SECOND GENERAL REPORT - APRIL 1954 35 During the same period, France and the Saar increased their hard coal purchases from other countries by 689,000 metric tons, or 14.4 %, with 5,486,000 tons in 1953 against 4,797,000 in 1952. It is principally the deliveries from Belgium and Germany to France and the Saar which have increased, by 486,000 metric tons (or 44.6 %) and 140,000 tons (or 3.8 %) respectively. 4. The Netherlands delivered 252,000 metric tons to other Community countries in 1953, of which 173,000 metric tons went to Belgium as against only 4,000 tons in 1952. During the same period, the Netherlands increased their purchases of hard-coal from other Community countries by 1,000,000 metric tons, or 41.3 %, with 3,422,000 metric tons in 1953 against 2,422,000 tons in 1952. It is principally the deliveries from Belgium and Germany to the Netherlands which have increased by 571,000 metric tons (or 119.4 %), and 326,000 metric tons (or 16.8 %), respectively. 5. Finally, Italy received 823,000 metric tons more hard coal in 1952 from other Community countries, or 21.2 %, with 4,697,000 metric tons as against 3,874,000 in 1952. The increased deliveries to Italy came principally from Germany (+ 394,000 metric tons, or 13.2 %), France and the Saar (256,000 metric tons, or 120.2 %) and Belgium (+ 168,000 metric tons, or 25.2 %). 6. Only Luxembourg, which does not produce coal, reduced its purchases from other Community countries. 26. This stepped-up trade has generally allowed producing countries to limit the accumulation of pit-head stocks and to maintain a relatively high level of production and employment despite a falling-of in demand which has varied in intensity in the different countries. Belgium thus increased its deliveries to other Community countries, as has been shown above, by 1,277,000 metric tons (a tonnage about equal to that on which additional compensation was paid under the Belgian compensation scheme), while deliveries from other countries to Belgium went up by only 489,000 metric tons.

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46 EUROPEAN COAL AND STEEL COMMUNITY 27. Finally, this intensified trade within the common market has helped to limit those imports of hard coal which, because they had to be paid for in scarce currencies, had weighed heavily on the trade balances of the Community countries. From 1952 to 1953 the volume of imports from the United States dropped by 60%, whereas imports from the United Kingdom rose by rather more than 40%. PRICES (') 28. Before the common market was established, coal prices were fixed by the governments in accordance with widely differing standards. Since there was still some difficulty in obtaining supplies of certain types of coal and because the delivered price of imported American coal remained higher than that of coals produced by the Community, an appreciable increase in prices could justifiably be feared. In order to counteract this danger, the High Authority decreed maximum prices at levels, which, in general, differed very little from those of the prices in force immediately before the common market was set up. The scope of price movements was thus limited. 29. In Germany, where there was one system of prices for the home-market and another at a higher level for exports, the Federal Government decided upon an increase in the home prices a few weeks before the common market was established. The effect of this increase, as well as that of the partial abolition of certain special prices hitherto granted to several categories of consumers, was kept within reasonable limits so far as it affected domestic households. (') The information given here relates solely to price trends during those months of 1953 and early 1954 which followed the establishment of the common market. The new decisions of the High Authority, which comprise the reduction of certain maximum prices and the introduction of price freedom in a number of coalfields, became effective as from April 1,1954. They are still too recent for all their effects to be analyzed (see below, Nos. 49-60).

Trade in iron and steel products^within the Community October-December 1953 (monthly average) Januory-June 1953 (monthly-average) GERMANY DELIVERIES FROM GERMANY TO OTHER COMMUNITY COUNTRIES (in metric tons)

DELIVERIES TO GERMANY FROM OTHER COMMUNITY COUNTRIES Netherlands L (in metric tons) Belgium- Luxembourg ">i-;x -;- : France ^

Trade in iron and steel products within the Community October-December 1953 (monthly average) January-June 1953 (monthly averagel BELGIUM-LUXEMBOURG DELIVERIES FROM BELGIUM AND LUXEMBOURG TO OTHER COMMUNITY COUNTRIES (in metric tons)

DELIVERIES TO THE BELGO-LUXEMBOURG ECONOMIC UNION FROM OTHER COMMUNITY COUNTRIES ) '.] (in metric tons) BELGIUM- LUXEMBOURG X - ^ Λ ' '',:: >, --. ". 'JFa tl Uoor.-l r w^

Trade in iron and steel products within the Community October-December 19S3 (month// average), y^ January-June 1953 (monthly averagel FRANCE-SAAR DELIVERIES FROM FRANCE AND THE SAAR TO OTHER COMMUNITY COUNTRIES (in metric tons) Belgium Luxembo'

DELIVERIES TO FRANCE AND THE SAAR FROM OTHER COMMUNITY COUNTRIES (in metric tons) Belgium- Luxembourg : m FRANCE baar

Trade in iron and steel products within the Community October-December 1953 (monthly averagel January-June 1953 Imonthly averagel ITALY DELIVERIES FROM ITALY TO OTHER COMMUITY COUNTRIES (in metric tons) W ΛΓ, Λ»Ρ IcJl Germa π^ερ Netherlands] J '

DELIVERIES TO ITALY FROM OTHER COMMUNITY COUNTRIES Nçtfjgrjarul. ι (in metric tons) Belgium Luxem bo

Trade in iron and steel products within the Community DELIVERIES FROM THE NETHERLANDS TO OTHER COMMUNITY COUNTRIES (in metric tons) October-December 1953 (monthly averagel January-June 1953 (monthly averagel NETHERLANDS /.'".''Îrt

DELIVERIES TO THE NETHERLANDS FROM OTHER COMMUNITY COUNTRIES (in metric tons)