ECOLOGY
Distribution Limits Define and give examples Abiotic factors ex. wind, rocks, temperature, climate, water, elevation, light ----- NON-LIVING Biotic factors LIVING - ex. pathogens, predators, parasites, decomposers, symbiotic relationships
http://biology.mhc.edu/forests/biomes.htg/biomes.jpg
Distribution Limits: Biomes Provide brief description of each biome Tundra < 13 cm; animals adapted to cold; mosses & low-lying plants. Taiga animals adapted to cold; shows more diversity than tundra; rainfall 30-85 cm Grasslands herbivore; different ranges but generally low (10-90 cm)
Distribution Limits: Biomes Temperate deciduous forest deciduous trees; good animal diversity; 75-150 cm; seasons Tropical rainforest wet (over 150 cm) ; various layers to plant life; most biodiversity of organisms Desert less than 25 cm; not all are hot; nocturnal predominate; water-storing plants Aquatic intertidal, ocean, freshwater
Check Your Understanding Match the following pictures to the biome.
TAIGA A DESERT TDF D B TUNDRA F GRASSLANDS E TRF www.teachersfirst.com/ lessons/biomes/biomes.html C
Population Growth r(reproductive rate) = births-deaths N N = size of population Density # of individuals per unit of area; space Dispersion Spacing patterns among populations: clumped, uniform, random Define and provide examples
Population Growth Biotic potential Under ideal conditions - the amount of individuals an area can support. Carrying capacity Maximum population of an area w/o habitat degradation. Limiting factors Density-dependent Density-independent Define and provide examples
Population Growth Age structure Which diagram represents ZPG/decline? Rapid growth vs. slow growth?
Population Growth & Regulation Life History Semelparity Iteroparity Survivorship curves Type I = k-strategist (selection) Type II = random Type III = r-strategist (selection) Define and provide examples
Number of survivors Survivorship Curves C. B. A. Relative Age
Species Interactions Interspecific competition Competitive exclusion principle (Gause) Resource partitioning Character displacement Realized niche vs. fundamental niche Define and provide examples
Interspecific Competition Predation True predation Parasitism Parasitoid Herbivory Define and provide examples
Interspecific Competition Symbiosis sym = together, bio=life Mutualism Commensalism (Parasitism Define and provide examples
Interspecific Competition Coevolution Morphological defenses Secondary compounds Camouflage Aposematic coloration Mimicry Műllerian Batesian Define and provide examples
Community Structure & Growth Ecological Succession Primary Secondary Describe the changes that occur from left to right in the picture? If the original plot was plowed, is this primary or secondary succession? http://www.geo.arizona.edu/antevs/nats104/00lect20sucn2.gif
Biogeochemical Cycles Consist of same basic structure/parts: Major chemicals Reservoir/storage Assimilation (into organisms) Release (from organisms) For each cycle that follows provide an example of the information above.
Water cycle Major chemicals.water (duh!) Reservoir/storage Assimilation (into organisms) Release (from organisms)
Water Cycle http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/102/ecosystem.htm l
Carbon Cycle Major chemicals Reservoir/storage Assimilation (into organisms) Release (from organisms)
Carbon cycle http://www.safeclimate.net/business/images/understanding_carboncycle.jp
Nitrogen Cycle Major chemicals Reservoir/storage Assimilation (into organisms) Release (from organisms)
http://msucares.com/crops/soils/images/nitrogen.gif
Phosphorus Cycle Similar to others but does not have an atmospheric component. See pg. 1212 for details.
Energy Flow Trophic levels define and provide examples. Primary Secondary Tertiary/quaternary
Ecological Pyramids Energy-Why is a percentage of energy lost as you ascend the pyramid? http://www.mesa.edu.au/friends/seashores/images/energy_pyramid.gif
Ecological Pyramids Biomass Why does the biomass pyramid reflect the same trend as the energy pyramid? http://www.niles-hs.k12.il.us/jacnau/chpt545.jpg
Following the Flow Food chains Create a simple, but specific example. Food webs - Create a simple example using at least 10 organisms.