The state of MANOS and asteroid.lowell.edu Brian Burt - Lowell Observatory Hotwired 5
LOWELL ASTEROID SERVICES asteroid.lowell.edu Facilitates observations and observational planning Created and managed by Ted Bowell, Bruce Koehn, and Larry Wasserman The foundation for many of the tools is a suite of custom ephemeris and orbit calculation software. High precision ephemerides (based on MPC observations file) with positional error estimates
THE PROBLEM Developed in the 1970s The asteroid population was relatively small Asteroid physical properties were relatively few/centralized The database is a series of flat files The code base is Fortran, IDL and ETA
THE PROBLEM Developed in the 1970s The asteroid population was relatively small Asteroid physical properties were relatively few/centralized The database is a series of flat files The code base is Fortran, IDL and ETA
45 YEARS OF DISCOVERY The asteroid population was small Discovery Main Belt NEO / NEO Planet Discovered ~ 712,000 asteroids in 46 years! Currently 717,768 minor planets! ~ 40,000 this year so far! (10/10/2016) Scott Manley
THE GOALS Technical: Modernize the front and back end Migrate to a relational database Fortran/IDL/ETA code refactor and future development in Python3
THE GOALS Technical: Modernize the front and back end Migrate to a relational database Fortran/IDL/ETA code refactor and future development in Python3 Science: Addition of physical properties to the current catalog of orbital elements
THE GOALS Technical: Modernize the front and back end Migrate to a relational database Fortran/IDL/ETA code refactor and future development in Python3 Science: Addition of physical properties to the current catalog of orbital elements Community Portal: Rapid notification of information Community component for contribution, coordination, and collaboration Open source and free to use
NOVEL PLANNING What are all the S-type, near-earth asteroids, smaller than 5km in diameter, that are observable next Tuesday? Currently, there is no one service that can answer that question.
COMMUNITY PORTAL Facilitate collaboration and rapid dissemination of data. The Community Web Portal Faster, more efficient science. Ask interesting questions.
asteroid.lowell.edu Nick Moskovitz (PI, Lowell) Brian Burt (Lowell) Rob Schottland (Lowell, Kelis Innov.) Larry Wasserman (Lowell) Mark Bailen (USGS Flagstaff) Tools for the community!
The Mission Accessible Near-Earth Object Survey Nick Moskovitz (PI, Lowell) Paul Abel (NASA, JSC) Dan Avner (Lowell) Richard Binzel (MIT) Brian Burt (Lowell) Eric Christnensen (UA) Francesca DeMeo (MIT) Will Grundy (Lowell) Mary Hinkel (NAU) Michael Mommer (NAU) Katheryn Neugent (Lowell) Michael Person (MIT) David Polishook (Weizmann) Henry Roe (Lowell) Rob Schottland (Lowell, Kelis Innov.) Hosea Siu (MIT) Audrey Thirouin (Lowell) Christina Thomas (GSFC) David Trilling (NAU) Larry Wasserman (Lowell) Mark Willman (IfA) Tom Endicott (UMass)
GOALS 1. Observe and measure physical properties of ~ 300 Near Earth Asteroids (NEAs) with less than 100 meter diameter. 2. Rapid follow-up observations: Astrometry Refine orbits Photometry Rotational properties, morphology Spectroscopy Composition, link to meteorites
WHY SMALL NEOS? Mission Targets ( v < 6km/s): Robotic, human exploration, resources (pit stops) Meteorite Parent Bodies: Impact Hazard Assessment Planetary Physics Compositional Diversity
MOTIVATION 15050 NEAs now
MOTIVATION 15050 NEAs now High H magnitude (small) NEAs are H not > 22 well characterized. Galache et. al 2015
MOTIVATION 14982 NEAs now High H magnitude (small) NEOs are not well characterized. H > 22 Galache et. al 2015
~ 40 Nights per semester combined CTIO 1.3m Target of opportunity 40 hours Kitt Peak 4m Scheduled 15 nights SOAR 4m Scheduled 9 nights Gemini N+S 8m Target of Opportunity 45 hours Discovery Channel Telescope 4.5m
DATA PRODUCTS - SPECTROSCOPY NIR Visible
DATA PRODUCTS - PHOTOMETRY ~ 4 minute period
RAPID RESPONSE Galache et al. 2015 Only 10% of NEA are still V<18 10 days after discovery.
RAPID RESPONSE Galache et al. 2015 Galache et al. 2015 Only 10% of NEA are still V<18 10 days after discovery. Only 1% of NEAs will be V<18 in the next year.
INTERRUPT V < 19 AND ( encounter inside 0.001 AU OR v < 4 km/s ) Type 1: One side of encounter - One per semester Type 2: Both sides of encounter - As many as there are Type 3: Impact - As many as there are
2016 RB1 Visual Magnitude 19 Discovery V ~ 19.5 MANOS Unobservable MANOS Upper Limit Sep-4 Sep-5 Sep-6 Sep-7 Sep-8
2016 RB1 Visual Magnitude 19 Discovery V ~ 19.5 MANOS Unobservable Interrupt Request V ~ 18.5 MANOS Upper Limit Sep-4 Sep-5 Sep-6 Sep-7 Sep-8
2016 RB1 3 Day Window Visual Magnitude 19 Discovery V ~ 19.5 MANOS Unobservable Interrupt Request V ~ 18.5 MANOS Upper Limit Sep-4 Sep-5 Sep-6 Sep-7 Observed V ~ 14 Sep-8
2016 RB1 3 Day Window Visual Magnitude 19 Discovery V ~ 19.5 MANOS Unobservable Interrupt Request V ~ 18.5 MANOS Upper Limit Sep-4 Sep-5 Sep-6 Sep-7 Observed V ~ 14 Sep-8
2016 RB1 - RESULTS Rotation Period = 96.1 seconds 3 9 meters Xk-type (metal-rich) To Sun UT Sep 7 11:00 CSSS UT Sep 7 8:00 Lowell DCT Geosynchronous Satellite Ring UT Sep 7 14:00 NASA IRTF UT Sep 7 17:15 Observations & analysis: N. Moskovitz (Lowell), B. Burt (Lowell), T. Burt (Lowell), A. Thirouin (Lowell), D. Polishook (Weizmann), B. Warner (CSSS), V. Reddy (LPL)
2016 RB1 Publically accessible status of MANOS https://manosobs.wordpress.com/
CHARACTERIZATION
RESULTS ~ 600 new characteristics
THANKS
45 YEARS OF DISCOVERY The asteroid population was small Discovered ~ 712,000 asteroids in 46 years! Currently 717,768 minor planets! ~ 40,000 this year so far! (10/4/2016) Discovery Main Belt NEO / NEO Planet Scott Manley
CODE REFACTOR One major component of the former backend Lots of dependency Some pieces will be re-written and some pieces will be wrapped in Python3
INFRASTRUCTURE Then Flat files are good for small, isolated data Modern Tools Fortran, IDL, ETA are not web friendly or database friendly. Now Relational databases all for faster, more flexible, more complex data. Python3 is modern, flexible, and well supported.
COMMUNITY PORTAL Facilitate collaboration and rapid dissemination of data. I got a spectrum of this asteroid last night. Hey guys. I get a visible spectrum tomorrow night! Getting a light curve now! Community Portal
OBSERVATION PLAN
DATA PRODUCTS - ASTROMETRY DATA SOAR: Goodman CTIO 1.3m: ANDICAM Kitt Peak 4m: MOSAIC Pipeline Fully automated ~0.05 residuals MPC Uploads
2016 RB1 Discovery (V ~ 19.5) UT Sep. 5 Interrupt Request UT Sep. 6 Observing Window 3 Days Observed (V ~ 13) V ~ 21 UT Sep. 7 UT Sep. 8