gvbe Kj v Y IqvKd e e v t cwi cöwÿz evsjv `k [WAQF SYSTEM FOR HUMAN WELFARE t FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF BANGLADESH ] [ XvKv wek we` vj q wcgbp.ww. wwmªxi Rb Dc vwcz Awfm `f ] ZË veavqk W. gyn ` kwdkzi ingvb M elk Aa vck gynv ` Aveyj dvivn BmjvwgK vwwr wefvm iwr bs : 6/ 2010/2011 XvKv wek we` vjq, XvKv BmjvwgK vwwr wefvm XvKv wek we` vjq, XvKv XvKv ZvwiL : 28-04 - 2014 XvKv wek we` vjq, XvKv
BmjvwgK vwwr wefvm XvKv wek we` vjq UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA XvKv- 1000, evsjv `k DHAKA-1000 BANGLADESH. dvb : 9661920/6290,6291 PHONE : 9661920-73/6290, 6291 DEPARTMENT OF ISLAMIC STUDIES vik bs... Date : cöz qb cî Avwg GB g g cöz qb KiwQ h, XvKv wek we` vj qi BmjvwgK vwwr wefv Mi wcgbp.ww. M elk Rbve gynv ` Aveyj dvivn& iwr: bs 06/2010-2011 Gi Ògvbe Kj v Y IqvK&d e e v t cwi cöwÿz evsjv `kó kxl K Awfm `f wu Avgvi cöz ZË veav b m úbœ n q Q GwU GKwU gšwjk M elyvkg Avgvi Rvbv g Z B Zvc~ e G wk ivbv g Kv_vI wcgbp.ww. / Gg. wdj. ev Ab Kvb wwmöx jv fi Rb Kvb Awfm `f m úvw`z nqwb Awfm ` f i m ú~y ev AvswkK Kv_vI cökvwkz nqwb Avwg Awfm `f wu Av ` vcvší cvv K iwq Ges wcgbp.ww. wwmöx jv fi D Ï k Rgv`v bi Rb Aby gv`b KiwQ Aa vck W. gyn ` kwdkzi ingvb BmjvwgK vwwr wefvm XvKv wek we` vjq, XvKv I M elyv ZË veavqk
NvlYv cî GB g g NvlYv cö`vb KiwQ h, Ògvbe Kj v Y IqvK&d e e v t cwi cöwÿz evsjv `kó kxl K Awfm `f wu Avgvi wbr ^ I GKK gšwjk M elyvkg GB M elyvk g i m ú~y ev AvswkK Avwg Kv_vI cökvk Kwiwb Ges cökv ki Rb Rgv `Bwb (gynv ` Aveyj dvivn&) mnkvix Aa vck wcgbp.ww. d jv: BDwRwm iwr: bs - 06/2010 BmjvwgK vwwr wefvm XvKv wek we` vjq, XvKv
K ZÁZv ^xkvi mkj cöksmv m gnvb Avjøvn&i, whwb AZ ší g nievwb K i G M elyv Kg m úbœ Kivi ZŠwdK `vb K i Qb AmsL `iæ` I mvjvg ck KiwQ gvbezvi gnvb wkÿk me kl I me köô ivm~j gnvbex nhiz gynv ` (m.)-gi cöwz, whwb wek evmxi Rb ingz ^iƒc cöwiz n q Qb AmsL ab ev` I K ZÁZv Ávcb KiwQ G M elyv K g i ZË veavqk cig kö q wkÿk XvKv wek we` vj qi BmjvwgK vwwr wefv Mi cö dmi W. gyn ` kwdkzi ingvb-gi cöwz, whwb kz e ÍZvi gv SI Avgv K m e vzfv e mn hvwmzv K i Qb Awfm ` f i Aa vq web vm, DcvË I DcKiY msmön, M elyv c wz, ZË I Z_ ms hvrb cöwµqv cöf wz wel q Zuvi mywpwšíz I g~j evb civgk Awfm `f wu K gvbm úbœ K i Zz j Q G M elyv K g i cöwzwu kã I evk wzwb AZ ší ˆa h i mv _ ` L Avgv K F Yi Rv j Ave K i Qb g~jz Zuvi mn hvwmzv bv c j Avgvi G M elyvkg Am ú~y B _ K hz we klfv e ab ev` I K ZÁZv Ávcb KiwQ, XvKv wek we` vj qi Aviwe wefv Mi cö dmi I cöv³b wefvmxq Pqvig vb, eüzei Rbve G we Gg wmwïkzi ingvb wbrvgxi cöwz, hvi mywpwšíz civgk I w`k-wb ` kbv M elyvkg m úbœ Ki Z Avgv K `viæyfv e Aby cöiyv hywm q Q Awfm ` f i welq I wk ivbvg wbe vp b Zuvi AvšÍwiK mn hvwmzv Avgv K AvRxeb FYx K i ivl e ab ev` I K ZÁZv Ávcb KiwQ Avgvi cig kª q wkÿk Bmjvgx wek we` vjq Kzwóqvi Aviwe fvlv I mvwnz wefv Mi cö dmi W. bmvi DwÏb Avng`-Gi cöwz, whwb D P wkÿv MÖn Yi Rb Avgv K DØy I Aby cöiyv `vb K i Qb Zuvi wbku Avwg A bk cwigv Y FYx ab ev` Rvbvw Q RvZxq wek we` vj qi BmjvwgK vwwr wefv Mi cöfvlk œnv ú` W. gvnv ` gv ÍvwdRyi ingv bi cöwz, whwb M elyvi welq, wewfbœ eb-cȳ ÍK I Z_ -DcvË mieivn K i Avgv K K ZÁZv cv k Ave K i Qb K ZÁZv Ávcb KiwQ mikvwi evsjv K j Ri e e vcbv wefv Mi cöv³b Aa vck Rbve Avãyj AvwRR wgqvi cöwz, whwb wewfbœfv e Avgv K Drmvn I mn hvwmzv cö`vb K i Qb ab ev` I K ZÁZv Ávcb KiwQ
evsjv `k mwpevj qi Kg KZ v Rbve kvgxgv PŠayix Ges wkÿv gš Yvj qi Kg KZ v Rbve nvweeyi ingv bi cöwz, hviv wbt ^v_ fv e Avgv K mn hvwmzv cö`vb K i Qb cig kö v Avi Amxg K ZÁwP Ë iy KiwQ Avgvi giûg wczv-gvzv I k ïi K, huviv RxeÏkvq D P wkÿv MÖn Yi Rb Avgv K me `v Drmvn hywm q Qb Ges Avgvi wwmöx jv fi Rb gnvb Avjøvn&i `iev i cövy Ly j `võav K iwq jb K ZÁZv Rvbvw Q Avgvi kö q k vïox Rvnvbviv em gi cöwz, whwb me `v Avgvi M elyv Kv Ri LuvR-Lei wb q Qb Ges Avgv K Drmvn hywm q Qb Avi GKR bi K ZÁZv ^xkvi bv Ki jb bq, wzwb n jb Avgvi wcöq mnag xbx mv n`v Av³vi Zvi Z vm, ˆah I Aby cöiyv Avgv K Awfm `f wu ipbvq gvbwmk kw³ hywm q Q ab ev` I K ZÁZv Ávcb KiwQ, evsjv `k mikv ii wkÿv gš Yvjq Ges gva wgk I D P wkÿv Awa`ßi KZ cÿ K, huviv XvKv wek we` vj qi Aax b wcgbp. ww. Kv m fwz niqvi AbygwZ cö`vb I QzwU gäyi K i Avgvi D P wkÿv MÖn Yi c_ mymg K i w` q Qb Avwg we klfv e ab ev` I K ZÁZv Rvbvw Q, evsjv `k wek we` vjq gäyix Kwgkb (BDwRwm) KZ cÿ K, huviv wzb eq ii d jvwkc gäyi K i Avgvi M elyvk g Drmvn I mn hvwmzv cö`vb K i Qb G M elyvkg m úv` b h mkj m vwbz jlk, M elk, jvi I A_ bxwzex `i jlv eb, cöeü, gzvgz cöf wz _ K mivmwi mn hvwmzv wb qwq, Zuv `i mk ji cöwz K ZÁZv Ávcb KiwQ ab ev` I K ZÁZv Rvbvw Q wewfbœ jvb eªix, MÖš vmvi I mwgbv ii Kg KZ v I Kg Pvix `i cöwz, hviv eb-cȳ ÍK I wewfbœ Z_ DcvË mieivn K i Avgv K mn hvwmzv K i Qb Gi g a evsjv `k wek we` vjq gäyix Kwgkb jvb eªix, XvKv wek we` vjq K `ªxq jvb eªix, BmjvwgK dvd Ûkb jvb eªix, Avj-Avivdv Bmjvgx e vsk jvb eªix, Bmjvgx e vsk Uªwbs GKv Wgx jvb eªix, XvKv wek we` vjq BmjvwgK vwwr wefv Mi mwgbvi cöf wz D jøl hvm ab ev` I K ZÁZv Ávcb KiwQ evsjv `k IqvK&d cökvm bi gvbbxq IqvK&d cökvmk, mnkvix IqvK&d cökvmk, nvg`` cöavb Kvh vj qi Kg KZ v, nhiz kvn Avjx gvhvi, mvm vj Bmjvgx e vsk, Bmjvgx e vsk evsjv `k wjwg UW, Avj-Avivdv Bmjvgx e vsk I Gw g e vs Ki Kg KZ v `i cöwz, hviv wewfbœ Z_ DcvË mieivn K i Avgv K mn hvwmzv K i Qb
ab ev` I K ZÁZv Rvbvw Q kö q eo evb gvndzrv, Avd ivrv, eo fvb mv jn DÏxb, gwndïxb I wmqvm DÏxb Ges QvU fvb Kcv qz, Avkivd, QvU evb gvneyev, bvmwib, fvwmbv mvbd, œ ni mvqgv, mvwke I ivwke, wcöq QvÎ Avwid, mvc` I mv n ji cöwz, hviv Awfm `f wu K úvr, evauvbmn wewfbœ fv e Avgv K mn hvwmzv K i Qb cwi k l gnvb iveÿyj Avjvgx bi wbku cªv_ bv, wzwb hb G cöqvm Keyj K ib M elk BmjvwgK vwwr wefvm XvKv wek we` vjq wcgbp.ww. d jv, BDwRwm
kã ms ÿc (m.) : mvjøvjøvû AvÔjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg (Av.) : AvÔjvBwnm mvjvg (iv.) : ivw`qvjøvû AvÔbû (in.) : ivngvzzjøvwn AvÔjvBn& W. : W±i wn. : wnrix Bs : Bs iwr wlª. : wlª vã e. : e½vã Zv.we. : ZvwiL wenxb B.dv.ev : BmjvwgK dvd Ûkb evsjv `k B.dv.c : BmjvwgK dvd Ûkb cwîkv c. : c ôv cö. : cökvk, cökvwkz ms : ms iy IBL : Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited SIBL : Social Investment Bank Ltd. IRTI : Islamic Research and Training Institute IDB : Islamic Development Bank OIC : Organization of Islamic Co-Operation P. : Page PP. : Pages Ibid : Ibidem ( used when footnote refers to the same work and the same page as the previous footnote.) Op. cit. : Open cito / Opera citarae Vol. : Volume
m~pxcî cöz qb cî NvlYv cî K ZÁZv ^xkvi kã ms ÿc f~wgkv weeiy: c ôv b ^i cö_g Aa vq IqvK&d cwiwpwz I bxwzgvjv 1-21 cö_g cwi Q`: IqvK&d cwiwpwz * IqvK&d-Gi msáv I cwiwpwz * IqvK&d I `vb-mv`vkvn& * IqvK&d Ges Uªv * IqvK&d-Gi D Ïk I jÿ * IqvK&d-Gi welq-e * IqvK&d-Gi köwy wefvm * IqvK&d-Gi iæz wøzxq cwi Q`: Bmjv g IqvK&d bxwzgvjv 22-44 * IqvK&d-Gi kz vejx * IqvK&dKvixi mv _ m ú ³ kz vejx * IqvK&d K g i mv _ m ú ³ kz vejx * IqvK&d m úwëi mv _ m ú ³ kz vejx * IqvK&d Kivi wbqg * IqvK&d m úbœ niqvi Dcvq * IqvK&d cöz vnvi, cwiez b I kz mv c ÿ IqvK&d * gykv ev GRgvwj m úwë IqvK&d
* gvmv i d IqvK&d ev IqvK& di e q LvZ * RbwnZKi Kv R IqvK&d * wb Ri, mšív bi Ges Ab vb AvZ xq- ^R bi Rb IqvK&d * DËivwaKvix `i Rb IqvK&d * gmwr `i Rb IqvK&d * Agymwjg `i Rb IqvK&d * gyg~l y e w³i IqvK&d * Agymwjg `i IqvK&d m úwë * gyzviqvwjø I cwipvjbv KwgwU MVb I wb qvm * gyzviqvwjø ev cwipvjbv KwgwUi `vwqz KZ e * gyzviqvwjø ev cwipvjbv KwgwUi Ae vnwz wøzxq Aa vq Bmjv g gvbekj vy ` wófw½ Ges IqvK& di DrcwË I wekvk 45-87 cö_g cwi Q` : Bmjv g gvbekj vy ` wófw½ * cöpwjz gvbekj vy * Bmjv g gvbekj v Yi aviyv * Bmjv g gvbekj vy wb ` kbv * Bmjv g c~y v½ Rxe bi aviyv * Bmjv g m ú `i iæz * cöpwjz A_ e e v I Bmjvg * Bmjv g m ú` AR b I e Ub bxwz * Bmjv g gvbekj vy cö_v I cöwzôvbvw` * hvkvz * evqzzjgvj * Ki h nvmvbv * wdziv I Kzievbx * mv`vkvn& ev `vb * IqvK&d
wøzxq cwi Q` : IqvK& di DrcwË I µgwekvk 88-111 * IqvK&d-Gi DrcwË * gnvbex (m.)-gi c~e hy M IqvK&d * gnvbex (m.)-gi mgq IqvK&d * gnvbex (m.) cöwzwôz IqvK&d * IqvK&d-Gi µgwekvk * Lvjvdv q iv k`xb `i IqvK&d * Ab vb mvnvex `i IqvK&d * DgvBqv kvmbvg j IqvK&d * AvaywbK hy M IqvK&d e e v * wkqz RbKj vyg~jk IqvK&d cöwzôvb Z Zxq Aa vq evsjv ` k IqvK&d e e vi BwZe Ë I ^iƒc 112-123 cö_g cwi Q` : evsjv ` k IqvK&d e e vi BwZe Ë * evsjv ` k Bmjv gi AvMgb * cvk-fviz Dcgnv ` k IqvK&d e e v * evsjv ` k IqvK& di HwZnvwmK cöÿvcu wøzxq cwi Q` : evsjv ` k IqvK&d cökvm bi Kvh µg 124-151 * IqvK&d AvB bi cuf~wg * IqvK&d AvB bi weez b * IqvK&d cwimsl vb * wefvm I RjvwfwËK IqvK&d cökvmb KvVv gv * mvsmvwbk KvVv gv * Rbej web vm * wefvm wfwëk cwimsl vbmz Z_ * Rjv wfwëk cwimsl vbmz Z_ * IqvK& di Avw_ K ms køl
* IqvK&d cökvm bi wemz 10 eq ii Avq-e qi wnmve weeiyx * wemz 10 eq i IqvK&d Puv`v Av`v qi weeiy * wefvmiqvix Puv`v `vex I Av`vq Gi Zzjbvg~jK wpî * evsjv `k IqvK&d cökvm bi Kvh vejx * IqvK&d cökvm bi AMÖvwaKvig~jK I iæz c~y Kvh vejx * IqvK&d cökvm bi mevg~jk Kvh µg * IqvK&d cökvmb K MwZkxj I hy Mvc hvmx Kivi j ÿ M nxz c` ÿc * IqvK&d cökvm Ki `vwqz -KZ e * gyzviqvwjø ev KwgwU wb qvm * KwgwU ev gyzviqvwjøi Kvh vejx I ÿgzv * gyzviqvwjøi AcmviY * gyzviqvwjøi `Û * wepvivaxb gvgjvi weeiy * AvBbMZ e e v MÖnY Z Zxq cwi Q` : evsjv ` k K vk IqvK&d Kvh µg 152-205 * K vk IqvK&d wk * K vk IqvK&d Pvjyi D Ïk * K vk IqvK&d-Gi D e I wekvk * K vk IqvK&d-Gi iæz * mvm vj Bmjvgx e vsk wjt * K vk IqvK&d Pvjyi cq b e vs Ki D Ïk * wb Ri Kj vy * cwiev ii Kj vy * mvgvwrk Kj vy I wewb qvm * `iw` mgvr MVb * Znwe ji wbivcëv * GmAvBweGj-Gi K vk IqvK&d mvwu wd KU Kvh µg * K vk IqvK&d x gi jf vsk ewbwdwmqvix `i g a e Ub * K vk IqvK&d ww cvwru xg Lvjvi c wz
* K vk IqvK&d ww cvwru x gi gva g IqvwK di cövc myweav * GmAvBweGj-Gi ez gvb K vk IqvK&d Kvh µg * GmAvBweGj-Gi ^ Qv mev Lv Z e swks * Bmjvgx e vsk evsjv `k wjwg UW * gỳ vivev IqvK&d K vk mâqx wnmve * jÿ I D Ïk * wnmve Lvjvi wbqgvejx * e vsk wba vwiz LvZmg~n * gỳ vivev IqvK&d K vk wnmve cwipvjbvi wbqgvejx * Avj-Avivdvn& Bmjvgx e vsk wjt * gỳ vivev K vk IqvK&d wnmve cwipvjbvi wbqgvejx * Avj-Avivdvn& e vsk wba vwiz IqvK&d LvZmg~n * GK&ª cvu Bg cvu e vsk Ae evsjv `k wjwg UW (GwK&ªg e vsk) * gỳ vivev K vk IqvK&d ww cvwru * GwK&ªg e vs Ki gỳ vivev K vk IqvK&d ww cvwr Ui D Ïk * wnmve Lvjvi AZ vek Kxq wbqgvejx * e vsk wba vwiz IqvK&d LvZmg~n * cö qvrb c _K IqvK&d e vsk cöwzôv * K vk IqvK&d ÿz`ª F Yi (Microcredit) wekí wn m e e envi * K vk IqvK&d AvqK ii wekí wn m e e envi * K vk IqvK&d-Gi wek Rbxb iƒc * ^ Qv mev Lv Zi wek vqb: wek mvgvwrk e vsk cöwzôv PZz_ Aa vq evsjv ` k IqvK&d mgm v I mgvav bi c_-wb ` k 206-214 cö_g cwi Q` : evsjv ` k IqvK& d weivrgvb mgm v * IqvK& d we` gvb mgm vmg~n * cökvmwbk mgm v * AvBbMZ mgm v * Avw_ K mgm v
wøzxq cwi Q` : IqvK&d mgm v mgvav bi c_-wb ` k 215-239 * mgm v mgvavbk í wb ` kbv * cökvmwbk ÿ Î KiYxq * AvB bi ÿ Î KiYxq * Avw_ K ÿ Î KiYxq * IqvK&d : cö qvrb Av `vjb câg Aa vq evsjv ` k Av_ -mvgvwrk Dbœq b IqvK& di m vebv 240-246 cö_g cwi Q` : Bmjv g A_ bwzk wbivcëv I mn hvwmzvi aviyv * evsjv ` k a g i cöfve * Bmjv g A_ bwzk wbivcëv I mn hvwmzvi aviyv Ges evsjv ` k Zvi cöfve wøzxq cwi Q` : Av_ -mvgvwrk Dbœq b evsjv ` k IqvK& di f~wgkv 247-260 * IqvK&d-Gi MŠi ev¾ j BwZnvm-HwZn * Av_ -mvgvwrk Dbœq b IqvK& di f~wgkv * evsjv ` k ez gvb IqvK&d Kvh µg (we klz : nvg`` I kvn Avjx gvhvi) * nvg`` (IqvK&d) evsjv `k * nvg`` (IqvK&d) evsjv `k-gi Kvh µg * wgicyi kvn& Avjx (i.) gvhvi IqvK&d G U * gvhvi-iqvk&d Kvh µg Z Zxq cwi Q` : evsjv ` k IqvK& di m vebv I mycvwik 261-283 * evsjv ` ki Av_ -mvgvwrk Dbœq b IqvK&d * evsjv ` k IqvK& di m vebv I mycvwik * evsjv ` k IqvK&d t cö qvrb mgwš^z Dbœqb * Dcmsnvi 284-291 * MÖš cwä 292-304
f~wgkv ÔIqvK&dÕ Bmjv gi GK Abycg I iæz c~y gvbekj vy cöwzôvb h Kvb ` ki Av_ mvgvwrk Dbœq b GwU we kl f~wgkv cvjb K i IqvK& di D Ïk Kej gmwr`, gv`&ivmv wksev GwZgLvbv wbg vy bq; eis mgv Ri mvgwmök Dbœqb Z_v agx q, wkÿv, A_ bwzk, mvgvwrk I mvs wzk cöf wz ÿ Îi mylg AMÖMwZ Bmjvg gvbe Rxe bi mvwe K Kj v Yi c_-wb ` kk gvbe Rxe bi mkj w`k I wefvm Gi Av jvp welq gnvbex nhiz gynv ` (m.) I Lvjvdv q iv k`vi hy M Bmjv gi Avw_ K wewa-weavb ev Íevq bi gva g mgv R h m QjZv I mg w i mvbvjx Aa vq iwpz n qwqj Zv MvUv we k i Rb AbyKiYxq gvbe Kj vy wbwðz Kivi Rb Bmjvg A_ -m ú` AR b, fvm I e U bi gšwjk bxwzgvjv ck K i Q me vwak iæz Av ivc Kiv n q Q gvby li gšwjk Pvwn`v c~i Yi cöwz G D Ï k Bmjvg mgv Ri wecbœ I Amnvq gvby li AwaKvi cöwzôvq weëevb `i Dci hvkvz Av`vq dih K i w` q Q wkš cövk wzk ev cvwicvwk K Kvb Kvi Y hvkvz e e v cªez bi cii hw` Kvb mgv Ri `vwi`ª `~ixf~z bv nq, m ÿ Î Bmjvg Hw QK `vb-mv`vkvn& I IqvK& di b vq gvbwek AvPiY Kivi Rb weëevb `i cöwz AvnŸvb Rvwb q Q `v bi AdzišÍ Kj v Yi cöwz KziAvb I nvw` mi Drmvne väk AvnŸvb gvby li gb K cöpûfv e Av jvwoz K i d j gvbyl Bn jšwkk kvwší I cvi jšwkk gyw³i Rb `vbkxj nq Avi Avjøvn&i iv Ívq ^ Qvq m ú` e q Kivi m e vëg cš v n jv IqvK&d e e v mvaviyfv e Kvb gymwjg KZ K Zvi ab-m ú `i mgỳ q ev AvswkK Avjøvn&i gvwjkvbvq AvUK i L Gi Drcv`b ev Dc hvm Kj vyki Lv Z vqxfv e `vb Kiv K IqvK&d e j G c wz Z gvbe Rxe bi cig j gnvb Avjøvni mš wó jvf Kiv m e nq GwU mgvr mev I gvbe Kj v Yi GKwU vqx e e v `vzvi g Zÿ i cii Zvi G `vb gvbezvi Kj v Y Ae vnz _v K g~jz `v bi gvnvz I gh v`v, mvgvwrk w wzkxjzv Z_v `ȳ I Amnvq gvbyl K ^vej ^x Kivi PZbv _ KB gymwjg mgv R IqvK&d ixwzi m~pbv n qwqj nvjvj Dcv q AwR Z A_ -m ú` gvbe Kj v Y IqvK&d Ki j Zv mv`vkv q Rvwiqv iƒ c GKw` K gvby li cvw_ e Rxeb K wec`-avc`gy³, `vwi`ª `~i Ges mšnv` c~y mgvr wewbg v Y mnvqzv K i, Aciw` K Zv `vzv K mgv R Agi K i iv L Ges cikvjxb gyw³ I kvwšíi c_ cök Í nq ZvB Bmjvgx A_ bxwz I gymwjg mgv R GwU AZ ší iæ Z i mv _ we ewpz n q Avm Q gnvbex nhiz gynv ` (m.) wb RB IqvK& di m~pbv K iwq jb, hvi avivevwnkzv Lvjvdv-B iv k`xb I gymwjg D vn& kzvãxi ci kzvãx a i Ae vnz i L Q
ag xq Abyf~wZB Gi g~j ZvwË K welq IqvK&d `vzv ag xq D Ï k Z_v Bn I cikv ji Kj v Y Rb IqvK&d m Rb K ib `vb-mv`vkvni iæz m ú K cweî KziAv b A bk wb ` kbv _vk ji IqvK&d wel q mivmwi Kvb AvqvZ cviqv hvq bv Z e eû nvw` m gnvbex (m.) KZ K IqvK&d e e v cöez bi cögvy i q Q we kl K i mnxn eylvix kwi d nhiz Avãyjøvn Beb Dgi (iv.) ewy Z ivm~jyjøvn& (m.)-gi GKwU nvw`m Gi g~jwfwë nhiz Dgi (iv.) Zuvi GK LÛ Rwg cyy Kv R e q Kivi D Ï k gnvbex (m.) Gi civgk PvB j wzwb e jb, Òm úwëwu AvUK Ki Ges Gi Dc ^Z Ggb fv e DrmM Ki h, Zv wewµ Kiv hv e bv, `vb Kiv hv e bv, Ges DËivwaKvix `i g a e Ub Kiv hv e bv; eis Gi Dc hvm I Drcv`b gvbezvi Kj v Y e q Kiv n e Ó nhiz Dgi (iv.) D³ kz vax b RvqMvwU `wi`ª, AvZ xq- ^Rb, `vm gyw³, gymvwdi, AwZw_ mev I Ab vb mr Kv Ri Rb IqvK&d K ib AvÿwiK A _ IqvK&d ej Z eysvq wbe wë ev AvUK kixôav Zi cwifvlvq Bmjvg a g wek vmx Kvb e w³ KZ K gymwjg AvB b agx q, cweî ev `vze e j ^xk Z D Ï k h Kvb m úwë vqxfv e DrmM Kiv whwb IqvK&d K ib Zuv K IqvwKd Ges IqvK&d m úwëi e e vck K gyzviqvwjø ejv nq IqvK&d m úwëi gvwjk ^qs Avjøvn& IqvK&d wzb cökvi 1. IqvK&d-B-Lvqix, hvi Avq m ú~y iƒ c RbKj v Y e q nq 2. IqvK&d-B-Avnjx, hvi Avq IqvK&dKvixi eskai `i g a mgỳ q ev AvswkK e q Kiv nq 3. IqvK&d-B-wjjøvn&, h m úwëi Avq m ú~y iƒ c ag xq Kv R e q nq gmwr`, gv`&ivmv, g³e, C`Mvn I Kei vb BZ vw` RbKj vyg~jk Kvh µg Gi AšÍf y³ gvuk_v IqvK& di D Ïk n jv gvbekj vy mvab Kiv IqvK&d m úwëi Avq _ K mvaviyz gmwr`, gv`&ivmv, g³e, wewfbœ wkÿv cöwzôvb vcb I iÿyv eÿy, Mwie AvZ xq- ^Rb, GwZg I `ȳ -Amnvq `i wkÿv-`xÿv Z_v gšwjk Pvwn`v c~i Y mnvqzv, wewfbœ ag xq w`em I Abyôvbvw` D`hvcb, cyj, KvjfvU, iv ÍvNvU wbg vy I givgzbz vw` mgvr Dbœqbg~jK Kvh µg m úv`b Kiv n q _v K wemz cövq `o nvrvi eqi a i gymwjg mgv R hvkvz, `vb-mv`vkvn& I IqvK& di gz `vwi`ª we gvpbkvix cöwzôvbmg~n Pvjy i q Q G cöwzôvbmg~n mgvr Dbœqb I cyym V b AZxZ _ KB HwZnvwmK f~wgkv cvjb K i Avm Q Ggb GK mgq M Q hlb hvkvz bqvi gz jvki Luy R cviqv hvqwb DgvBqv I AveŸvmxq kvmbvgj Gi D¾ j ` óvší `vwi`ª we gvp bi GB Af~Zc~e mvdj AR b m e n q Q GKw` K hvkvz e e v cöez b, Aciw` K IqvK& di b vq gvbwek ms v I cöwzôvb e vck nv i M o DVvi Kvi Y d j mg Í wkÿv ii
e e v, wpwkrmv I gymvwdi `i mivblvbv BZ vw` IqvK& di Avq ØvivB wd«pvjv bv m e n Zv evsjv `kmn fvizxq Dcgnv ` ki wecyj cwigvy IqvK&d m úwëi Aw ÍZ jÿ Kiv hvq wkš h_vh_ iÿyv eÿ Yi Afv e nvrx gynv ` gnwmb IqvK&d G U, beve dqry bœmv IqvK&d G U I bvqvlvjxi fz jvqv IqvK&d G Umn DËi e ½i eû IqvK&d m úwë Kv ji AZj MnŸ i nvwi q M Q bvbv NvZ-cÖwZNvZ I cöwzeükzv AwZµg K i ez gv bi eû IqvK&d m úwë evsjv ` ki wewfbœ kni I cöz ší A j Qwo q wqwu q i q Q Bmjv gi ^ Qvg~jK G LvZ K Avw_ K KiY A_ vr h_vh_ e env ii wm vší bqv n j `vwi`ª we gvp bi ÿ Î Zv n e GK hymvšíkvix c` ÿc evsjv ` k IqvK& di i q Q mỳ xn BwZnvm I cöpzi m vebv evsjv `k IqvK&d cökvmb ag welqk gš Yvj qi Aaxb GKwU ag xq, mgvrkj vy I mevg~jk ^vqëkvwmz cöwzôvb ez gv b GwZg, `ȳ I Amnvq `i iÿyv eÿy, wkÿv I wpwkrmv ÿ Î AmsL IqvK&d cöwzôvb KvR K i hv Q Gme IqvK&d cöwzôv bi g a nvg`` j ve iuwir, nhiz kvn Avjx (i.) gvhvi, mwjgyjøvn& gymwjg GwZgLvbv, K`g gvevik GwZgLvbv, Bmjvgxqv Pÿz nvmcvzvj I cxi Bqv gbx IqvK&d G U BZ vw` D jøl hvm GQvov wewfbœ IqvK&d G Ui Aax b nvmcvzvj, GwZgLvbv, j½ilvbv, zj, K jr, wek we` vjq, gmwr`, gv`&ivmv, g³e, C`Mvn&, Kei vb, cöf wz cöwzôvb cwipvwjz n q Avm Q Gme IqvK&d cöwzôvb ^í cwim i ev AvÂwjKfv e mgvr mevi ÿ Î iæz c~y f~wgkv cvjb K i hv Q cvk fviz Dcgnv ` k 1913 mv j RvixK Z IqvK&d fwj WwUs G v ±i gva g IqvK&d cö_g ^xk wz jvf Ki ji g~jz 1934 mv j Bangal Waqf Act e j IqvK&d cökvmb cöwzôv jvf K i IqvK&d cökvmb K Av iv MwZkxj I hym cvhymx Kivi wbwg Ë 1962 mv j IqvK&d Aa v `k Rvix Kiv nq 1987 mv ji evsjv `k cwimsl vb eÿ ivi Rwic Abyhvqx ` k gvu 1,50,593 wu IqvK&d G Ui g a gvî 15,000 wu G U IqvK&d cökvm b ZvwjKvfy³ Av Q evsjv ` k IqvK&d m úwëmg~n mvaviyz gmwr`, gv`&ivmv, C`Mvn&, Kei vb, `imvn&, gvhvi, `vze wpwkrmvjq, dmjx Rwg, `vkvb-cvu I evmv-evwo BZ vw`i g a mxgve G wecyj msl K IqvK&d K h_vh_fv e Ges AvbyôvwbK iƒc`v bi cwikíbv MÖnY Kiv n j Zv `vwi`ª we gvpb I mgvr cwiez b GK bxie wecøe NUv Z mÿg n e Avgv `i ` ki A_ bxwz g~jz cuywrev`x I we `kx mvnvh wbf i G ` ki cövq 87% gvbyl gymwjg niqv m Ë I A_ bwzk cwikíbvq Bmjv gi A_ e e v I Gi ^ Qvg~jK LvZ cy ivcywi D cwÿz Bmjv gi hvkvz, wdz&iv I IqvK&d BZ vw` cöwzôvbmg~ ni m vebv K iii
Avgiv h_vh_fv e Kv R jvmv Z cvwiwb `vwi`ª we gvp bi j ÿ mikv ii bvbv D ` v Mi cvkvcvwk `kx I we `kx eû GbwRI, e w³ I cöwzôvb cöwz eqi nvrvi nvrvi KvwU UvKv LiP K i wkš `vwi`ª we gvpb m e n Q bv Gi KviY mwvk cwikíbvi Afve, mgš^qnxbzv, `yb xwz Ges `vwi`ª we gvpb Kg m~px Z G ` ki gvby li ag xq I gvbwek g~j ev ai Abycw wz A_P G ` ki gvby li Abyf~wZ K mwvkfv e Dcjwä K i GKwU elg nxb A_ bwzk KvVv gv M o Zvjv LyeB Riæix Gi mv _ hvm Ki Z n e ÔK vk IqvK&dÕ e e v, hv ez gvb mg q `vwi`ª we gvp bi ÿ Î AZ ší iæz c~y I köô g Wj we ewpz n Z cv i `vwi`ª we gvp bi j ÿ GwU n Z cv i ÿz`ªfy ( Microcredit) Ges mvgvwrk cuywr MV bi eo Drm gymwjg D vni mvgvwrk cuywr, AeKvVv gv I gvbe-m ú` Dbœq bi Rb K vk IqvK& di e vck cöpjb GKvšÍ cö qvrb Avq-K ii wekí wn m ei GwU e eüz n Z cv i ez gv b OIC (Organiz ation of Islamic Co-Operation)- Z 57wU gymwjg ivóª i q Q Ab vb ` ki AwfÁZvi Av jv K G ` ki A_ bxwz K ^vej ^x I UKmB Dbœq bi avivq cušqv bvi cwikíbv MªnY Kiv mg qi Awbevh `vex IqvK&d G Umg~n K hy MvchyMx Kivi j ÿ 1962 mv ji IqvK&d Aa v ` ki ms vi ez gv b LyeB Riæix G AvB b my `i ms kølmn Av iv ek wkqz wewa-weavb IqvK& di MwZkxjZvi c _ AšÍivq m wó K i Pj Q wefvmxq I wkqz Rjvq bv g gvî IqvK&d Awdm Pvjy i q Q A_P IqvK&d cökvm bi Dci b Í `vwqz I IqvK&d Kvh µg ` ki cöz ší AÂj ch ší we Í Z `xn w` bi Ae njv, Abby gvw`z Rbej, IqvK&d `wjj I m úwëi wewfbœag x ˆewkó I RwUjZv, gvgjv ïbvbxi mbvzb c wz, IqvK&d Av`vj Zi wepvivaxb wel q `Iqvbx Av`vj Z kiyvcbœ niqvi AeKvk _vkv BZ vw` bvbvwea KviY IqvK&d cökvmb K MwZkxj Kivi c _ AšÍivq Rei`Lj, eavbbxfv e n ÍvšÍi, `yb xwz I cökvmwbk `ye jzvi Kvi Y eû IqvK&d G U wejxb I AwbqgZvwš K fv e Pj Q cö qvrbxq Z_ msmön, IqvK&d G Ui Avq-e qi wnmve wbixÿvkiy, ZvwjKv ewnf ~Z IqvK&d m úwë BZ vw` bvbv mgm v we` gvb evsjv `k IqvK&d cökvm bi MwZkxjZvi cwicš x mgm vmg~n wpwýz K i Zv mgvavb Kivi Kvh Ki c` ÿc bqv AZ vek K Kbbv IqvK&d K GKwU ^vej ^x I mdj ms v wn m e M o Zvjvi wecyj m vebv i q Q G m vebv K h_vh_fv e Kv R jvmv bv M j gvbe Kj v Y AwaKnv i e q Kiv m e n e m ÿ Î G LvZ K mikv ii gqv`x Dbœqb cwikíbvi cwic~ik ms v wn m e MY Kiv LyeB hyw³m½z n e G Z GKw` K hgb mgv Ri wqbœg~j, fvm vnz I wbt ^ gvbyl AwaK nv i DcK Z n e, Aciw` K Zgwb RvZxq iv
cöe w i m~pki e o hv e Gfv e IqvK& d wbwnz AwgZ m vebv I ewa Z Avq wkÿv, ^v I `vwi`ª we gvpb m e vcwi ` ki Av_ -mvgvwrk Dbœq bi ÿ Î iæz c~y fywgkv ivl e evsjv ` k IqvK&d e e v mikvwi I emikvwi Kvb ch v qb Zgb iæz jvf K iwb `vwi`ª `~ixki Yi ÿ Î Ggb GKwU Kvh Ki I iæz c~y wel q Av jvpbv, mfv- mwgbvi, jlv- jwl ev M elyvkg bb ej jb P j GgbwK IqvK&d wel q evsjv fvlvq Zgb Kvb D jøl hvm ebcîi cviqv hvq bv Aviwe, D` y I Bs iwr fvlvq wkqz wkqz eb-cȳ ÍK _vk ji Zv `y úªvc d j IqvK&d wel q cvvk `i cö qvrbxq Ávb jvf Kivi my hvm hgb mxwgz Zgwb D PZi cvvk-m elk `i Rb cö qvrbxq Z_ msmöni GK Kómva welq hvi gy LvgyLx G M elk KI n Z n q Q Awfm `f wu cöyq b Z_ I DcvËmg~n IqvK& di cöavb Kvh vj qi ikw cî, bw_cî, mikvwi Av `k, mvkz jvi, wewa Ges 1962 mv ji IqvK&d Ava v `k _ K msmön Kiv n q Q K qkwu IqvK&d G U cwi`k bkv j G Ui gyzviqvwjø I `imvn&/ gvhvi e e vcbv KwgwUi Kg KZ v / m`m `i wbku _ K cöv_wgk DcvË cviqv M Q evsjv `k cwimsl vb eÿ iv KZ K ` ki IqvK&d G Umg~ ni Dci cwipvwjz 1987 mv ji Rwi ci Z_ vw` h _ó mnvqk n q Q wewfbœ e vsk Kg KZ v `i `qv Z_, e vs Ki cöm c±vm I wbqg-wewa m~î _ K mnvqzv bqv n q Q GQvov B Uvi b Ui gva g ek wkqz cöeü, MÖš I Rvb vj n Z Ges wewfbœ MÖš vmv i iwÿz ebcî, mvgwqkx _ K cö qvrbxq Z_ msmön Kiv n q Q g~jz Dch y³ welq jv we epbv I ch v jvpbv K ib Awfm `f wu ipbv Kiv n q Q Av jvpbvi myweav _ I cvv Ki wbku AwaKZi evamg K i Zvjvi Rb Awfm `f wu gvu cuvpwu Aa v q wef³ K i cöwzwu Aa vq K cö qvrbxq msl K cwi Q ` web Í Kiv n q Q cö_g Aa vq : cö_g Aa vq K 2wU cwi Q ` fvm K i Av jvpbv Kiv n q Q cö_g cwi Q ` IqvK& di msáv I cwiwpwz Gi D Ïk -jÿ, welqe, köwy wefvm Ges iæz Av jvpbv Kiv n q Q wøzxq cwi Q ` Bmjv g IqvK&d e e vi g~jbxwz jv wb q Av jvpbv Kiv n q Q IqvK& di kz vejx, wbqgvejx, IqvK& di weavb I IqvK&d cwipvjbv Kvh µg BZ vw` kixôavn& m Z wewae wbqg-kvbyb Zz j aiv n q Q wøzxq Aa vq : wøzxq Aa vqi 2wU cwi Q ` fvm K i Av jvpbv Kiv n q Q cö_g cwi Q ` gvbe Kj vy I Rb mev m ú K Bmjv gi gšwjk ` wófw½, Bmjv g gvbekj vy wb ` kbv I v
gvbe Kj vy cöwzôvbvw` h_v- hvkvz, mv`vkvn& I IqvK&d BZ vw` welq Av jvwpz n q Q wøzxq cwi Q ` IqvK& di D e I wekvk, nhiz gynv ` (m.) _ K Avi K i AvaywbK hym ch ší mswÿßvkv i Av jvpbv Kiv n q Q Ges Gi mv _ AZxZ HwZ n i wb`k b ^iƒc wkqz RbKj vyg~jk IqvK&d Kvh µgi Zz j aiv n q Q Z Zxq Aa vq : Z Zxq Aa vq K 3wU cwi Q ` fvm K i Av jvpbv Kiv n q Q cö_g cwi Q ` evsjv ` k Bmjv gi AvMgb, cvk-fviz Dcgnv ` k IqvK& di Ae v Ges evsjv ` k IqvK& di BwZe Ë ey bv Kiv n q Q wøzxq cwi Q ` evsjv ` k IqvK&d cökvm bi Kvh µg, IqvK&d AvB bi cuf~wg, wefvm I RjvwfwËK IqvK&d-cÖkvmb KvVv gv, IqvK& di Avw_ K ms køl, IqvK&d cökvm Ki `vwqz -KZ e I mÿgzv BZ vw` welq Zz j aiv n q Q Z Zxq cwi Q ` evsjv ` k K vk IqvK&d Kvh µg, Gi D Ïk, K vk IqvK& di D e, wekvk I iæz Ges mvm vj Bmjvgx e vsk wjwg UW I Bmjvgx e vsk evsjv `k wjwg UWmn gvu 4wU e vs Ki K vk IqvK&d Kvh µg Ges me k l K vk IqvK&d K ÿz`ªfy I AvqK ii wekí wn m e e envi Ges Gi me Rbxb iƒc, ^ Qv mev Lv Zi wek vqb Z_v wek mvgvwrk e vsk cöwzôvi cö qvrbxqzv BZ vw` welq Av jvpbv Kiv n q Q PZz_ Aa vq : G Aa vq K `yõwu cwi Q ` fvm K i cö_g cwi Q ` IqvK& d we` gvb mgm v I MwZkxjZvi c _ AšÍivqmg~n wpwýz Kivi Póv Kiv n h Q wøzxq cwi Q ` IqvK&d G Umg~n myôzfv e cwipvjbv I MwZkxj Kivi j ÿ mgvavb I KwZcq mycvwik Zz j aiv n q Q câg Aa vq : câg Aa vq wzbwu cwi Q ` wef³ K i cö_g cwi Q ` evsjv ` ki Rbgvb m a g i cöfve Ges Bmjv gi A_ bwzk wbivcëv, mn hvwmzvi aviyv I evsjv ` k Zvi cöfve Av jvpbv Kiv n q Q wøzxq cwi Q ` IqvK& di MŠi ev¾ j HwZn, evsjv ` ki Av_ -mvgvwrk Dbœq b IqvK& di f~wgkv, nvg`` (IqvK&d) evsjv `k I wgicyi kvn& Avjx (i.) gvhvi IqvK&d G Ui Kvh µg ms ÿ c Zz j aiv n q Q Z Zxq cwi Q ` evsjv ` k Av_ -mvgvwrk Dbœq b IqvK& di iæz, IqvK& di fwel r I AwgZ m vebv Ges mgwš^z Dbœq bi cö qvrbxqzv Zz j aiv n q Q cwi k l Dcmsnvi Ges mnvqk MÖš vejxi GKwU ZvwjKv ms hvrb K i Awfm `f wui mgvwß Uvbv n q Q G _ K mvaviy ev vcvvk I cªvmªmi wkÿv_ xmy m e vcwi Z_ -DcvË müvbx M elkmy wecyjfv e DcK Z n e, GUvB wek vm vi
cö_g Aa vq IqvK&d cwiwpwz I bxwzgvjv cö_g cwi Q` : IqvK&d cwiwpwz IqvK&d-Gi msáv I cwiwpwz Aviwe kã eû ep b ÔAvIKvdÕ ( ) Z e ÔgvIK~dÕ ( ) ev ÔIqvK&d m úwëõ A _ kãwu me vwak e eüz wn`vqv MÖš vkv ii g Z Gi AvwfavwbK A_ Ave Kiv ( ) 1 Bgvg mvivl&mxi g Z Gi A_ cöwz iva Kiv ev weiz ivlv (Prevent or Restrain), wbe wë ev AvUK ivlv ( Confinement or Detention), evav `qv, mshz Kiv, `vb Kiv BZ vw` 2 Avjøvgv Ievq`yjøvni g Z, Kvb m ú` Avjøvn&i bv g wbw` ó K i `qvb IqvK&d 3 Ahmed Raissouni-Gi g Z, ÒWaqf means forbidding movement, transport or exchange of something 4 evsjv wcwwqvq D jøl Av Q, IqvK&d kãwui AvÿwiK A_ Pzw³ ev DrmM e w³mz gvwjkvbv _ K gy³ Kvb m úwë wbivc ` wndvrz Kiv 5 Ariff Mohamed Gi g Z, ÒA waqf, also spelled wakf, (Arabic:,وقف pronounced [ˈwɑqf]; plural Arabic:,أوقاف awqāf; Turkish: vakif, Urdu: (وقف is, under the context of 'sadaqah', an inalienable religious endowment in Islamic law, typically donating a building or plot of land or even cash for Muslim we.), ) mvbwq ` Avgxi Avjx, AvBbyj wn`vqv ( jv nvi: Kvb~bx KzZzeLvbv, Zv. الوقف لغة ھو الحبس) 1. 2q LÐ, c. 241 2. Bgvg kvgmywïb Avm mvivl&mx, Avj gvem~z (ˆeiæZ: `viæj gvôavwidv, 1978), 12Zg LÐ, c. 27 ) Avjøvgv Ievq`yjøvn, kviûj wekvqv ( `Ie `: gvk&zvev Z حبس العین على ملك االله تعال) 3. ingvwbqv, Zv. we.), 2q LÐ, c. 350 4. Ahmed Raissouni, Islamic Òwaqf Endowment Scope and Implications, ISESCO, Rabat, Morocco, 2001, p. 13 5. m úv`bv cwil`, evsjv wcwwqv (XvKv: evsjv `k GwkqvwUK mvmvbwu, 2003), 2q LÐ, c. 946.
religious or charitable purposes. The donated assets are held by a charitable trust. The grant is known as mushrut-ul-khidmat, while a person making such dedication is known as wakif. Ó 1 evsjv GKv Wgx Awfav b IqvK&d k ãi A_ Kiv n q Q, cy Y i D Ï k cö`ë `vb; GK cökvi DBj (IqvK&d K i gvbe mevq wewj q `qv) Avjøvn&i bv g cö`ë `vbcî ev `wjj 2 Bs iwr Z ejv nq, Grant for religons purpose (A_ vr `xwb D Ï k ^Z:ù~Z fv e `vb KivB IqvK&d) gymwjg AvB bi cwifvlvq Gi A_ m úwëi Avq K Kvb cweî Kv R DrmM Kiv, iÿv Kiv, GwU K Z Zxq e w³i gvwjkvbvfy³ n Z evav `qv 3 kixôav Zi cwifvlvq IqvK& di msáv nj IqvK&dKvixi gvwjkvbvq m ú` AvUK i L m ú `i Dc hvm Ac ii Rb `vb Kiv Bgvg Avey nvwbdvi (i.) g Z, Ò Kvb wbw` ó e Z IqvK&dKvixi gvwjkvbv Ave i L Zvi Avq `wi `ªi Rb wksev Ab Kvb mr D Ï k DrmM Kiv K IqvK&d e j Ó 4 A_ vr IqvK&d n Q A b i DcKv ii Rb vqxfv e DrmM K Z h Kvb A_ -m ú`, hvi AwR Z Avq Øviv IqvwK di wb ` wkz Bmjvgx kixôavaxb mywbw` ó jÿ c~i Y e q Kiv nq IqvK&d Aa v `k 1962 Gi msávbymv i, ÒWaqf means the permanent dedication, by a person professing Islam, of any movable or immovable property for any purpose recognised by the Muslim law as pious, religious charitable and includes any other endowment or grant for the aforesaid purposes, a waqf by a user and a waqf created by a non-muslims. Ó 5 (A_ vr IqvK&d n jv Bmjvg a g `xwÿz Kvb e w³ Øviv Kvb vei ev A vei m úwë gymwjg AvB b ^xk Z Kvb ag ev `vze D Ï k wpiz i DrmM Kiv 1. Ariff Mohamed, The Islamic voluntary sector in Southeast Asia, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1991, p. 42, ISBN 981-3016-07-8 2. m úv`k gûjx, e envwik evsjv Awfavb ( XvKv: evsjv GKv Wgx, 2007), c. 199 3. Bgvg kvgmywïb Avm mvivlmx, cöv ³, c. 27 ) gynv ` DevB` Avj وھو فى الشرع عند ابى حنیفة حبس العین على ملك الواقف والتصدق با لمنفعة (.4 KzevBmx, AvnKv g IqvK&d wdm kixôavzxj Bmjvwgqv (evm`v`: 1977), 1g LÐ, c. 66 5. S. A. Hasan, The Waqf Ordinance 1962 (Dhaka: Bangladesh law Book Company, 1999), p. 103 2
GKB D Ï k Kvb Agymwjg `vb Ki ji Zv Gi AšÍfz ³ n e ) Dictionary of Islam- G ejv n q Q, ÒWaqf lit. ÒStanding, shopping, healting. A term which, in the language of the law, signifies the appropriation or dedication of property to charitable uses and the service of God. An endowment. The object of such an endowment of appropriation must be of a perpetual nature, and such property or land cannot be sold or transferred. 1 Bgvg Avey BDm~d (i.) I Bgvg gy nv `i (i.) g Z, ÒIqvK&d n Q Kvb m ú `i ^Z Avjøvn&i gvwjkvbvq Gfv e Ave Kiv h, H m ú `i gybvdv `vzvi cq ` Abyhvqx Avjøvn&i ev `viv fvm Ki e Ó 2 IqvK& di msáv w` Z wm q cöl vz Bmjvgx A_ bxwzex` W. gb Ri Kvn&d (Monzer kahf) e j Qb, ÒFrom the Shariah point of view, a waqf may be defined as holding a maal (asset) and preventing its consumption for the purpose of repeatedly extracting its usufruct for the benifit of an objective reprenting righteousness/philanthropy. Hence a waqf is a continuously usufruct giving asset as long as its principle is preserved. Preservation of principal may result from its own nature, for example, as in land or from arrangements and conditions prescribed by the waqf founder. 3 Encyclopedia of Religion- G IqvK&d m ú K ejv n q Q, ÒThe Arabic term waqf (pl. a wqaf) refers to the act of dedicating property to a Muslim foundation and by extension, also means the endowment thus created-the meaning of the Arabic word is ÒStop ; 1. Thomas patrick hughes, A Dictionary of Islam (Lahore: premier Book house, 1964), p. 664 2. gynv ` Devq`yjøvn Avj KzevBm, cöv ³, c. 76 3. Monzer kahf, Financing the Development of Awqaf Property, The American journal of Islamic social sciences (Economics) Vol- 6, No- 4, 1999, p. 41 3
that is, stop from being treated as ordinary property. The property is then said to be mawquf. In the law of Sunni Maliki School and hence is North west Africa, the terminoloty is Ôhabis or Ôhubs, meaning Òretention. To create a Ôwaqf, the legitimate owner of a property must state that it is blocket in perpetuity, inlienably and irrevocably, for the purpose of pleasing God, The property in waqf there by becomes the sole property of God, according to the majority opinion among Muslim School of thouhgt, while income or usufruct passes to a designated beneficiary such as a School, dervish convent, hospital or mosque. According to some authorities (e. g. the Maliki School), the property in waqf remains the possession of the founder and his heirs, but they are blocked form the usual rights of ownership. 1 Bmjvgx wek Kv l IqvK& di msávq ejv n q Q, ÒIqvK&d ej Z Ggb e eysvq hvi gvwjk H e i gvwjkvbv ^Z I Avq G k Z Z vm K i h H e i gvwjkvbv ^Z Aÿzbœ _vk e Ges Zvi Drcbœ Avq kixôavn& m Z mrkv R e q n e h AvBbvbyM cöwµqv I c wz Øviv G ai Yi `vb m úvw`z nq cök Zc ÿ Zv KB IqvK&d ejv nq Ó 2 1913 mv ji fvi Zi gymjgvb IqvK&d ˆeaKiY AvB bi cö`ë msáv Abyhvqx IqvK&d ejv nq Ò Kvb gymjgvb KZ K Zvi m úwëi Kvb Ask Ggb Kv Ri Rb vqxfv e `vb Kiv hv gymwjg AvB b Ôag xq, cweî ev mevg~jkõ wn m e ^xk Z Ó 3 ivgvb AvB b Ôm úwë Ac YÕ Ges wn `y AvB b Ô`vbÕ IqvK&d Gi mgzzj 4 gv jkx `i g a Z_v gi v, Avj Rwiqv Ges wzdwb m G cökvi cö`ë e K mvaviyz ÔûeymÕ A_ev ms ÿ c ÔûemÕ (evav `qv mshz Kiv) ejv nq 1. Mircea Eliade, Encyclopedia of Religion, N. Y. 1986, p. 337-338 2. mswÿß Bmjvgx wek Kvl, 1g LÐ (XvKv: BmjvwgK dvd Ûkb evsjv `k, 1987), c. 241 3. The Indian statute, Mussalman Wakf Validating Act of 1913 defined a wakf as:... a permanent dedication by a person professing the Mussalman faith of any property for any purpose recognized by the Mussalman law as religious, pious or charitable. ( Fyzee, A., Outlines of Muhammadan Law, 4th Ed. Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1974, pp. 274-274) 4. evsjv wcwwqv, 2q LÐ, cöv ³, c. 94 4
GRb B IqvK& di divmx AvBbMZ cwifvlv Hobows ( nv evm) 1 cweî KziAv bi wewfbœ v b I wewfbœ cöm ½ AvZ xq, cöwz ekx Ges `wi`ª K ^ QvcÖ Yvw`Zfv e Avw_ K mnvqzv cö`v bi ZvwM` `qv n q Q ivm~jyjøvn& (m.) wewfbœ nvw` m Mwie, wgmwkb, AvZ xq- ^Rb I cvov-cöwz ekx `i gy³ n Í `vb Kivi Dc `k w` q Qb G PZbv _ KB IqvK& &di m wó Bmjvgx cwifvlvq IqvK&d-Gi A_ n jv `vze D Ï k cö`ë Kvb m úwë e envi K i Zvi Avq _ K DcK Z ev jvfevb niqv Ges g~j m úwë n ÍvšÍi _ K weiz _vkv 2 AvB bi G e vl vq Av iv ejv n q Q, Bmjvgx AvBb Aby gvw`z Kvb ag xq Kv R A_ev h Kvb mr I `vze D Ï k GKRb gymjgvb KZ K cö`ë vqx m úwë n jv IqvK&d mgkvjxb AvB bi msáv Abymv i, Ò Kvb gnr D Ï k e w³mz Kj v Y A_ev mgwómz Kj v Y wb qvwrz cökí A_ev cöwzôvb jvfrbk Z_v Avq Drcv`K Kvb wkqz `vb Kiv K IqvK&d ejv nq Ó 4 Avi `vb K i `qv m úwë KL bv n ÍvšÍi hvm wksev µq-weµ qi Rb e envi hvm we ewpz n e bv Bmjv gi wøzxq Lwjdv nhiz Dgi (iv.) Lvqevi hy i ci MwbgZ wnmv e cövß Zuvi AZ ší g~j evb GKLÛ Rwg `vb K i `qvi cöv v j gnvbex nhiz gynv ` (m.)-gi civgk PvB j gnvbex (m.) Zuv K ej jb, ÒZzwg Ggbfv e GwU mv`vkvn Ki h, Zv wewµ Kiv hv e bv, `vb Kiv hv e bv, DËivwaKvix `i g a e Ub Kiv n e bv; eis Gi Dc hvm I Drcv`b e q Kiv n e 4 nhiz Dgi (iv.) D ³ kz vax b Zuvi m úwëwu `wi`ª, AvZ xq- ^Rb, `vm gy³ Kiv, gymvwdi, AwZw_ mev I Ab vb mr Kv Ri Rb IqvK&d K ib wzwb e jb h, gyzviqvwjø (ZË veavqk) G _ K Zvi cö qvrbxq Lvi cvk wb Z cvi eb GgbwK b vqm½z fv e wb Ri eüz-evüe `ii LvIqv Z cvi eb Z e wzwb Zv n Z mâq Ki Z cvi eb bv 5 e Z nhiz Dgi (iv.) Gi IqvK& di g a h me welq D jøl Kiv n q Q, GwUB n jv IqvK& di h_v_ msáv A_ vr Kvb m ú` gnvb Avjøvni bv g IqvK&d Kiv n j Zvi Avq dwkiwgmwkb, gymvwdi, FYMÖ Í, AvZ xq- ^Rb GwZg ev RbKj v Y e q Ki Z n e 1. mswÿß Bmjvgx wek Kvl, 1g LÐ, cöv ³, c. 241 2. cö dmi W. Gg. G. gvbœvb, bxie A_ bwzk wecøe: wekí wpšívaviv ( XvKv: g`xbv cvewj KkÝ, 2004), c. 111 3. cö dmi W. Gg. G. gvbœvb, cöv ³, c. 111 ) mnxn eylvix I mnxn gymwjg, m~î: Kvgvj DwÏb تصدق لایباع ولایوھب ولایورث ولكن تنفع ثمرتھ ( 4. gynv `, dvzûj Kv`xi, 6ô LÐ (cvwk Ívb: Avj-gvK&Zvev Avj iwkw`qv, Kv quv, 1985), c. 205 5. wndryi ingvb (Aby: Avãyj AvDqvj), Bmjv gi A_ bwzk e e v ( XvKv: Bdvev, 1998), c. 296 5
g~j m ú` weµq wksev `vb Kiv hv e bv Ges whwb IqvK&d K i Qb Zvi DËivwaKvix `i g a e UbI Kiv hv e bv IqvK&d Øviv IqvK&dKvixi AwaKvi wbt kl n q gvwjkvbvwu Avjøvn&i wbku P j hvq whwb IqvK&d K ib Zuv K IqvwKd Ges hvi Dci IqvK&d cwipvjbvi `vwqz Ac Y Kiv nq Zvu K gyzviqvwjø ejv nq Bmjvgx AvBb cö YZvMY IqvK& di msávq h welqwu AZ ší ` p I úó K i e j Qb Zv n jv IqvK&dK Z m ú ` DcKvi fvmx Kvb cökvi n Í ÿc Ki Z cvi e bv KejgvÎ DcKvi fvm Ki Z cvi e Kbbv g~j m ú `i Dci Kvb cökvi n Í ÿc ˆea bq G Rb Zv µq-weµq Kiv hvq bv invbi (eük) ivlv hvq bv wnev * Kiv hvq bv A_ev wgiv mi ** wfwë Z e UbI Kiv hvq bv 1 D jøwlz msávmg~ ni mvi K_v n Q, mvaviyfv e Kvb gymwjg KZ K Zvi ab-m ú `i mgỳ q ev AvswkK gvbe Kj v Yi D Ï k vqxfv e Avjøvn&i iv Ívq `vb Kivi c wz K Bmjvgx weavb g Z IqvK&d e j kixôav Zi cwifvlvq Kvb e Avjøvn&i gvwjkvbvq i L Zvi Drcv`b ev Dc hvm K Mwie `i g a wksev h Kvb Kj vyki Lv Z vqxfv e `vb Kiv K IqvK&d ejv nq IqvK& di cwiwpwz I Gi gšwjk ewkó (Characteristic of waqf) Zz j ai Z wm q Waqf Management in Islam-G ejv n q Q, i. ÒPerpetuity-In a waqf the property is settled permanently so that its retract is always available for an identifies period. There can not be waqf for a limited period. * ÔwnevÕ A_ - `vb, Dcnvi, Bmjv gi weavb g Z m úwë `vb ev `vbcî BZ vw` wnev ev `vb n jv Awej ^ Ges Kvb wkqzi wewbgq Qvov m úwë n ÍvšÍi 1982 mv ji m úwë n ÍvšÍi AvB bi 122 avivq ejv n q Q, h Kvb e w³ ^ Qv cö Yvw`Zfv e Ges Kvbiƒc cöwz`vb MªnY bv K i Kvb vei wksev A vei m úwë Ab Kvb e w³ K n ÍvšÍi Ki j Ges m e w³ A_ev Zvi c ÿ Ab KD Zv MªnY Ki j mwu wnev ev `vb e j we ewpz n e (m~î: Gm.G. nvmvb, IqvK&d Aa v `k, XvKv: evsjv `k jõ eyk Kv úvbx, 2004, c. 5) ** ÔwgivmÕ A_ -Iqv iwm m úwë ev DËivwaKvi GK e w³i wbku n Z Ab e w³i wbku ev GK RvwZ n Z Aci RvwZi wbku Kvb wkqz vbvšíwiz niqv, Zv m ú` nvk wksev Ávb-weÁvb ev Ab wkqz kixôav Zi cwifvlvq g Z e w³i cwiz ³ m úwëi gvwjkvbv Zvi RxweZ Iqvwim `i wbku vbvšíwiz niqv K wgivm ejv nq (m~î: Avj gviqvwim wdk kixôavwzj Bmjvwgq vn, c. 31-32) 1. Avey hvniv, gynvhvivz wdj IqvK&d (Kvq iv: `viæj wdwki Avj Aviwe, 1976), c. 39 6
ii. Non transferability-when a waqf is created, the property vested in the implied ownership of god. The result is that its property becomes non transferable. Even according to Abu Hanifa, who holds that property does not vest in god, the founder has no right to transfer the waqf property. iii. Irrevocability -Once it is created, the waqf can not be revoked. As the property is deemed to vest in god, the waqf can not revoke it subsequently. iv. Absoluteness -The settlement of the property in waqf is unconditional and absolute. A conditional on contingent waqf is void. v. Religions or charitable use of usufruct -The produce and benefits of the waqf property are utilized only for such purposes which are recognized as religions, pious or charitable under Muslim law. Ó 1 GK K_vq A b i DcKv ii Rb vqxfv e DrmM K Z m ú` KB IqvK&d e j g~jz IqvK&d Ggb GKwU cy Y i KvR hv Øviv gvbyl wb Ri Bn jšwkk I cvi jšwkk Kj vy wbwðz Ki Z cv i IqvK&d I `vb-mv`vkvn& jb ` bi ˆewk ó i mv` k i Kvi Y A b KB IqvK&d, mv`vkvn& Ges `vb K Awfbœ g b K i _v Kb wkš cök Zc ÿ mv`vkvni ev `v bi mv _ IqvK& di cv_ K i q Q Kbbv mv`vkvn&i ÿ Î m ú `i g~j Ask I jvf DfqB n ÍvšÍi nq, wkš IqvK& di ÿ Î g~j m ú` _ K hvq ïay gybvdv myweav fvmx `i (Beneficiaries) AwaKv i P j hvq `v bi ÿ Î Kvb we epbv ( Consideration) QvovB m ú `i gvwjkvbv GK e w³i wbku _ K Ab e w³i wbku P j hvq wkš IqvK& di ÿ Î g~j m ú` Aewkó _v K Ges IqvwK di D Ïk Abyhvqx Zvi gybvdv e q Kiv nq 1. www.assignmentpoint.com/arts/social-science/waqf-management-islam.html, p. 2 7
G cöm ½ W. Gg G gvbœvb e jb, ÒFrom the very nature of its transaction, waqf may be seen as a kind of Sadaqah. But what distinguishes it from Sadaqah is that in the case of Sadaqah, the substance is transferred and also the profits. In waqf, however, the substance is retained but the profits go to the beneficiaries of the waqf. Similarly, the difference between waqf and a gift is that, in the case of a gift, the substance is transferred from one person to another person without consideration but a waqf is for a consideration, that is, religious merit. Clearly, waqf revenue cannot be regarded as Zakat which is obligatory and its eight heads of expenditure are specified in the Holy Qur ān. Ó 1 IqvK&d Ges Uªv GKBfv e IqvK&d Ges Uªv i g a I cv_ K i q Q IqvK& di g~j D Ïk Avjøvn&i iv Ívq `vb Ab w` K Uªw Zvi B Qv gvwdk h Kvb D Ï k Uªv MVb Ki Z cv ib GQvov IqvK&d kvk Z I wpišíb wkš Uªv wpišíb n Z n e ev agx q D Ï k B n Z n e Ggb Kvb eva evakzv bb G cöm ½ W. Gg G gvbœvb e jb, ÒThat a waqf must also be distinguished from Trust. In a waqf, the property is vested in God, while in a Trust it is vested in the Trustee. Unlike a waqf, in a Trust, it is not necessary that a Trust must be perpetual, irrevocable or inalienable or made with a pious or religious motive. Waqf can, however, be created in favor of both affluent and indigent alike, or in favor of family or indigent exclusively, although pious and religious motives become the predominant concern of awqāf endowments. Ó 2 1. M.A. Mannan, Cash-waqf Certificate Global Opportunities for Developing the Social Capital Market in 21st-Century University. 1999. pp. 243-256 2. M. A. Mannan, Ibid, pp. 243-256 8 Voluntary-sector Banking,Harvard
IqvK&d-Gi D Ïk I jÿ IqvK&d Gi D Ïk gvbekj vy I mgvr mev Gi jÿ n Q Avjøvn&i mš wó AR bi gva g Bn jšwkk kvwší I cvi jšwkk gyw³ jvf Kiv `vb * Ges DB ji ** gva gi cvi jšwkk Kj vy I Bn jšwkk L vwz ev RbwcÖqZv AR b Kiv hvq wkš me ve vq IqvK& di gh v`v m e v P IqvK& di gva g hw`i mybvg, myl vwz ev RbwcÖqZv AR b Kiv hvq Z_vwc KD hw` wbqk Gme Amr D Ï k IqvK&d K ib Z e Zv Avjøvn&i wbku MªnY hvm n e bv GgbwK IqvK&d Kivi ci Zv A b i wbku e j eov ji Zvi G `vb wbõj n Z eva 1 IqvK&d me ve vq wpi vqx I Kj vyki D Ï k n Z n e A vqx wksev ÿy vqx D Ïk mva bi Rb IqvK&d Kiv hvq bv GgbwK câvk eq ii Rb I IqvK&d Kiv ˆea bq gvby li Ag½j nq ev n Z cv i Ggb Kvb ÿ Î ev D Ï k IqvK&d Kiv hvq bv 2 IqvK&d gvby li Kj v Yi Rb n Z n e, Aciva e w i Rb bq G Kvi Y gw `i, wmr v BZ vw` wbg v Yi Rb IqvK&d Kiv ˆea bq we kl Kvb D Ï k IqvK&d Kiv n j Zv mvwaz bv n j IqvK&d bó wksev Awm nq bv; eis IqvwK di AwfcÖvq I D Ï k i KvQvKvwQ h Kvb Kv R IqvK&d m úwëi gybvdv e q Kiv hvq 3 Z e IqvK& di D Ïk mȳ úó I mywbw` ó niqv evãbxq Ab _vq D Ï k i AwbðqZvi Kvi Y IqvK&d evwzj n q h Z cv i 4 GKvwaK D Ïk mva bi Rb IqvK&d Kiv n j Ges Gi GKwU ˆea Ges AciwU A ea (Bmjvgx kixôa vn Abyhvqx) we ewpz n j m ÿ Î mg Í m úwëb ˆea D Ï k e q Ki Z n e Bmjvgx kixôavn Abymv i ^xk Z h Kvb D Ï k IqvK&d Kiv h Z cv i * Ô`vbÕ- mg Í ^Z vwakvimn m ú` wpiw` bi Rb `vb MªnxZvi eive i n ÍvšÍi Kiv K `vb ejv nq `v bi ÿ Î h Kvb kz AKvh Ki ** ÔDBjÕ- DBj ev Awmq Z Gi kvwãk A_ Av `k `vb, fvi Ac Y cwifvlvq Kvb e w³ Zvi g Zÿ ciezx Kv ji Rb KvD K Kvb wkqzi gvwjkvbv cö`vbv _ h wb ` k cö`vb K ib Zv KB DBj ev Awmq Z ejv nq GUv DBjKvixi RxeÏkvq ev Zvi g Zz i c i cvj bi Rb I n Z cv i gvu m úwëi GK Z Zxqvs ki ekx Awmq Zi gva g n ÍvšÍi Kiv hvq bv 1. Avj KziAvb, 2 : 264 2. hgb- gw `i, wmr v, c v MvWv, Akøxj bvp, Mvb I wm bgv BZ vw` Giƒc Bmjv g A ea NvwlZ h Kvb wkqzi wbg vy I ZË veav bi Rb IqvK&d Kiv ˆea bq Bmjv gi ` wó Z GKRb AgymwjgI IqvK&d Ki Z cv ib, Z e Zvi cyy jvf Kivi welqwu wbf i Ki e ZvInx ` wek vm Kiv bv Kivi Dci 3. MvRx kvgmyi ingvb, IqvK&d AvB bi fvl (XvKv: jõ eyk nvdr, 1997), c. 86 4. Avwjgy¾vgvb PŠayix, evsjv ` k gymwjg AvBb (XvKv: AewY cökvkbx, 1991), c. 2963. MvRx kvgmyi ingvb, cöv ³, c. 86 9
IqvK& di D Ïk Ggb wkqy n Z n e hv Avjøvn&i mš wó wbwðz Ki Z cv i AwaKvsk Bmjvgx wpšívwe`m Yi g Z IqvK&d m úwëi gybvdv wkÿv cöwzôvb, bigymwjg, gmwr`, nvmcvzvj I mevg~jk cöwzôv b e q n Z n e IqvK&d Gi g~j D Ïk n jv mvgvwrk cuywr MVb wksev mvgvwrk LvZ K A_ vqb Kiv GwU GKwU wbiew Qbœ I wpi vqx mvgvwrk `vze Kg IqvK&d Gi Abb ˆewkó I DcKvwiZv (Advantage) n jv g~j m ú` wpi vqxfv e Aÿybœ i L mlvb _ K AwR Z Avq wewfbœ RbKj vyg~jk Kv R e q Kiv IqvK& di P~ovšÍ j ÿ Mwi ei AwaKv ii wbðqzv _vk Z n e e Z ag xq, wkÿv msµvší ev Ab h Kvb RbwnZKi Kv Ri D Ï k KwZcq kz mv c ÿ e w³mz m úwë IqvK&d Kiv hvq G cöm ½ A_ bxwzex` Rbve nvexe Avn g` e jb, ÒThe objective of waqf may be for the society at large, including the provision of religious services, socio-economic relief to the needy segment, the poor, education, environmental, scientific, and other purposes. Many scholars term the ownership of awqaf assets/properties as if it were owned by God. The founder ( waqif ) determines the objectives for which the property made into waqf can be used and the way its fruits, services and revenues can be distributed. The founder also determines the waqf management and process of succession of managers. The founder can impose any restrictions or qualifications he/she likes on his/her waqf, etc. Most awqaf are perpetual and very often this is emphasized in the waqf deeds. Ó 1 m vi ww Gd gvjøvi gymwjg AvBb Abymv i Bmjv gi ` wó Z IqvK& di D Ïk mg~n wb œiƒc: 2 1. ÁvwZ- Mvwô, GwZg, e `x Ges `ytlx `i Avjøvn&i Iqv Í `vb Kiv Ges AvZ xq I cvl `i fiy cvl Yi e e v Kiv ; 2. gmwr `i msiÿy Z_v Bgvg gyqvw¾b Øviv bvgvr Av`vq Kivi myôz e e v Kiv Ges C`Mv n Abỳ vb `qv ; 3. wkÿv cöwzôvbmg~n msiÿy Ges wkÿk gûjx Øviv wkÿvi mye e v Kiv ; 1. Habib Ahmed, Paper written for the International Seminar on IntegratingAwqaf in the Islamic Financial Sector Singapore, March 6-7, 2007, p 3 2. D. F. Molla, Principles of Mohammadn Law, 14th ed. Calcutta Eastern Law House, 1955, p. 164 10
4. cq:cöyvjx, mzz I mivblvbvi wbgv Ymn myôz e e vcbv wbwðz Kiv 5. nhiz gynv ` (m.) Gi Rb I g Zz evwl Kx h_v hvm gh v`vi mv _ cvj bi gva g Zuvi Rxeb _ K cök Z wkÿv MªnY Kiv ; 6. cweî gnig gv m AwaK nv i `vb-mv`vkvn& Kiv ; 7. `vze wpwkrmvjq, GwZgLvbv, ag xq Ges Ab vb RbKj vyg~jk cöwzôvbv`x h_vh_fv e cwipvjbv I msiÿy Kiv Ges e-iqvwik g Z e w³ `i `vdb-kvd bi e e v Kiv; 8. cweî KziAvb wzjviqvz I wkÿvi e e v Kiv ; 9. IqvwKd I Zvi cwiev ii evrmwik dv Znv m úbœ Kiv ; * 10. g v kix d nvrx `i Rb Ô evivzõ ev webv Li P _vkv LvIqvi e e v Kiv ; 11. Bmjvgx wkÿv m úªmvi Y cö qvrbxq e e v MªnY Kiv ; 12. ag xq cöwzôvbmg~n myôzfv e msiÿ Yi e e v Kiv Waqf Management in Islam-G IqvK& di D Ïk m ú K ejv n q Q, ÒThe purpose for which waqf may be created must be one recognized by the Mohammedan law as religious, pious on charitable The following are valid objects of a waqf: 1. Mosques and provision for imams to conduct worship therein. 2. College and provision for professors to teach in colleges. 3. Aqueducts bridges and caravanserais. 4. Distribution of alms to poor persons, and assistance to the poor to enable them to perform the pilgrimage to macca. 5. Celebrating the birth of Ali murtaza 6. Keeping tazias in month muharram and provision for camels and dulled for religions procession during Muaharram. 7. Repairs of imambarars. 8. The maintenance of a khankah 9. Burning lamps in a mosque 10. Maintenance of poor relations and dependents 1 * Ôdv ZnvÕ A_ g Z e w³e M i AvZ vi g½ ji D Ï k bvgvr Av`vq Kiv Ges Zvmwen& cvv I Mwie- `y:lx K `vb (m~î: XvKv wek we` vjq cwîkv, msl v 76, Ryb 2003, c. 93) 1.www.assignmentpoint.com/arts/social-science/waqf-management-islam.html,p.4 11
GK K_vq IqvK& di D Ïk n Q mgvr mev I gvbezvi Kj vy mva bi gva g `vwi`ª `~i K i mgvr K w wzkxj I fvimvg c~y ivlv Ges Gi jÿ n Q Avjøvn&i mš wó AR bi gva g Bn jšwkk kvwší I cvi jšwkk gyw³ IqvK&d-Gi welq-e h Kvb cökvi vei I A vei m úwë IqvK&d Kiv hvq RwgRgv, evwo-ni, nvmcvzvj, wkÿv cöwzôvb, mvr-miävg, eb-cî, A -k, Rxe-Rš BZ vw` GK K_vq h me wrwbmcî µq-weµq ˆea Ges Zv _ K me `v DcKvi cviqv hvq m me m ú` IqvK&d Kiv ˆea myzivs Kej vei m úwëb bq; eis A vei m úwë, hš_ Kv úvbxi kqvi, mikvwi A½xKvicÎ, GgbwK bm` A_ I IqvK&d Kiv ˆea 1 G cöm ½ Waqf Management in Islam-G ejv n q Q, ÒThe subject of waqf under waqf Act may be any properties. A valid waqf may, there fore, be made only of immovable property, but also of movables, such as shares in joint stock companies government promissory notes and even money. Ó 2 ez gv b K vk IqvK&d ek RbwcÖq n q DV Q evsjv `kmn c w_exi Ab vb gymwjg ` ki Bmjvgx e vskmg~n B Zvg a K vk IqvK&d e e v Pvjy K i Q Kvb A vei m ú` hw` Kvb vei m úwëi Aaxb nq mwuii IqvK&d ˆea hgb Rwgi mv _ lvo, ej`, K wl hš cvwz BZ vw` 3 Rwg IqvK& di ÿ Î Rwg Z hviqvi c_ I cvwb m Pi NvU IqvK& di AšÍf y³ e j MY n e 4 GQvov hw` Kvb ` k w`invg, w`bvi, UvKv-cqmv, Kvco- Pvco, IRb hvm e Ges cwigvy hvm e BZ vw` IqvK&d Kivi wbqg cöpwjz _v K Z e m me ` k H RvZxq e IqvK&d Kiv ˆea Z e G ÿ Î kz n Q IqvK&dK Z g~je Aewkó i L Gi _ K DcKvi bqv hv e 5 1. dvzviqv q AvjgMxix, 2q LÐ (cvwk Ívb: gvk&zvev q gvwrw`qv, Kv quv, Zv. we.), c. 355 2. www.assignmentpoint.com/arts/social-science/waqf-management-islam.html, p. 3 3. dvzviqv q AvjgMxix, 2q LÐ, cöv ³, c. 355 4. kvgx, 6ô LÐ, c. 555 5. cöv ³, 555 12
Waqf Management in Islam-G ejv n q Q, ÒThe property dedicated by way of waqf must belong to the waqif (dedicator) at the time of dedication. A periods who is in fact the owner of the property but is under the benefit that he is only a mutawalli there of is competent to make a valid waqf of the prosperity to make a valued waqf of the property. What is to be seen in such cases is whether or not that person had a power of disposition over the property. Ó 1 IqvK&d-Gi köwy wefvm IqvK&d wzb cökvi 1. IqvK&d-B-wjjøvn&, h m úwëi Avq m ú~y iƒ c ag xq Kv R e q nq gmwr`, gv`&ivmv, g³e, C`Mvn, Kei vb BZ vw` Gi AšÍf y³ 2. IqvK&d-B-Lvqix, hvi Avq m ú~y iƒ c RbKj v Y e q nq 3. IqvK&d-B-Avnjx, hvi Avq IqvK&dKvixi eskai `i g a mgỳ q ev AvswkK e q nq G cöm ½ cöl vz Bmjvgx A_ bxwzex` W. gb Ri Kvn&d e jb, gnvbex (m.) -Gi mg q IqvK& di Kvb köwy wefvm bv _vk ji ciez x Z Bmjvgx cwðzmy IqvK&d K wzb köwb Z fvm K ib wzwb e jb, ÒThrough there was no division or categorization of awqaf in the Prophetic period. But subsequently it was categorized into three types by the scholars of Islam: the religious waqf ( Waqf li-allah), the philanthropic waqf (al -Waqf al-khayrī), and the family waqf (Waqf li al-awlad). Ó 2 1.Religious awqaf or Waqf li-allah establish mosques and provide revenues for the maintenance and operation of mosques. 1. www.assignmentpoint.com/arts/social-science/waqf-management-islam.html, p. 3 2. Monzer Kahf, Waqf and its sociopolitical aspects (1992) [published by Islamic Research and Training Institute (IRTI) of the Islamic Development Bank (IDB), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia] at 20 June 2005, http://monzer.kahf.com 13
2. Philanthropic awqaf or al-waqf al-khayrī are broader in their scope than merely religious awqaf: they are established for the benefit of the poor, as well as for wide-ranging public interests such as basic social services, education, health care, libraries, roads and bridges, and parks - and even for the care of animals. 3. Quite supposedly, the third type of waqf or waqf alal awlād came into existence when some startedto create awqaf not only for the benefit of the needy, but also included a condition that their own children and descendants should have priority to the waqf revenues, with only the surplus going to benefit the poor. 1 h mg Í IqvK&d G Ui evwl K Av qi câvk fv Mi ekx Rbmvavi Yi Kj vyv _, ag xq I `vze Lv Z e wqz nq, m mg Í IqvK&d G U wjjøvn& IqvK&d wn m e MY nq Avi h mg Í G Ui Avq ag xq D Ïk mn IqvwK di cwievi I eskai `i Kj v Yi Rb e wqz nq, m mg Í G U K IqvK&d Avjvj AvIjv` wn m e MY Kiv nq evsjv `k IqvK&d cökvm bi GK wbe Ü Giƒc gzvgzb e ³ Kiv n q Q, ÒThe income is divided in various proportions for the purpose mentioned in the waqf documents such as charity, redemption of obligation, benefit of descendants of the waqifs. Where more than 50% of the net available income of a waqf property is exclusively applied for religious and charitable purposes, such a waqf is deemed to be a Public Waqf. Similarly, Endowments where more than 50% of the net available income is meant for waqif s descendants, such a waqf is treated to be a Waqf-al-Awlad. Ó 2 1. Andrew White, The Role of the Islamic Waqf in Strengthening South Asian Civil Society: Pakistan as Case Study, International Journal of Civil Society Law, Volume IV, Issue 2, April 2006, p.17 2. Office of the Bangladesh Waqf Administrator, 4, New Eskaton Road Dhaka 1000, Citizen Charter : www. waqf.gov.bd 14
Kv iv Kv iv g Z IqvK&d cöavbz `yõcökvi 1 1.IqvK&d wjjøvn&, 2.IqvK&d Avjvj AvIjv` 1. IqvK&d wjjøvn& ev RbKj vyg~jk IqvK&d Avevi `yõcökvi K) abx, `wi`ª, ag, ey wbwe k l me Í ii gvby li Rb Db y³ IqvK&d zj, K jr, nvmcvzvj, gmwr`, gv`&ivmv, C`Mvn, Kei Ívb, gymvwdilvbv, iv ÍvNvU wbg vy, mzz ˆZwi, Rbmvavi Yi cvwbi Afve gvp bi Rb K~c, Lvj, cykzi BZ vw` Lbbmn h Kvb Kj vyki Lv Z IqvK&d Kiv Giƒc IqvK&d _ K mgv Ri me Í ii gvbyl Kj vy jvf Ki Z cv i L) Kej `wi `ªi Rb IqvK&d A_ vr GwU mgv Ri ïaygvî `wi`ª, Amnvq I wbt ^ gvby li gšwjk Pvwn`v Ab, e, wkÿv, wpwkrmv I evm v bi gz AwZ cö qvrbxq Pvwn`v c~i Yi Rb IqvK&d 2. IqvK&d Avjvj AvIjv` ev cvwievwik IqvK&d A_ vr IqvK&dKvix e w³i cwievi I eskai `i g a mgỳ q m úwë ev Ask we kl `vb Kiv mvaviyz G ai Yi IqvK& di mv _ Kj vyki Kv R e qi K_vI _v K Waqf Management in Islam-G IqvK& di köwy wefvm m ú K ejv n q Q, 2 ÒBroadly, waqfs are of two kinds: public and private. But the most accepted is its three fold classification i. public ii. queasy public and private. i. Public waqfs Those which are dedicated to the public at large having no restriction of any kind regarding its use: for example, constructing wells, roads, etc. ii. Quays public waqfs 1. gv: wbrvg DwÏb, evsjv ` k IqvK&d : mgm v I m vebv (XvKv: evsjv `k jvk cökvmb cöwkÿy K `ª, mvfvi, 1994, wmwbqi óvd cöwkÿy Kv m Dc vwcz mwgbvi ccvi), c. 8 2. www.assignmentpoint.com/arts/social-science/waqf-management-islam.html, p. 1 15