Thermochemical Storage Technologies Andreas Hauer Ecostock 2006, Stockton, New Jersey, USA
Content Thermal energy storage technologies Direct / indirect thermal energy storage Thermochemical Storage: Closed systems Thermochemical Storage: Open systems Ecostock: - Chemical reactions - Solid adsorbents - Liquid desiccants
Thermal energy storage technologies
Thermal Energy Storage: How? Thermal Energy Storage Technologies: Storage of Sensible Heat 100 MJ/m³ / 40 m³ Storage of Latent Heat 300-500 MJ/m³ / 2,5 m³ Thermochemical Heat Storage 1000 MJ/m³ / 1 m³
Direct /Indirect Thermal Energy Storage 1. Why can thermochemical storages provide higher storage capacities? 2. What is the limiting factor of storage capacity of TES?
Direct Thermal Energy Storage Sensible or Latent Heat Heat Source T Q S Storage T Heating Up Melting Evaporation Q Q sens lat T T S 2 2 = cp dt = T dt = T T 2 T T T 1 1 = c P dt + H ls = T S 21 T 1 Difficult to handle! S + T ls 21 S ls
Indirect Thermal Energy Storage Heat Source T Q S Converter S i W Storage T a Q S T a Examples: Si entropy production due to internal irreversibilities, Q and S waste heat and entropy Pumping of thewater converter, Ta ambient temperature, W work Fly Wheel Chemical Reaction
Thermochemical Storage: Closed systems
Chemical Reactions Change of Volume Condensation Q Reactor AB/A B Condenser B Cond S Q S T a e.g. chemical reaction Mg(OH) 2 MgO + H 2 O
Chemical Reactions Charging Heat Q Entropy S Closed System Reactor Mg(OH)2 MgO AB/A + H2O Water Vapor Condensator Water B Kond Q S Ambient Discharging Heat Q Entropy S Reactor MgO + H2O Mg(OH)2 Water Vapor Evaporator Water Q S Ambient /Low Temp.
Closed Chemical Storage System Desorption Dehydration Charging Water Vapor Hydration Discharging Water Vapor MgO Reactor Condenser MgO Reactor Evaporator Q Cha Q Cond Q Dis Q Evap
Thermochemical Storage: Open systems
Thermodynamics B part of the atmosphere Q Reactor AB/A B Ambience S e.g. open sorption storage
Thermodynamics Open System Charging Heat Q Entropy S Desorber Adsorbent/ Water AB/A Vapor Water Vapor Ambient Discharging Heat Q Entropy S Adsorber Adsorbens/ Adsorbent/ AB/A Wasserdampf Water Vapor Water Vapor Ambient
Open Sorption Storage System Desorption Adsorption Temperature high air + water heat of condensation air + water heat of evaporation usable Solid Adsorbent low air heat of desorption air heat of adsorption
Absorption Process Regeneration Absorption Concentrated Salt Solution Humidifier Regenerator Absorber air air Diluted Salt Solution
Ecostock: Chemical reactions
Packed Bed Reactor Demonstration of Magnesium Oxide/Water Chemical Heat Pump Session 13B: Thermochemical Storage Mg(OH)2 reactant Packed bed reactor Experimental and Simulation Analysis of a Reactor Design for to Enhance Thermal Transportation Chemical Heat Pump Session 12B: Transportation by TES
Ecostock: Solid Adsorbents
Cost-effectiveness of a heat energy distribution system based on mobile storage units: Two case studies Session 12B: Transportation by TES Thermochemical Storage for Solar Space Heating in a Single-Family House Session 13B: Thermochemical Storage Open sorption storage, Munich / Germany Optimization of thermochemical storage by dealumination of zeolitic storage materials Session 13B: Thermochemical Storage Adsorption speed and mass transfer zone + Thermochemical storage for solar space heating Session 9B: PCM / Thermochemical / Solar
Ecostock: Liquid Desiccants
Thermal Storage Using the Thermo-Chemical Accumulator Thermochemical Storage for Air-Conditioning Using Open Cycle Liquid Desiccant Technology Session 13B: Thermochemical Storage 2nd generation LiCl absorber Munich / Germany LiCl absorber installation Amberg / Germany