The Great Mineral & Rock Test 1. Base your answer to the following question on the table below which provides information about the crystal sizes and the mineral compositions of four igneous rocks, A, B, C, and D. Rock B most likely is 1) conglomerate 2) peridotite 3) schist 4) obsidian 2. Which two rocks have the most similar mineral composition? 1) quartzite and rock salt 2) granite and phyllite 3) marble and rhyolite 4) limestone and basalt 3. Which mineral can be found in granite, andesite, gneiss, and hornfels? 1) biotite mica 2) pyroxene 3) quartz 4) olivine 4. Which igneous rock has a vesicular texture and contains the minerals potassium feldspar and quartz? 5. Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are usually composed of 1) minerals 2) fossils 3) intergrown crystals 4) sediments 6. What is the best way to determine if a mineral sample is calcite or quartz? 1) Place the mineral near a magnet. 2) Place a drop of acid on the mineral. 3) Measure the mass of the mineral. 4) Observe the color of the mineral. 1) pegmatite 2) andesite 3) scoria 4) pumice Version 1 Page 1 Barnard/George/Ward
7. The photograph below shows a piece of halite that has been recently broken. 10. A fine-grained igneous rock composed mostly of plagioclase feldspar and Amphibole and containing no quartz or pyroxene would be classified as 1) peridotite 2) granite 3) andesite 4) scoria 11. The flowchart below illustrates the change from melted rock to basalt. Which physical property of halite is demonstrated by this pattern of breakage? 1) streak 2) luster 3) cleavage 4) hardness 8. Which two rocks are primarily composed of a mineral that bubbles with acid? 1) granite and dolostone 2) slate and conglomerate 3) limestone and marble 4) sandstone and quartzite 9. The diagram below shows a broken crystal of the mineral halite The solidification of the melted rock occurred 1) slowly, resulting in coarse-grained minerals 2) rapidly, resulting in fine-grained minerals 3) rapidly, resulting in coarse-grained minerals 4) slowly, resulting in fine-grained minerals 12. What is the origin of fine-grained igneous rock? 1) silt that settled quickly in ocean water 2) lava that cooled slowly on Earth s surface 3) lava that cooled quickly on Earth s surface 4) silt that settled slowly in ocean water 13. Which three minerals are most commonly found in the igneous rock granite? The shape of the halite crystal is a direct result of the 1) internal arrangement of the atoms in the crystal 2) type of surface on which the crystal formed 3) emperature at which the crystal formed 4) stream erosion that changed the crystal 1) plagioclase feldspar, potassium feldspar, and quartz 2) plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, and olivine 3) amphibole, calcite, and hematite 4) amphibole, biotite mica, and gypsum Version 1 Page 2 Barnard/George/Ward
14. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows three minerals with three different physical tests, A, B, and C, being performed on them. Which sequence correctly matches each test, A, B, and C, with the mineral property tested? 1) A streak; B hardness; C cleavage 2) A cleavage; B hardness; C streak 3) A streak; B cleavage; C hardness 4) A cleavage; B streak; C hardness 15. Compared to felsic igneous rocks, mafic igneous rocks contain greater amounts of 1) iron 2) aluminum 3) pink feldspar 4) white quartz 16. Which nonfoliated rock forms only in a zone of contact metamorphism? 1) conglomerate 2) quartzite 3) pegmatite 4) hornfels 17. Which relative concentration of elements is found in a mafic rock? 1) a high concentration of iron and a low concentration of aluminum 2) a high concentration of aluminum and a low concentration of magnesium 3) a high concentration of silicon and a low concentration of iron 4) a high concentration of aluminum and a low concentration of iron Version 1 Page 3 Barnard/George/Ward
18. Which graph best represents the relative densities of three different types of igneous rock? 19. The picture below shows the igneous rock obsidian. 1) 2) The obsidian's glassy texture indicates that it formed from a magma that cooled 1) quickly, on Earth's surface 2) quickly, deep below Earth's surface 3) slowly, on Earth's surface 4) slowly, deep below Earth's surface 3) 4) 20. Which physical characteristic best describes the rock phyllite? 1) glassy texture with gas pockets 2) clastic texture with angular fragments 3) foliated texture with microscopic mica crystals 4) bioclastic texture with cemented shell fragments 21. Which rock is foliated, shows mineral alignment but not banding, and contains medium-sized grains of quartz and pyroxene? 1) quartzite 2) schist 3) phyllite 4) gneiss Version 1 Page 4 Barnard/George/Ward
22. The graph below shows the relationship between the cooling time of magma and the size of the crystals produced. Which graph correctly shows the relative positions of the igneous rocks granite, rhyolite, and pumice? 1) 2) 3) 4) 23. Which sedimentary rock is most likely to be changed to slate during regional metamorphism? 1) breccia 2) shale 3) dolostone 4) conglomerate 24. The recrystallization of unmelted material under high temperature and pressure results in 1) igneous rock 2) metamorphic rock 3) sedimentary rock 4) volcanic rock 25. Which rock forms by the recrystallization of unmelted rock material under conditions of high temperature and pressure? 1) gneiss 2) bituminous coal 3) granite 4) rock gypsum 26. Which process led to the formation of thick salt deposits found in the bedrock at some locations in New York State? 1) evaporation 2) condensation 3) runoff 4) melting Version 1 Page 5 Barnard/George/Ward
27. The diagrams below show the crystals of four different rocks viewed through the same hand lens. Which crystals most likely formed from molten material that cooled and solidified most rapidly? 1) 2) 3) 4) 28. The geologic cross section below shows limestone that was intruded. Part of the limestone (zone A) was heated intensely but was not melted. 29. Which sedimentary rocks are clastic and consist of particles that have diameters smaller than 0.006 centimeter? 1) bituminous coal and breccia 2) conglomerate and sandstone 3) fossil limestone and chemical limestone 4) siltstone and shale 30. Which sedimentary rock is formed by compaction and cementation of land-derived sediments? Which type of rock most likely formed in zone A? 1) rock salt 2) rock gypsum 3) siltstone 4) dolostone 1) gneiss 2) slate 3) obsidian 4) marble Version 1 Page 6 Barnard/George/Ward
31. In the diagram below, each angle of the triangle represents a 100 percent composition of the mineral named at that angle. The percentage of the mineral decreases toward 0 percent as either of the other angles of the triangle is approached. Letter A represents the mineral composition of an igneous rock. 34. Which symbol represents the sedimentary rock with the smallest grain size? 1) 2) 3) 4) Base your answers to questions 35 and 36 on the diagram below. Rock A is a coarse-grained igneous rock that can best be identified as 1) gabbro 2) rhyolite 3) granite 4) pumice 32. Which feature is characteristic of sedimentary rocks? 1) layering 2) glassy texture 3) distorted structure 4) foliation 33. Which process most likely formed a layer of the sedimentary rock, gypsum? 1) precipitation from seawater 2) melting of sand-sized particles 3) folding of clay-sized particles 4) solidification of magma 35. Which sedimentary rock is shown in the diagram? 1) siltstone 2) shale 3) conglomerate 4) sandstone 36. Which two processes formed this rock? 1) folding and faulting 2) melting and solidification 3) heating and application of pressure 4) compaction and cementation Version 1 Page 7 Barnard/George/Ward
37. Base your answer to the following question on the geologic cross section below. Location A is within the metamorphic rock. The metamorphic rock at location A is most likely 1) slate 2) phyllite 3) quartzite 4) marble 38. Which characteristic determines whether a rock is classified as a shale, a siltstone, a sandstone, or a conglomerate? 1) the density of the sediments within the rock 2) the absolute age of the sediments within the rock 3) the mineral composition of the sediments within the rock 4) the particle size of the sediments within the rock 39. Which bedrock would be most likely to contain fossils? 1) Precambrian granite 2) Pleistocene basalt 3) Cambrian shale 4) Middle-Proterozoic quartzite Version 1 Page 8 Barnard/George/Ward
Short Answer Questions Place your answers to the following questions directly on the test. 40. Base your answer to the following question on the passage below. Asbestos Asbestos is a general name given to the fibrous varieties of six naturally occurring minerals used in commercial products. Most asbestos minerals are no longer mined due to the discovery during the 1970s that long-term exposure to high concentrations of their long, stiff fibers leads to health problems. Workers who produce or handle asbestos products are most at risk, since inhaling high concentrations of airborne fibers allows the asbestos particles to become trapped in the workers' lungs. Chrysotile is a variety of asbestos that is still mined because it has short, soft, flexible fibers that do not pose the same health threat. The chemical formula for chrysotile is Mg3Si2O5(OH)4. State the name of the mineral found on the Earth Science Reference Tables that is most similar in chemical composition. Base your answers to questions 41 and 42 on the cross section below, which shows rock units A through E that have not been overturned. 41. Identify one metamorphic rock that may be found along the boundary between rock units C and E. 42. State the diameter of a particle normally found in rock unit B. Version 1 Page 9 Barnard/George/Ward
43. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below of a mineral classification scheme that shows the properties of certain minerals. Letters A through G represent mineral property zones. Zone E represents the presence of all three properties. For example, a mineral that is harder than glass, has a metallic luster, but does not have cleavage, would be placed in zone. Assume that glass has a hardness of 5.5 In which zone would the mineral potassium feldspar be placed? 44. A family wants to use rock materials as flooring in the entrance of their new house. They have narrowed their choice to granite or marble. Which of these rocks is more resistant to the physical wear of foot traffic and explain why this rock is more resistant. Version 1 Page 10 Barnard/George/Ward
45. Base your answer to the following question on the rock cycle diagram below. State the specific names of rocks A, B, and C in the diagram. Do not write the terms "sedimentary," "igneous," and "metamorphic." Version 1 Page 11 Barnard/George/Ward
Base your answers to questions 46 and 47 on the diagram below, which represents a part of the cycle. The igneous rock, granite, and the characteristics of sedimentary rock X and metamorphic rock Y are shown. 46. Identify sedimentary rock X. 47. Identify metamorphic rock Y. Version 1 Page 12 Barnard/George/Ward
Base your answers to questions 48 and 49 on the graph below, which shows a generalized sequence of rock types that form from original clay deposits at certain depths and temperature conditions within Earth s interior. 48. When clay materials are buried to a depth of 14 kilometers, which type of metamorphic rock is normally formed? 49. Explain why gneiss would not form at a depth of 27 kilometers and at a temperature of 800 C. Version 1 Page 13 Barnard/George/Ward
50. The chart below shows the different rock families and their subdivisions. The circled letters, A, B, and C, indicate parts of the chart that have not been completed. Complete the chart by writing the missing terms in the spaces labeled A, B, and C below A B C Version 1 Page 14 Barnard/George/Ward
Version 1 Page 15 Barnard/George/Ward
Earth Science Name Class Date 1. 1 2 3 4 2. 1 2 3 4 3. 1 2 3 4 4. 1 2 3 4 5. 1 2 3 4 6. 1 2 3 4 7. 1 2 3 4 8. 1 2 3 4 9. 1 2 3 4 10. 1 2 3 4 11. 1 2 3 4 12. 1 2 3 4 13. 1 2 3 4 14. 1 2 3 4 15. 1 2 3 4 16. 1 2 3 4 17. 1 2 3 4 18. 1 2 3 4 19. 1 2 3 4 20. 1 2 3 4 21. 1 2 3 4 22. 1 2 3 4 28. 1 2 3 4 29. 1 2 3 4 30. 1 2 3 4 31. 1 2 3 4 32. 1 2 3 4 33. 1 2 3 4 34. 1 2 3 4 35. 1 2 3 4 36. 1 2 3 4 37. 1 2 3 4 38. 1 2 3 4 39. 1 2 3 4 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 23. 1 2 3 4 24. 1 2 3 4 25. 1 2 3 4 26. 1 2 3 4 27. 1 2 3 4 Version 1 Page 16 Barnard/George/Ward