GIS Best Practices GIS for Petroleum February 2007
Table of Contents What Is GIS? 1 GIS for Petroleum 3 OMV Grows Its Enterprise GIS 5 Predicting Impact of Hurricanes on Oil and Gas Production in the Gulf of Mexico 11 Protecting Archaeological Resources During an Oil Spill in Washington State 17 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Explores the Advantages of Enterprise GIS 21 Venezuelan Petroleum Company Uses GIS to Visualize Operational Surface Facilities Online 29 i
What Is GIS? Making decisions based on geography is basic to human thinking. Where shall we go, what will it be like, and what shall we do when we get there are applied to the simple event of going to the store or to the major event of launching a bathysphere into the ocean's depths. By understanding geography and people's relationship to location, we can make informed decisions about the way we live on our planet. A geographic information system (GIS) is a technological tool for comprehending geography and making intelligent decisions. GIS organizes geographic data so that a person reading a map can select data necessary for a specifi c project or task. A thematic map has a table of contents that allows the reader to add layers of information to a basemap of real-world locations. For example, a social analyst might use the basemap of Eugene, Oregon, and select datasets from the U.S. Census Bureau to add data layers to a map that shows residents' education levels, ages, and employment status. With an ability to combine a variety of datasets in an infi nite number of ways, GIS is a useful tool for nearly every fi eld of knowledge from archaeology to zoology. A good GIS program is able to process geographic data from a variety of sources and integrate it into a map project. Many countries have an abundance of geographic data for analysis, and governments often make GIS datasets publicly available. Map fi le databases often come included with GIS packages; others can be obtained from both commercial vendors and government agencies. Some data is gathered in the fi eld by global positioning units that attach a location coordinate (latitude and longitude) to a feature such as a pump station. GIS maps are interactive. On the computer screen, map users can scan a GIS map in any direction, zoom in or out, and change the nature of the information contained in the map. They can choose whether to see the roads, how many roads to see, and how roads should be depicted. Then they can select what other items they wish to view alongside these roads such as storm drains, gas lines, rare plants, or hospitals. Some GIS programs are designed to perform sophisticated calculations for tracking storms or predicting erosion patterns. GIS applications can be embedded into common activities such as verifying an address. From routinely performing work-related tasks to scientifi cally exploring the complexities of our world, GIS gives people the geographic advantage to become more productive, more aware, and more responsive citizens of planet Earth. GIS BEST PRACTICES 1 WWW.ESRI.COM/PETROLEUM
GIS for Petroleum Discovering new sources of petroleum ahead of the competition is one of the key ways to stay successful in the petroleum industry. A GIS can help you evaluate the potential for oil in promising locations. Exploration often requires analysis of satellite imagery, digital aerial photomosaics, seismic surveys, surface geology studies, subsurface and cross section interpretations and images, well locations, and existing infrastructure information. A GIS can relate these data elements to the location in question in map form and allow you to overlay, view, and manipulate the data to analyze and understand its potential. GIS technology today allows you to manage the spatial components of these everyday petroleum "business objects," such as leases, wells, pipelines, environmental concerns, facilities, and retail outlets, in the corporate database and apply appropriate geographic analysis effi ciently across the enterprise. GIS BEST PRACTICES 3 WWW.ESRI.COM/PETROLEUM
OMV Grows Its Enterprise GIS OMV, central and eastern Europe's leading oil and gas company, is putting its ESRI multinational enterprise agreement to work. Known for its innovative approach to business in the oil and gas industry, OMV, headquartered in Vienna, Austria, has begun implementing an ESRI-based enterprise geographic information system (GIS) solution in its worldwide offi ces. Its GIS applications focus on exploration and production (E&P). Its ArcGIS enterprise license is extending GIS benefi ts throughout the company by creating analysis tools, reducing data redundancy, allowing easy access to data in different applications, and improving the overall E&P workfl ow. OMV has E&P activities in 17 countries and puts GIS to work on a multitude of tasks. Major technological improvements to integrate geographic information inside a database management system give GIS the capacity to store, retrieve, analyze, and visualize spatial data and link this data with additional nongeographic information derived from common databases in a fast and effi cient way. Further, vendors for specifi c E&P applications have realized the outstanding mapping, querying, and analysis capabilities of ArcGIS. They are providing more and more ArcGIS interfaces in their applications for data exchange tools or customized tasks. Dr. Achim Kamelger, who is innovation projects lead in the Knowledge Management Group and responsible for the planning and implementation of enterprise GIS within the E&P division, believes that GIS is an important and powerful technology for data management because it improves data quality and decreases redundancy. Kamelger says, "Data management, performed well, is about making information available to the right people at the right time in the right place. GIS is one of the most effective tools for this job." GIS BEST PRACTICES 5 WWW.ESRI.COM/PETROLEUM
Integrating ArcGIS and the corporate database provides multiple departments with the ability to research and analyze project sites and well information and see the geography of any company asset. For example, deciding where to drill a well, fi nding possible collisions in a complex well path, and determining how to route a pipeline are all tasks that rely heavily on an understanding of the environment. It can be diffi cult to manage the data. The global nature of the petroleum industry, the increasingly large amount and variety of data to handle, and the complexity of processes involved in discovering new sources of petroleum are challenges met by ArcGIS. By FEBRUARY 2007 6 GIS FOR PETROLEUM
linking all information together, GIS becomes an indispensable assistant for decision making. OMV managers and engineers in the E&P division use ArcGIS 9.1 software to produce maps for geological fi eld studies, seismic survey planning, and production overview for management and to generate reports of these maps for government authorities. Data comes from a variety of sources including the corporate data repositories from OMV headquarters, its branch offi ces, and third parties such as IHS Energy. The corporate data integrated into GIS from OMV's corporate databases contains contract areas, blocks, wells, and well-related information such as well formation tops and deviations. GIS is used to create seismic navigation maps that include links to metadata describing seismic traces and processing parameters. Additional data stores include satellite images, orthophotos, digital elevation models (DEM), and information from the production database. An essential component of OMV's enterprise system is ArcSDE, which is used to access the corporate multiuser geographic database and serve spatial data to the company's ArcGIS Desktop users and Internet clients through ArcIMS. It organizes data into feature classes and relates these features to nonspatial data. The use of an enterprise spatial database concept eliminates redundancies of data repositories and guarantees the delivery of actual and consistent thematic maps at any point in time, which can be shared across the enterprise on the Web using an Internet mapping service. OMV's Knowledge Management Group includes specialists in geology and geophysics applications, data management, and information systems. The group has initiated a long-term working program with several projects. Its goal is to provide data, information, and knowledge via world-class applications to various E&P disciplines and users anywhere and anytime. This work program is strongly supported by Mike Fischer, senior vice president of exploration, projects, and operations within OMV E&P. The petroleum business requires the handling and analysis of different types of data, which can be subdivided into unstructured data such as reports inside a document management system, structured data in databases, and spatial data available from E&P applications and the GIS. In the past, these data types were not linked properly. The target of the ongoing projects is to combine this data in a comprehensive way. Because ArcGIS Desktop software has become so popular at OMV, the company decided to develop a connected enterprise GIS to extend its capabilities and leverage the corporate database. An enterprise GIS is a multidepartmental GIS BEST PRACTICES 7 WWW.ESRI.COM/PETROLEUM
system composed of interoperable components. It integrates GIS with the company's other information technologies. For this work program, OMV E&P is moving its corporate database into the Public Petroleum Data Model and plans to implement scripts to automatically extract concession maps, seismic coordinates, well data, and production charts from the database to spatially enable this data. Seismic maps on GIS-enabled Web site provide OMV with 2D and 3D views. ArcIMS viewer is used to quickly access E&P data on the Internet and create maps useful for planning. FEBRUARY 2007 8 GIS FOR PETROLEUM
Furthermore, OMV is working toward integrating its ArcGIS with the electronic document management system (edms). This allows staff to leverage the document database and take full advantage of GIS capabilities. GIS Technologies, Inc. (GTI), is developing an interface between edms and GIS. OMV employees can then query documents to display maps or query maps to display documents. This application will be up and running by mid-2006. OMV has launched a prototype for a GIS-enabled Internet system built with ArcIMS, which provides basic GIS functionality and access to the geodatabase and information system integration throughout its E&P division. Engineers and other corporate managers working in OMV's regional offi ces and other remote locations can connect to the Internet and view essential data online, interact with maps using basic GIS functionality, and perform limited editing operations. By using WebOffi ce developed by SynerGIS Informationssysteme GmbH, the Austrian ESRI distributor, ArcIMS becomes more fl exible in terms of querying, visualizing, security, and editing. This prototype will have further developments in 2006. With this enhanced functionality, OMV staff can pan and zoom through map layers and identify, locate, and query their spatial attribute data. They can also buffer a selected set of features, view their attributes, and perform easy editing tasks through the Web browser. Kamelger explains, "This Web-based functionality allows company representatives to sit with local authorities and, in a meeting, bring up a map, draw a polygon around a planned well, and ask if this is acceptable to them. Specifi c maps can be accessed to demonstrate areas of concern such as environmental protection areas. The defi ned workfl ow makes it possible to edit data offl ine in the fi eld and migrate changes automatically to the corporate database after being connected again within the offi ce." The next steps in the OMV GIS strategy will be the improvement of data interoperability with E&P applications such as Schlumberger's GeoFrame, Landmark's OpenWorks, and PetroSys Mapping. Visit the OMV Web site at www.omv.com. Learn about GTI solutions at www.gistech.com. Learn about Schlumberger information solutions at www.sis.slb.com. Learn about Landmark at www.lgc.com. Learn about PetroSys at www.petrosys.com. (Reprinted from the Spring 2006 issue of Petroleum GIS Perspectives newsletter) GIS BEST PRACTICES 9 WWW.ESRI.COM/PETROLEUM
Predicting Impact of Hurricanes on Oil and Gas Production in the Gulf of Mexico Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) signifi cantly lowered production of oil and gas in 2004 and 2005. The Minerals Management Service (MMS) reports that the combined impact of Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma resulted in a cumulative shut-in oil production of 105,889,263 barrels of oil for the period August 26 to December 22, 2005, which is equivalent to approximately 19 percent of the Gulf of Mexico's yearly oil production. Hurricanes Katrina and Rita destroyed 111 structures and set 19 rigs adrift. During the crisis, a new GIS analysis application was put to the test. Earth Science Associates (ESA) provided risk analysis to its customers and MMS for Hurricanes Katrina and Rita's impact on the oil and gas industry. To do so, it relied on GIS software to incorporate a vast amount of data from a variety of resources including the federal programs National Weather Service (NWS) that provides hurricane path and intensity projections and MMS, a bureau of the United States that provides oil and gas facilities data. This is vital information for comprehensive risk analysis and recovery operations planning. Linking the MMS database with ESA's database, which contains data about pipeline networks and 50,000 wells in the Gulf Coast, creates a comprehensive resource for generating correlations and overlays used in hurricane risk assessment. ESA's current two dozen clients produce most of the oil and gas in the Gulf of Mexico. GIS spatially represented projected hurricane corridors and at-risk assets to help clients brace for the impending hurricane disasters. GIS BEST PRACTICES 11 WWW.ESRI.COM/PETROLEUM
Oil platforms in purple and petroleum refi neries in green are displayed in conjunction with data about hurricane winds forecast. ESA is a consulting service that provides resource assessment and risk analysis to petroleum and gas companies. Its main product GOM 3, called "GOM cubed," is built on ESRI's ArcGIS software and includes a toolbar designed specifi cally for the petroleum, gas, and pipeline industry. To produce hurricane risk analysis, ESA accessed providers' databases and feeds the information into ArcGIS 9 to produce risk maps. During the whirl of activity in anticipating and FEBRUARY 2007 12 GIS FOR PETROLEUM
plotting the hurricanes' courses, ESA staff members rushed to upload NWS data into GOM 3. It generated analysis products, including tables, maps, and charts, and delivered them to clients and services via the Internet in PDF format. ESA is now working to create a more stable Internet interface to better access these data sources and will have these automated schemes in place when the next hurricane season arrives in June 2006. GOM 3 is a fl exible and powerful GIS that contains three output components used for analyzing the oil and gas resources of the Gulf of Mexico. One component is a 2D GIS based on ArcGIS software. The user clicks a fi eld with a hot link tool to access data about the well's owner, top performance, completion date, cumulative oil, cumulative gas, and so forth. The interface also displays chart histories for the well's annual and monthly production of oil, gas, water, and barrel of oil equivalent (BOE). In addition, a report shows in-depth identifi cation engineering and cumulative production data. Another component is a 3D feature that offers a full perspective of wells drilled, seismic data, and so forth. The GIS toolbar makes it easy for the user to view operating and existing fi eld data such as the geologic age of rocks. Both 2D and 3D outputs are useful for performing analyses and creating reports. The fi nal component of GOM 3 is a Web server built on Internet map server software ArcIMS. It is a simple, user-friendly browser available to subscribers, offering access to information and maps. During the storms, ESA used GOM 3 to prepare two maps that showed the potential impact on oil and gas production and operators. Using the recent annual production data and intersecting the locations of the fi elds with the predicted track of the storm, the application identifi es productive capacity at most immediate risk from the storm's impact and the operators most likely to be hit. Two 30- and 60-mile buffers were placed around each hurricane's path to show the bands where winds could be expected in the more than 100 mph and 60 100 mph ranges. The data layer shows the path's intersection with Gulf of Mexico fi elds, highlighting impact potential for both gas and oil operations. Dot density maps represent each fi eld's 2004 production. The storm analysis does not include predictions of pipelines or refi nery capacity affected by the storm. The analysis reports generated by GOM 3 for Hurricane Katrina indicated that the largest operator within 30 to 60 miles of the storm's predicted track was Shell. Hurricane Rita's analysis report indicated that, based on 2004 production, wells operated by Shell and Chevron were likely to be among the most severely affected. Compared to Hurricane Katrina, Hurricane Rita had a proportionately larger impact on gas production. Rita also had a much broader impact across operators. During Hurricane Katrina, 85 percent of the capacity within 50 miles of the GIS BEST PRACTICES 13 WWW.ESRI.COM/PETROLEUM
storm was operated by the top 10 companies exposed to the projected path; during Hurricane Rita, the top 10 companies exposed accounted for 54 percent of capacity at risk. ESA will soon be adding data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to include wave height in the analysis. It is also working with NWS, NOAA, MMS, and other data sources to improve data exchange that produces fast analysis when it is needed. The capacity of ArcGIS software to manage large amounts of data from a variety of sources makes it possible to perform large-scale analysis for more than hurricane assessment. ESA offers key industry sources of information and analysis for all phases of exploration and production. This will aid in the recovery of production in 2006 because of assessments leading to new well discoveries and support of continued operations planning. FEBRUARY 2007 14 GIS FOR PETROLEUM
2004 Oil Production in Relationship to Hurricane Katrina Path. (Reprinted from the Spring 2006 issue of Petroleum GIS Perspectives newsletter) GIS BEST PRACTICES 15 WWW.ESRI.COM/PETROLEUM
Protecting Archaeological Resources During an Oil Spill in Washington State Using GIS to Ensure Effective Communication and Protection There are 29 federally recognized tribes resident in Washington State, as well as a rich history of cultural sites located along coastal shorelines and rivers. Therefore, any oil spill has the potential to damage and contaminate archaeological sites associated with these areas. During an emergency response to such an oil spill, an effective response requires accurate information and clear communications. To meet this criteria, the Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP) and its GIS consultant, GeoEngineers, Inc., have created a GIS application that provides the Oil Spill Incident Command Structure current data on archaeological site locations during an oil spill. This application was developed for the Washington State Department of Ecology Oil Spill Response Program and includes contact information for notifying concerned tribal government cultural staff. This Oil Spill Tribal Contact tool provides quick and easy access to current tribal contact names for geographic regions. GIS BEST PRACTICES 17 WWW.ESRI.COM/PETROLEUM
Base GIS layer incorporating oil spill geographic response plan and watershed areas with tribal contact areas. During a recent spill event, the ecology responders were able to quickly identify the tribes of concern by using the application. By clicking on a map at the location of an oil spill, a list of federally recognized tribes was generated on the fl y through an associated database. Dr. Allyson Brooks, State Historic Preservation offi cer and director of DAHP, states, "Our ability to protect these unique and special places in Washington is directly related to the speed with which we can get information to the tribes and other decision makers and fi rst responders on the scene. By providing current data in spatial and tabular format, GIS helps us accomplish that mission." FEBRUARY 2007 18 GIS FOR PETROLEUM
DAHP uses a combination of ArcView and ArcInfo for digitizing and maintaining archaeology site locations. As part of DAHP's GIS initiative, more than 19,000 archaeological sites have been mapped in GIS and attributed with information regarding site type (e.g., burials, petroglyphs). Each site is mapped within a geodatabase and linked to a scanned image of the original documentation regarding the discovery of the site. This data is available to DAHP staff via a customized ArcGIS Desktop interface. It is not subject to public disclosure; however, data sharing is possible with governmental agencies through memorandums of understanding. In this way, DAHP is able to share this information with the Washington Department of Ecology for protection of these valuable resources during oil spill events. With funding from the state's Coastal Protection Fund and the assistance of the Tribal Historic Preservation Offi ces and cultural staff of the 29 tribes, DAHP created a series of specifi c GIS layers for each tribal government refl ecting its geographic area of interest, its reservation lands, and watersheds for which each tribe's cultural department wanted notifi cation when a spill occurred. GIS BEST PRACTICES 19 WWW.ESRI.COM/PETROLEUM
An example of the tribal contact information presentation. In many parts of the state, multiple tribes require notifi cation. Also along the Columbia and Snake rivers, tribes now resident in Oregon and Idaho have an interest and require notifi cation. The GIS application has a database table identifying any archaeological site potentially at risk and the specifi c cultural staff contact with phone number, an after-hours emergency number, and details on any staff who have hazmat training. These screens were created for ease of use during an emergency and allow for quick printing of contact sheets. Also, since names and phone numbers frequently change, the table was created to allow for ease of updating. (Reprinted from the Spring 2006 issue of ArcNews magazine) FEBRUARY 2007 20 GIS FOR PETROLEUM
Saudi Arabian Oil Company Explores the Advantages of Enterprise GIS Developing Innovative GIS Solutions for More Than a Decade The Saudi Arabian Oil Company (Saudi Aramco) is the state-owned oil company of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It ranks fi rst among oil companies worldwide in terms of crude oil production and exports and is among the leading producers of natural gas. Saudi Arabia is the holder of the world's largest oil reserves one-quarter at more than 259 billion barrels. Saudi Aramco is a fully integrated oil company with operations in exploration, production, refi ning, marketing, and international shipping. In conjunction with its operations the company manages a colossal network of assets that includes wells, pipelines, plants and buildings, roads, utility networks, jet aircraft, and supertankers. Saudi Aramco also runs joint venture refi ning and sales operations in North America, Europe, and Asia. GIS BEST PRACTICES 21 WWW.ESRI.COM/PETROLEUM
Saudi Aramco manages a colossal network of assets that includes wells, pipelines, plants and buildings, roads, utility networks, jet aircraft, and supertankers. More than 50,000 employees perform a spectrum of jobs ranging from exploration geologists and geophysicists to engineers, project managers, environmental scientists, and deep desert surveyors. All of these jobs rely on technical information that is geographically based. Virtually all of Saudi Aramco's activities on land, air, and sea can be mapped to a physical location and analyzed in a GIS. Recognizing this, the Information Technology Division of Saudi Aramco has been developing innovative ESRI software-based GIS solutions for more than a decade. FEBRUARY 2007 22 GIS FOR PETROLEUM
These systems support the company's diverse mission and include Surveying and Exploration ArcGIS Desktop (ArcEditor) is used extensively to plan seismic surveying missions, monitor the performance of contractor crews, and analyze geophysical data collected during the surveys. Engineering A custom Mapping Wizard lets staff access a wealth of spatial data from the Oracle ArcSDE repository and quickly create publication-quality maps, without needing to know anything about GIS technology or cartography. Customized ArcGIS applications are used to support well site planning, wellhead maintenance, and other engineering functions. ArcPad software-based solutions are also being developed to support fi eld-based navigation and data capture. Saudi Aramco oil tanker. Logistics The company's existing telecommunications infrastructure is being leveraged to dispatch and track the movement of company cars, heavy trucks, and ocean-going supertankers. Knowing the precise location of vehicles and vessels is essential for the timely delivery of goods and services. It also provides a lifeline for staff driving in remote desert locations. Planning ArcEditor is used to digitize the location of all new facilities, and the resultant information is reviewed online by planners and engineers using dynamic ArcIMS maps. ArcIMS has been integrated with a Web-based document management system to enhance decision making and reduce the project review time frame. GIS BEST PRACTICES 23 WWW.ESRI.COM/PETROLEUM
Transportation ArcGIS Desktop has been integrated with a third party road and pavement maintenance system, enabling transport engineers to visually assess road conditions over a large geographic area and forecast road works based on local traffi c volumes. Such spatial insights are impossible to gain without GIS. Utilities/Asset Management Major projects are underway to convert the company's power, wastewater, and telecommunication networks from a legacy AM/FM system to the third party solutions ArcFM and Network Engineer from ESRI Business Partners Miner & Miner (Fort Collins, Colorado) and Telcordia (Morristown, New Jersey), respectively. This utility data is crucial for planning engineering works and will form an important pillar within the enterprise GIS. Interdepartmental data sharing agreements are helping to maximize the value of the company's spatial data holdings. Safety and Emergency Response Along with the vehicle and vessel tracking system, a Web-based gas leak emergency response system has been developed. This system reads live gas sensor readings and real-time weather information within the company's plants and graphically overlays this with important GIS layers such as digital aerial photos, buildings, roads, hospital locations, airports, and rescue facilities. Using dynamic maps, emergency responders gain a clear, shared picture of the emergency and its potential impact on people and facilities. FEBRUARY 2007 24 GIS FOR PETROLEUM
The emergency response system predicts the track of a gas leak. Knowledge Sharing An online mapping portal has been released on the company's Intranet. Developed in Java, the ArcIMS site enables staff to easily locate company facilities, dynamically generate routes and driving instructions, and share annotated maps with colleagues via e-mail. Land Management Saudi Aramco relies heavily on GIS to manage land use permitting processes, research land claims, and monitor illegal encroachment within the company's GIS BEST PRACTICES 25 WWW.ESRI.COM/PETROLEUM
thousands of square kilometers of concession area. The feasibility of using satellite imagery to automatically detect and map land use changes over time is currently being investigated. Saudi Aramco hardware infrastructure is confi gured to be fault tolerant with a load balancing option enabled solely to ensure 24/7 availability with optimal performance of these mission critical applications. All corporate GIS data is stored in an Oracle9 database running ArcSDE 8.3 on a UNIX clustered server. ArcIMS is used to serve Web-based image maps across the company. The foundation for a true enterprise GIS is now in place. Looking ahead, major GIS initiatives for 2004 include the ability to Integrate GIS with the enterprise SAP repository for deeper analysis and improved management reporting. FEBRUARY 2007 26 GIS FOR PETROLEUM
Integrate GIS with the company's SCADA systems to provide a real-time view of the company's operations from well site production to refi ning and sales. Implement ArcPad and mobile GIS devices to gain effi ciencies in the fi eld and improve the GIS database. Further consolidate and standardize the company's spatial data assets. Promote the benefi ts of GIS technology across the company. (Reprinted from the Spring 2004 issue of ArcNews magazine) GIS BEST PRACTICES 27 WWW.ESRI.COM/PETROLEUM
Venezuelan Petroleum Company Uses GIS to Visualize Operational Surface Facilities Online By Alfonzo Leon, PDVSA; Carlos Bolaños, PDVSA; Juanita Perez, Schlumberger; and Rodrigo Lazo, Schlumberger Petróleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA) is an energy company owned by the Venezuelan state with operating and commercial activities within and outside Venezuela. Its operations include hydrocarbon exploration, drilling, refi ning, transport, and distribution. PDVSA has the largest hydrocarbon reserves on the American continent. This volume places PDVSA in fi fth place worldwide for available, proven reserves. Venezuela's daily petroleum production capacity is 3.8 million barrels with an infrastructure including 20,000 active wells located in 2,400 active fi elds, 300 active petroleum camps, and more than 6,000 kilometers of pipelines. PDVSA ArcIMS confi guration. The incorporation of technology in PDVSA's business is one of the corporation's strategies aimed at increasing its resource base and reducing its operating costs. The corporation believed that satellite image visualization and querying on the PDVSA Intranet was a necessity. From this grew development of a tool for visualization of satellite images on the Web, not only to become an image catalog but also as a tool to integrate cartographic- and oil-related information. GIS BEST PRACTICES 29 WWW.ESRI.COM/PETROLEUM
This includes wells, seismic lines, and lease parcels and incorporates a series of spatial analysis functions. Later, to support its production unit business, PDVSA decided it was necessary to visualize operational surface facilities on its Intranet. Thus was developed the Geospatial Satellite Images Web tool and the Geospatial Surface Facilities Web tool, which enables data visualization, spatial analysis, and integration with cartographic and other petroleum data. Implementation To implement the Geospatial Satellite Images Web tool and the Geospatial Surface Facilities Web tool, two corporate databases were integrated to store the geospatial data: Surface Database (ArcInfo Librarian) where the spatial component of the data is stored on thematic layers: Cartography on a scale of 1:2,000,000, 1:500,000, and 1:100,000 (cities, rivers, roads, etc.) Wells, seismic 2D/3D navigation, leases, and surface facilities Exploration and Production Master Database (Finder), based on Oracle, where the attribute components of the geospatial, exploration, and production data is stored to support PDVSA activities Layers were generated for each data type using ArcSDE for coverages, integrating the spatial data (ArcInfo) with the attribute data (Finder). Geospatial Satellite Images Web Tool The Geospatial Satellite Images Web tool is divided into four main sections Toolbar, Viewed Layers (Themes), Graphical View, and Tabular View whose benefits include displaying data and viewing satellite imagery through the PDVSA Intranet, simplifying processes and reducing time response at the Remote Sensing Department of PDVSA, spatially integrating satellite images with the surface databases, and reducing disk space through compressed images. Customizing ArcIMS with the HTML viewer, the Web tool was developed to visualize the satellite images from SPOT, Landsat, and Radarsat. This allows the integration of these images with cartographic data, wells, leases, and seismic 2D and 3D navigation on the PDVSA Intranet. FEBRUARY 2007 30 GIS FOR PETROLEUM
The Major Features Satellite Image Catalog There are more than 200 satellite images available (georeferenced and nongeoreferenced), all compressed with MrSID to facilitate their display. The tool has three geospatial indexes to visualize georeferenced and nongeoreferenced satellite images as follows: SPOT Multispectral and panchromatic Landsat Multispectral and panchromatic Radarsat Panchromatic Integration of Satellite Images, Basic Cartography, Petroleum Data This function allows the layers (themes) from PDVSA's surface database to be superimposed on a georeferenced satellite image. These layers include well locations and attributes, seismic 2D and 3D navigation, leasing, operational agreements, and basic cartography (with scales of 1:2,000,000, 1:500,000, and 1:100,000). GIS BEST PRACTICES 31 WWW.ESRI.COM/PETROLEUM
Satellite images Web tool toolbar. Dynamic Scale Adjustment Once the user zooms in or out in an area to visualize satellite images and other data, this function automatically selects the cartographic source or layer (1:2,000,000, 1:500,000, and 1:100,000) to be displayed based on the minimum and maximum scale factor display setting. Image Request by E-Mail Once the images have been selected, the tool sends an e-mail to the Remote Sensing Department of PDVSA with the identifi cation of the images and user in order to begin their processing and delivery. Spatial Analysis The tool comes with functions that allow basic spatial analysis such as buffers, proximity, query an area by coordinates, and measure distance. FEBRUARY 2007 32 GIS FOR PETROLEUM
Geospatial Surface Facilities Web Tool The Geospatial Surface Facilities Web tool was developed to visualize the crude oil production facilities, gas recovery and distribution system, gas injection system, water injection system, and artifi cial gas lift system. In addition, critical to the operations of PDVSA are the saving of time in data search and query and reduction of response time in emergency situations. Associated surface facilities are oil and gas pipeline networks and the equipment associated with each of the facilities, their site plans, and pipeline instrument diagrams. Looking Ahead This integration tool demonstrates how a corporate data store can be linked together in a relatively short time span, using existing facilities, without reengineering the data warehouse initially. It also offers the possibility of further integration through the migration of relevant portions to ArcSDE. Together with visualization tools on the Intranet, it is natural to extend the data types to include recently acquired hyperspectral and Ikonos images. Other next steps may include the electrical generation and distribution facilities directly associated with production. (Reprinted from the Fall 2003 issue of ArcNews magazine) GIS BEST PRACTICES 33 WWW.ESRI.COM/PETROLEUM
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