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< 0.05 θ = 1.96 = 1.64 = 1.66 = 0.96 = 0.82

Geographical distribution of English tweets (gender-induced data) Proportion of gendered tweets in English, May 2016 1 Contexts of the Present Research 70 2 Data Collection and Processing 0.158 0.201 Data Collection 0.045 Gender Disambiguation 0.042 0.264 PoS Tagging Proportion 0.131 0.131 65 3 Analysis Language Profile 0.131 0.131 0.131 0.131 0.0 0.131 0.113 0.069 0.038 0.131 0.1 0.145 0.2 0.3 0.228 Correlation of Grammatical Features and Gender 0.053 0.114 0.178 0.116 0.166 0.131 Principal Components Analysis 0.106 0.129 0.167 0.182 60 0.156 0.365 0.29 0.222 0.208 4 Summary and Conclusion 0.07 0.05 0.0750.201 0.287 0.366 0.1 0.093 20 10 0 10 0.113 0.085 0.4 0.5 0.171 0.167 0.084 0.081 0.089 0.264 0.056 0.129 0.053 0.134 0.097 0.388 0.29 0.2880.165 0.226 0.347 0.324 0.129 0.286 0.373 0.243 0.141 0.42 55 0.165 0.042 0.077 0.094 0.122 0.0570.061 0.102 0.151 0.223 0.153 0.091 0.102 0.156 Feature Dispersion 0.059 0.168 20 30 I Many tweets from Denmark and Norway are in English - from rural Sweden, Finland or Iceland less so (Iceland values averaged across all provinces) 16.9.27 Coats Grammar and Gender Nordic Twitter English 11/32

T test statistic 2 0 2 4 p value = 0.05 p value = 0.05 Feature more male Feature more female '' LRB RRB,. : CC CD DT HT IN JJ JJR JJS MD NN NNP NNS PRP PRP$ RB RP TO UH USR VB VBD VBG VBN VBP VBZ WDT WP WRB Feature

Proportion of all users 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 females males female male Mean = 5.4 6.95 Median = 3.07 5.71 Std. dev = 7.35 7.71 t test p value = 0 Cohen's d = 0.2 ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff m 0 5 10 15 20 Percent period Proportion of all users 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 females males female male Mean = 4.4 4.94 Median = 3.45 4.35 Std. dev = 5.18 5.32 ffffffffff t test p value = 0.002 fffffffffffffffffffffffffffff Cohen's d = 0.1 fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff fm 0 5 10 15 20 Percent determiner Proportion of all users 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 females males female male Mean = 6.61 7.17 Median = 6.25 6.93 Std. dev = 6.17 6.35 t test p value = 0.007 Cohen's d = 0.09 f mf 0 5 10 15 20 Percent preposition Proportion of all users 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 females males female male Mean = 12.32 13.78 Median = 6.67 8 Std. dev = 16.51 16.61 t test p value = 0.009 Cohen's d = 0.09 mmmm fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff m 0 5 10 15 20 Percent proper noun Proportion of all users 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 females males female male Mean = 5.83 4.28 m mmm Median = 3.85 2.05 m Std. dev = 7.52 5.77 t test p value = 0 Cohen's d = 0.24 fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff m 0 5 10 15 20 Percent personal pronoun Proportion of all users 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 m mmmm females males mmmmmm m mm m f fffffff f mm female male m Mean = 3.81 3.25 fffff mm Median = 0 0 mf mmmm fff Std. dev = 6.02 5.09 t test p value = 0.004 f Cohen's d = 0.1 fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff m 0 5 10 15 20 Percent adverb Proportion of all users 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 mm mmm females m mm males m m m m m female male m Mean = 7.16 4.84 mm Median = 1.65 0 Std. dev = 12.72 9.7 f ffffffffffffff m mmm t test p value = 0 f Cohen's d = 0.21 m mmmmmmmmmmmmm fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff m Proportion of all users 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 females males female male Mean = 6.97 8.24 Median = 1.13 3.85 Std. dev = 11.15 12.31 t test p value = 0.001 Cohen's d = 0.11 mmmm mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff m Proportion of all users 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 mf f f m ff females m mf males ff m m mf m m ff female male mm Mean = 2.6 1.92 f m fff Median = 0 0 mm Std. dev = 4.68 3.69 f t test p value = 0 Cohen's d = 0.17 fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff fm 0 5 10 15 20 Percent interjection 0 5 10 15 20 Percent username 0 5 10 15 20 Percent verb, non 3rd person singular present

2 PCA of Gendered Subcorpora, Components 1 and 2 no.m PC2, Proportion of Variance = 11.91 % 1 0 1 fi.m sv.m da.m da.f fi.f sv.f no.f is.m is.f 1 0 1 PC1, Proportion of Variance = 58.92 %

0.04 0.02 no.f is.f sv.f fi.f PC1 0.00 0.02 da.f da.m no.m sv.m fi.m 0.04 is.m 40 50 60 70 Frequency per 1000 tokens Period (.?!)

0.04 0.02 no.f fi.f is.f sv.f PC1 0.00 0.02 da.f sv.m da.m no.m fi.m 0.04 is.m 10 20 30 Frequency per 1000 tokens Number

0.04 0.02 no.f is.f sv.f fi.f PC1 0.00 0.02 sv.m no.m da.f da.m fi.m 0.04 is.m 70 80 90 100 110 Frequency per 1000 tokens Proper noun

0.04 0.02 fi.f sv.f no.f is.f PC1 0.00 0.02 no.m da.m sv.m da.f fi.m 0.04 is.m 50 60 70 80 90 Frequency per 1000 tokens Personal pronoun

0.04 0.02 fi.f no.f is.f sv.f PC1 0.00 0.02 da.m no.m sv.m da.f fi.m 0.04 is.m 9 12 15 18 21 Frequency per 1000 tokens Possessive pronoun

0.04 0.02 is.f no.f sv.f fi.f PC1 0.00 0.02 no.m da.f da.msv.m fi.m 0.04 is.m 35 40 45 50 Frequency per 1000 tokens Adverb

0.04 0.02 is.f fi.f no.f sv.f PC1 0.00 0.02 sv.m da.m no.m da.f fi.m 0.04 is.m 30 40 50 Frequency per 1000 tokens Interjection

0.04 0.02 sv.f fi.f no.f is.f PC1 0.00 0.02 da.m sv.m no.m da.f fi.m 0.04 is.m 35 40 45 Frequency per 1000 tokens Verb, base form

0.04 0.02 no.f is.f sv.f fi.f PC1 0.00 0.02 da.f da.m no.m sv.m fi.m 0.04 is.m 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 Frequency per 1000 tokens Verb, past participle

0.04 0.02 fi.f is.f sv.f no.f PC1 0.00 0.02 da.m no.m sv.m da.f fi.m 0.04 is.m 20 25 30 35 Frequency per 1000 tokens Verb, non 3rd person singular present

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