITY HOW TO ASSESS NCR FOR ROCK MASS Evaluation of Rock Mass Influence on NCR (Low cutting speed - 1.4 m/s) 21 NCR eff / NCR theor 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Erzberg Stillwater Pozzano Premadio Athens Bileca Fresnillo Montreal RMCR = 30 => increase in NCR ~ 60% NCR eff /NCR theor = 45,553RMCR -0,9821 R 2 = 0,9332 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 RMCR

PARAMETER FOR ROADHEADER CUTTABILITY HOW ROCK MASS IMPACT ROADHEADER CUTTABILITY RMCR = 30 Rock mass favorable for cutting can make an uneconomical or critical operation economical!!! Critical range Limited range Technical optimum range of operation 22

PARAMETER FOR ROADHEADER CUTTABILITY ROCK MASS CUTABILITY RATING (RMCR) SYSTEM 23 RMCR RMR rev Influence on cuttability by roadheaders 40-60 no to little influence 25-40 moderate influence 15-25 considerable influence 10-15 high influence < 10 dominating influence

CURRENT ROADHEADER TECHNOLOGY MT720 ROADHEADER WITH ICUTROC TECHNOLOGY MT720 Tunnel Miner Heavy-duty Roadheader for tunneling in hard rock conditions Especially designed for large cross sections Key Technical data Weight: ~135 t Cutter motor power: 300 kw Large cutting area: ~61 m² Fully PLC controlled ICUTROC technology 24

CURRENT ROADHEADER TECHNOLOGY MT720 ROADHEADER WITH ICUTROC TECHNOLOGY Highly efficient stabilized CUTTING SYSTEM 25

CURRENT ROADHEADER TECHNOLOGY MT720 ROADHEADER Different cabin designs (FOPS) Roadheader without cabin Profile monitoring (optional) Guidance system (optional) 26

CURRENT ROADHEADER TECHNOLOGY MT720 ROADHEADER WITH ICUTROC TECHNOLOGY Keeping records with DATALOGGING SYSTEM DRRS Data Recording & Reporting System Control system IPC Ethernet ATM 105 Sandvik supply Customer supply Underground Surface Ethernet 110 240 VAC Benefits 27 Provisions for: 1. Remote Maintenance (not included) 2. Data storage (not included) 3. Online monitoring (not included)

ROADHEADER PROJECTS ROADHEADERS WORKING IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS Project in Sochi for 2014 Olympics 2010 until 2012/13 2 x ATM75 and 2 x MR360 and 1 x MT360 4 x MT520 3 x ATM105 and 1 x AHM105 and 2 x MT720 Projects in Europe 2015/16 1 x MT720 @ Pforzheim, Germany 2013/14 1 x MT720 @ Bormio, Italy 2012/13 1 x MT520 @ Polidano, Malta 2011/12 1 x MT720 @ Markovec Tunnel 1999/2010 7 x MT720 @ Bilbao, Spain Projects in North America 2017/18 2 x MT520 @ Peace River Hydro 2013/16 3 x MT720 @ Ottawa Light Rail 2008/10 3 x MT720 @ East Side Access 2007/08 2 x MT720 @ Devil s Slide 2007/08 1 x MT720 @ Arch 2004/05 1 x MT720 @ Fox River stone 2002/03 2 x MT720 @ Metro Montreal Project in Australia 2009/10 8 x MT720 @ Airport Link Brisbane, Australia 2016/18 24 x MT720 & MT520 @ NorthConnex and WestConnex Sydney, Australia 28

ROADHEADER IN TUNNELING MARKOVEC TUNNEL, SLOVENIA Project data 2,2 km double twin tube road tunnel between Koper and Izola (Slovenian Coastline) Residential area at Koper side with overburden of 10-35m 560m in each tube to be excavated by means of Road-Header Geologic data Flysch dominated by Marl Interbeds of Sandstone and Calcarenite (UCS up to 200 MPa) Area with shallow overburden weak rock predicted Sandstone layer thickness of 2m 29 Source: Alpine Bau GmbH, Austria UNDER CITY Colloquium April, 12-14, 2012 Hotel-Congress center Valamar Lacroma Dubrovnik, Croatia Excavation by means of Road Header at Markovec Road Tunnel

ROADHEADER IN TUNNELING MARKOVEC TUNNEL, SLOVENIA Up to 8 m/d 30

ROADHEADER IN TUNNELING ST. LUCIA TUNNEL BORMIO, ITALY Project data About 1km single tube road tunnel Bypass of Bormio residential area Geological data Quartzitic mica schist Gneiss UCS values between 40 200MPa CAI 2,5 5 31

ROADHEADER IN TUNNELING ST. LUCIA TUNNEL BORMIO, ITALY 32

ROADHEADER IN TUNNELING ST. LUCIA TUNNEL BORMIO, ITALY 30 Net cutting rate UCS 90.0 ~ 4m/day SOLID M³/CUTTER MOTOR HOIOURS 25 20 15 10 5 0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 MPA 33

ROADHEADER IN TUNNELING METRO MONTREAL, CANADA Project data Metro tunnel Length: ~1.8 km Cross section: ~44 m² Geologic data Limestone-shale interbedding, massive crystalline limestone, diabase dikes Average UCS: ~90 MPa Average CAI: ~0.7 Very well bedded rock mass Average NCR: ~39 solid m³/nch Average SPC: ~0.1 picks/solid m³ 34

ROADHEADER IN TUNNELING METRO MONTREAL, CANADA Better advance rate than D&B related to single face operation 35

ROADHEADER IN TUNNELING METRO MONTREAL, CANADA Visible arguments for Roadheader 36

ROADHEADER IN TUNNELING STATION EXCAVATION, EAST SIDE ACCESS Project data Metro station excavation Launch chamber for TBM Additional auxiliary structures Small to large cross sections Geologic data Schist (partly gneissic), pegmatite Average UCS: ~80-95 MPa Average CAI: ~3.7-3.8 Massive to significantly fractured rock mass 37

ROADHEADER IN TUNNELING STATION EXCAVATION, EAST SIDE ACCESS Average NCR: 17,71 solid m 3 /h Average SPC: 1,526 picks/solid m 3 ATM105/046 at New York/USA Net Cutting Rate (NCR) and Specific Pick Consumption (SPC) 30 6,0 5,5 Net Cutting Rate [solid m 3 /h] 25 20 15 10 5 0 16.11.2009 04.02.2010 25.04.2010 14.07.2010 5,0 4,5 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 Specific Pick Consumption [picks/solid m 3 ] 0,5 0,0 Date Daily NCR Cumulative Average NCR Daily SPC Cumulative Average SPC 38

ROADHEADER IN TUNNELING NORTHCONNEX AND WESTCONNEX, AUSTRALIA Connecting M1 at Wahroonga to M2 at West Pennant Extension work on M4 39 Total 21 Sandvik Roadheaders (MT720, MT520)

ROADHEADER MT720 ICUTROC LATEST PROJECT EXPERIENCES - CONCLUSIONS The ICUTROC technology has proven... to be an economic alternative for challenging excavation projects... the ability to deal with harder & sensitive rock condition forming low risk for the Contractor/Owner... high productivity resulting in low excavation cost 40

SANDVIK IN TUNNELING UNDERSTANDING UNDERGROUND 41