BEAMED ENERGY PROPULSION Fourth International Symposium on Beamed Energy Propulsion Nara Japan 15-18 November 2005 EDITORS Kimiya Komurasaki The University of Tokyo Chiba Japan Takashi Yabe Shigeaki Uchida Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo, Japan Akihiro Sasoh Tohoku University Sendai, Japan SPONSORING ORGANIZATIONS The Commemorative Organization for the Japan World Exposition (70) Entropia Laser Initiative (Tokyo Institute of Technology) Institute for Laser Technology AIP 75 Years of Service Melville, New York, 2006 AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS VOLUME 830
CONTENTS Preface Committees Award xi xiii xv PLENARY SESSION Performance Characteristics of Laser Propulsion Engine Operating both in CW and in Repetitively-Pulsed Modes 3 Y. A. Rezunkov, A. L. Safronov, A. A. Ageichik, M. S. Egorov, V. V. Stepanov, V. S. Rachuk, V. Y. Guterman, A. V. Ivanov, S. G. Rebrov, and A. N. Golikov New Trends on Solid State Lasers 14 K. Yoshida, T. Yabe, S. Uchida, A. Ikesue, and T. Kamimura An Overview of Entropia Laser Initiative 21 T. Yabe, S. Uchida, K. Yoshida, K. Ikuta, and T. Okamoto FLUID DYNAMICS IN AIR-BREATHIG LASER PROPULSION Effects of Nozzle Structure on Laser Thruster Performance 33 C. Cui, Y. Hong, M. Wen, J. Wang, and G. He Pulsed Laser Propulsion Performance of 11-cm Parabolic 'Bell' Engines: CO2 TEA vs. EDL 38 K. Mori, A. Sasoh, and L. N. Myrabo Experimental Investigations of Laser Propulsion by Using Gas-Dynamic Laser 48 V. S. Rachuk, V. Y. Guterman, A. V. Ivanov, S. G. Rebrov, A. N. Golikov, ' N. B. Ponomarev, and Y. A. Rezunkov \ Analytical Investigation of an Airbreathing, Repetitively Pulsed LSC-Wave Thruster: Part 1 58 L. N. Myrabo, C. A. Borkowski, and D. A. Kaminski Analytical Investigation of an Airbreathing, Repetitively Pulsed LSC-Wave Thruster: Part 2 72 C. A. Borkowski, D. A. Kaminski, and L. N. Myrabo Experimental Investigation for 100-Joule-class TEA CO 2 Laser and Gas Interaction... 81 Z. Dou, H. Yao, J. Wang, M. Wen, P. Wang, J. Yang, and C. Li Numerical Simulation for Laser Propulsion of Air Breathing Mode Considering Moving Boundaries and Multi-Pulses 87 P. Gong and Z. Tang Micro Supersonic Air-Breathing Laser-Spike Engine Propulsion 95 Y.-T. Kim, S. Kim, and I.-S. Jeung
Experimental Study of the Momentum Coupling Coefficient with the Pulse Frequency and Ambient Pressure for Air-Breathing Laser Propulsion 104 Z. Tang, J. Cai, P. Gong, X. Hu, R. Tan, Z. Zheng, J. Wu, and Y. Lu Experimental Study on Laser Propulsion of Air-breathing Mode 114 R. Tan, Y. Zheng, C. Ke, D. Wang, K. Zhang, G. Zheng, C. Wan, S. Liu, J. Wu, and Y. Yu Thrust Generating Mechanism of Nozzle Powered by Single Laser Pulse 121 Q. Li, Y. Hong, J. She, Z. Cao, and J. Wang LASER SUPPORTED DETONATION AND ENERGY DEPOSITION Energy Conversion Process in Laser Supported Detonation Waves Induced by a Line-Focusing Laser 133 M. Ushio, K. Kawamura, K. Komurasaki, H. Katsurayama, H. Koizumi, and Y. Arakawa Numerical Analysis on Non-Equilibrium Mechanism of Laser-Supported Detonation Wave Using Multiply-Charged Ionization 142 H. Shiraishi Mixing and Reaction Enhancement Characteristics of Laser-Induced Plasmas and Detonations in Laser-Augmented Scramjets 151 J. Negishi, H. Horisawa, and I. Kimura Experimental Analysis of Heat Flux to a Blunt Body in Hypersonic Flow with Upstream Laser Energy Deposition-Preliminary Results 163 1.1. Salvador, M. A. S. Minucci, P. G. P. Toro, A. C. Oliveira, J. B. Channes, Jr., L. N. Myrabo, and H. T. Nagamatsu LASER IN-TUBE THRUSTER Physical Processes of the Interaction Between Laser-Generated Plasma and Blast Wave Appearing in Laser-Driven in-tube Accelerator Configuration 175 A. Sasoh, K. Mori, T. Ohtani, N. Ohnishi, Y. Ogino, and K. Sawada Impulse Characteristics of Laser-driven in-tube Accelerator (LITA) 179 T. Ohtani, K. Mori, and A. Sasoh Blast Wave Formation by Laser-Sustained Nonequilibrium Plasma in the Laser-Driven in-tube Accelerator Operation. 183 Y. Ogino, N. Ohnishi, A. Sasoh, and K. Sawada Numerical Simulation of Laser-Driven in-tube Accelerator Operation 191 N. Ohnishi, Y. Ogino, K. Sawada, T. Ohtani, K. Mori, and A. Sasoh VI
ABLATIVE PROPULSION AND MICROTHRUSTERS Plasma Diagnostics of a Forward Laser Plasma Accelerated Thruster 201 M. Izumi, H. Horisawa, A. Takeda, and I. Kimura Electromagnetic Acceleration Characteristics of Laser-electric Hybrid Thrusters ;r 213 K. Sasaki, A. Takeda, H. Horisawa, and I. Kimura Performance Test Results for the Laser-powered Microthruster 224 C. R. Phipps, J. R. Luke, W. Helgeson, and R. Johnson A ns-pulse Laser Microthruster 235 C. R. Phipps, J. R. Luke, W. Helgeson, and R. Johnson Laser-Driven Mini-Thrusters 247 E. Sterling, J. Lin, J. Sinko, L. Kodgis, S. Porter, A. V. Pakhomov, C. W. Larson, and F. B. Mead, Jr. An Experimental and Conceptual Investigation of Laser Micro Propulsion 259 J. Cai, X. Hu, and Z. Tang High Velocity Particle Cloud Generation by Pulse Laser Ablation of Ground Glass Surface 268 K. Nagayama, Y. Kotuska, M. Nakahara, and S. Kubota CO 2 Laser Absorption in Ablation Plasmas 272 H.-A. Eckel, J. Tegel, W. O. Schall. Performance Characteristics of Low-Power Laser Ablative Thrusters for Small Satellites 284 H. Maesato, E. Koizumi, and H. Tahara LIQUID PROPELLANT Experimental Study on Continuous Liquid Propellant Supply Mechanisms for Water Cannon Laser Thruster 297 M. Onda and T. Ootani :> Ablation of Liquids for Laser Propulsion with TEA CO 2 Laser 308 J. Sinko, L. Kodgis, S. Porter, E. Sterling, J. Lin, A. V. Pakhomov, C. W. Larson, and F. B. Mead, Jr. Primary Experimental Study on Liquid Ablatant for Laser Propulsion 319 X. Li, Y. Hong, J. Chen, J. Wang, and G. He MICROWAVE AND ION BEAM PROPULSION Single Port Electro-thermal Propulsion Design Factors 329 D. G. Johansen Pressure History Measurement in a Microwave Beaming Thruster 341 Y. Oda, M. Ushio, K. Komurasaki, K. Takahashi, A. Kasugai, and K. Sakamoto vii
Performance and Controllability of Pulsed Ion Beam Ablation Propulsion, 349 M. Yazawa, C. Buttapeng, H. Suematsu, W. Jiang, K. Yatsui, and N. Harada A Compact Nuclear Fusion Reactor for Space Flights 359 A. F. Nastoyashchiy Fluxes of Fast Multi-Charged Ions for Producing Jet Propulsion 366 A. F. Nastoyashchiy Hydrodynamic Efficiency of Ablation Propulsion with Pulsed Ion Beam 372 C. Buttapeng, M. Yazawa, N. Harada, H. Suematsu, W. Jiang, and K. Yatsui POWER SOURCES Oscillation Property of Disk-type Nd/Cr:YAG Ceramic Lasers with Quasi-solar Pumping 383 T. Saiki, K. Imasaki, S. Motokoshi, C. Yamanaka, S. Uchida, H. Fujita, M. Nakatsuka, and Y. Izawa A Comparison of Laser and Microwave Approaches to CW Beamed Energy Launch 388 J. T. Kare and K. L. G. Parkin Potential Use of CW High Energy Laser on an Airborne Platform 400 J. R. Cook, S. J. Cusumano, and M. R. Whiteley Metal Matrix Superconductor Composites for SMES-Driven, Ultra High Power BEP Applications: Part 1 411 D. A. Gross and L. N. Myrabo Metal Matrix Superconductor Composites for SMES-Driven, Ultra High Power BEP Applications: Part 2 425 D. A. Gross and L. N. Myrabo ENTROPIA LASER INITIATIVE Experimental Study of Solar Pumped Laser for Magnesium-Hydrogen Energy Cycle 439 S. Uchida, T. Yabe, Y. Sato, K. Yoshida, A. Ikesue, T. Ohkubo, A. Mabuchi, Y. Ogata, K. Nakagawa, A. Ohyama, N. Onodera, T. Ohishi, Y. Ohtaka, Y. Yamada, and S. Ito MgO Deoxidization by Focused Laser Pulse for a New Energy Cycle 447 T. Yabe, K. Ikuta, C. Baasandash, R. Katano, S. Uchida, M. Tsuji, Y. Mori, J. Maehara, M. S. Mahmoud, and T. Toya Anti-Refractive and Waterproof Hard Coating for High Power Laser Optical Elements 457 M. Murahara, T. Yabe, S. Uchida, K. Yoshida, and Y. Okamoto viii
MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND FACILITIES Development of a New Hypersonic Shock Tunnel Facility to Investigate Electromagnetic Energy Addition for Flow Control and Basic Supersonic Combustion 469 P. G.P. Toro, M. A. S. Minucci, J. B. Chanes, Jr., A. L. Pereira, and H. T. Nagamatsu Development of Surface Junction Thermocouples for High Enthalpy Measurements 481 1.1. Salvador, M. A. S. Minucci, P. G. P. Toro, A. C. Oliveira, and J. B. Channes, Jr. A Low-Noise Thrust Stand for Microthrusters with 25nN Resolution 492 C. R. Phipps, J. R. Luke, W. Helgeson, and R. Johnson Time-Resolved Force Measurement Over Laser-Ablated Materials 500 K. Mori, K. Anju, and A. Sasoh Schlieren Visualization Technique Applied to the Study of Laser-Induced Breakdown in Low Density Hypersonic Flow 504 A. C. Oliveira, M. A. S. Minucci, P. G. P. Toro, J. B. Chanes, Jr., 1.1. Salvador, L. N. Myrabo, and H. T. Nagamatsu SYSTEMS AND MISSIONS Lightcraft and Laser Beam Mutual Orientation and Motion Control System using Quaternions 513 Y. M. Baturin Trajectory Simulations, Qualitative Analyses and Parametric Studies of a Laser- Launched Micro-Satellite Using OTIS 522 S. D. Knecht, F. B. Mead, M. M. Micci, and C. W. Larson An Overview of the Experimental 50-cm Laser Ramjet (X-50LR) Program 534 F. B. Mead, Jr., C. W. Larson, and S. D. Knecht Remote Control of Laser-Driven Micro-Vehicles 553 T. Okita, K. Hoshino, and I. Kajiwara Earth-to-Orbit Laser Launch Simulation for the Lightcraft Technology Demonstrator 564 J. C. Richard, C. Morales, W. L. Smith, and L. N. Myrabo Laser Propulsion for ESA Missions: Ground to Orbit Launch Project Overview Part 1 576 D. P. Resendes, S. Mota, J. T. Mendonc,a, B. Sanders, J. Encarnacio, J. A. Gonzalez del Amo, and L. N. Myrabo NEW CONCEPTS Nuclear Development of Laser Propelled "Semi-Perpetual" Rotary Machine 591 M. M. Gualini, S. A. Khan, and K. Zulfiqar ix
Nuclear Waste Disposal in Space: BEP's Best Hope? 600 J. Coopersmith Sending a Probe to Alpha Centauri on a Voyage of Five to Ten Years 605 D. Junker and W. D. Hobbs, Jr. LIGHTCRAFT Comparison of Ablation Performance in Laser Lightcraft and Standardized Mini-Thruster 615 S. D. Knecht, C. W. Larson, and F. B. Mead Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Effects of Laser Pulse Waveform on Lightcraft Performance 628 M. Wen, Y. Hong, Z. Cao, J. Wang, and C. Cui Analysis of Charge Cloud Geometries for Ion Propulsion of Microwave Lightcraft 637 L. Salasoo, J. P. Moder, L. N. Myrabo, and J. K. Nelson Microwave Power Beaming Infrastructure for Manned Lightcraft Operations 651 L. N. Myrabo Author Index 663