CSP vs PV Developing From a Solar Resource Perspective Riaan Meyer MD, GeoSUN Africa 1
Contents Solar Resource 101 PV Developers CSP Developers Comparison 2
GeoSUN Africa Stellenbosch University spin-off, in partnership with GeoModel Solar Solar Resource Solar Maps and GIS Layers Bankable Solar Resource Studies Yield Studies (PV) Instrumentation (Solar and Meteorological) Onsite measurements Supply and integration of equipment to solar plants under construction Instrument Calibration Solar Forecasting 3
Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) GHI applies to PV and SWH -20% -65% DNI applies to CSP and CPV 4
00:00 04:00 08:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 00:00 GHI [kwh/m 2 /a] 1 39 77 115 153 191 229 267 305 343 381 419 457 495 533 571 609 647 685 723 761 799 837 875 913 951 989 1027 1065 1103 1141 1179 1217 1255 1293 1331 1369 1407 1445 1483 1521 1559 1597 1635 1673 1711 1749 1787 1825 1863 1901 1939 1977 Upington vs Durban: GHI 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Upington Durban 1200 1000 Upington Durban 800 600 400 200 0 A clear day in Upington and Durban
Precipitation vs Irradiance 6
Belgium Germany Spain KZN South Africa Namibia 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 2100 2300 2500 GHI [kwh/m 2 /a] KZN s solar (GHI) resource is as good, if not better, than that of Spain! 7
8 PV Developers
9 Solar Maps for South Africa
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Tracking? 11 1-axis vertical axis at 30
Satellite derived data GHI GTI DNI Comparison of Solar Resource Assessments for South Africa, (2009), TP Fluri and TW von Backstrom, ISES Solar World Congress 12
SolarGIS satellite data uncertainty Best Achievable uncertainty currently DNI: ±4% GHI: ±2.5% Source: GeoModel Solar, ESMAP Malawi project
Data Comparisons Ground measured temperature are compared to Satellite SolarGIS temperatures from NWMs. Data of both time series have an hourly temporal resolution.
GHI [kwh/m 2 /a] Inter-annual variability 2300 2250 2200 +4.9% 2150 2100-4.4% 2050 2000 15
16 CSP Developers
DNI DNI Solar Map: NREL data obtained from the SWERA website 17
Solar Map: NREL data obtained from the SWERA website 18
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DNI Measurement Stations in South Africa SAWS 20
www.sauran.net 21
CSP/CPV All CSP and CPV developers deploy on-site measurements Mandated by RE-IPPPP (CSP) and banks (CSP and CPV) Due to higher uncertainties of satellite derived data 22
23 DNI Measurements - pyrheliometer
Satellite derived data GHI GTI DNI Comparison of Solar Resource Assessments for South Africa, (2009), TP Fluri and TW von Backstrom, ISES Solar World Congress 24
1-May-11 4-May-11 7-May-11 10-May-11 13-May-11 16-May-11 19-May-11 22-May-11 25-May-11 28-May-11 31-May-11 DNI - daily total [kwh/m 2 /day] 1-Jun-11 4-Jun-11 7-Jun-11 10-Jun-11 13-Jun-11 16-Jun-11 19-Jun-11 22-Jun-11 25-Jun-11 28-Jun-11 GHI - daily total [kwh/m 2 /day] 6 GHI - Satellite HC-3 GHI - Ground measured GHI - Satellite SGIS 5 4 3 2 Satellite Derived vs Ground Measured Data 15.0 12.5 DNI - Ground measured DNI - Satellite 10.0 7.5 5.0 2.5 0.0
Data Comparisons Ground measured DNI (pyrheliometer) is compared to Satellite derived DNI (SolarGIS). Data of both time series have an hourly temporal resolution.
DNI [kwh/m 2 /a] Inter-annual variability 3000 2900 2800 2700 +14.3% 2600 2500 2400-7.8% 2300 2200 2100 2000 27
Other factors You need water! The land must be flat The shape of the land is important Limited technology suppliers You need more people on site Road Access 28
29 Photovoltaics GHI is the most common solar map with relative good accuracies with other maps also now available (GTI, PVOut, PVTracking, etc.) GHI is the most commonly measured solar data parameter The cost of a PV solar measurement station is significantly lower than that of DNI Satellite derived GHI data is available at a lower cost than DNI data Satellite derived GHI data has lower uncertainty than DNI Concentrating Solar Power Few DNI maps are available in general with relative high uncertainties Few DNI measurements are available, especially in the public domain The cost of a CSP solar measurement station is significantly higher than that of a PV station Satellite derived DNI data is more expensive than GHI/GTI data Satellite derived DNI data has higher uncertainties than GHI/GTI
World DNI Map (SolarGIS) www.solargis.info/imaps 30
Thank you for your attention Contact Details Mr Riaan Meyer, 084 876 4816 Unit 1, CS Africa building, 1 Meson Street Techno Park, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa riaan.meyer@geosun.co.za www.geosun.co.za GeoSUN Colaborators GeoSUN Clients