Multiple Choice Review- Eukaryotic Gene Expression 1. Which of the following is the Central Dogma of cell biology? a. DNA Nucleic Acid Protein Amino Acid b. Prokaryote Bacteria - Eukaryote c. Atom Molecule - Organelle d. DNA RNA - Protein 2. A gene is a. A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein. b. A sequence of amino acids that codes for a protein. c. A sequence of codons that code for nucleic acids. d. The end product of transcription and translation. 3. The process of producing a protein from a specific sequence of nucleic acid is known as a. Gene sequencing b. Gene expression c. Gene splicing d. Gene transduction 4. All of the cells in a eukaryotic organism (with the exception of reproductive cells) a. Contain the same genome b. Express the same genes c. Produce the same transcription factors d. Both B and C 5. In eukaryotic organisms, gene expression is complex and highly regulated because a. Eukaryotic organisms contain many different types of specialized cells that perform a variety of functions. b. Different types of cells have to work together and must be able to respond to intercellular chemical signals. c. Eukaryotes have more complex chromosomes that require multiple levels of regulation. d. All of the above 6. The process by which DNA directs protein synthesis includes which of the following a. Replication b. Transcription c. Translation d. Both B and C
7. Transcription and translation occur in a. Prokaryotes only b. Eukaryotes only c. Both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes d. Bacteria only 8. Which of the following molecules is NOT involved in RNA transcription? a. DNA b. mrna c. RNA Polymerase d. trna 9. In eukaryotes, RNA transcription takes place in the a. Nucleus b. Cytoplasm c. Ribosome d. Golgi Apparatus 10. In prokaryotes and eukaryotes where does translation take place? a. Nucleus b. Chloroplast c. Ribosomes d. Golgi Apparatus 11. A codon is a 3 base sequence of DNA or mrna that codes for a specific a. RNA molecule b. Ribosome c. Nucleic Acid d. Amino Acid 12. Amino acids bond together in a chain to form a. a monomer b. a lipid molecule c. a protein molecule d. a carbohydrate molecule 13. Proteins have a variety of functions including a. immune function b. structural support c. enzymatic activity d. all of the above
14. In eukaryotes, DNA is packaged into a structure called a. Chitin b. Chromatin c. Ribozymes d. Nuclear pores 15. In order for RNA transcription to occur in eukaryotic cells a. 5 caps and 3 poly A tails must be added to the molecule b. a repressor must be removed from the operator sequence c. the gene that is being transcribed must be unpacked from the chromatin d. the entire genome must be exposed to DNA polymerase 16. Transcription factors a. Are proteins that bind to a DNA sequence near the promoter region b. Help regulate which genes are expressed c. Are involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation d. All of the above e. A and B only 17. During pre-mrna modification, what is added to the 3 end of a pre-mrna molecule a. A modified guanine cap b. A poly A tail c. An intronic segment d. A DNA analog 18. The noncoding regions of genes are called a. chromatin b. exons c. introns d. extrons 19. RNA splicing a. Removes exons and joins introns b. Removes introns and joins exons c. Removes 3 poly A tails and 5 caps d. Removes codons and joins noncoding regions 20. Which of the following allows the same gene sequence to code for different proteins? a. Chromatin modifying enzymes exposing different areas of the genome b. Redundancy in the genetic code c. Removal of replicons from the transcript d. Alternative RNA splicing
21. As the final mrna product leaves the nucleus to go to the cytoplasm for translation it must pass through a. A semi-permeable cell membrane b. A protein vesicle c. The Endoplasmic Reticulum d. The nuclear pore 22. The nuclear pore helps regulates gene expression by a. Ensuring only mrna s with 5 caps and 3 poly-a tails enter the cytoplasm b. Allowing unmodified prerna to exit the nucleus c. Preventing genetic information from leaving the nucleus d. Regulating the transcription of DNA 23. Once an mrna molecule enters the cytoplasm a. It remains in the cytoplasm indefinitely b. It is modified by removal of introns c. It can be translated by ribosomes d. It must be sent to the Endoplasmic Reticulum for labeling 24. When mrna is no longer needed to make proteins a. It returns to the nucleus through the nuclear pore b. It is converted into rrna c. It is broken down by hydrolytic enzymes d. It remains in the cytoplasm indefinitely 25. A protein is synthesized in the cytoplasm and transported to the plasma membrane. Which of the following summarizes the protein s pathway in the cell? a. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus vesicle plasma membrane b. Nucleus vesicle rough endoplasmic reticulum plasma membrane c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum nucleus vesicle plasma membrane d. Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus vesicle plasma membrane 26. The endoplasmic reticulum can label proteins with a carbohydrate molecule that signals a. the gene sequence of the protein b. when a protein will be broken down c. the secondary structure of the protein d. cell specialization
27. If a protein is no longer in use or is damaged a. It may be broken down by hydrolytic enzymes b. It will most likely cause cell death c. It undergoes reverse synthesis d. It will remain in the cell indefinitely 28. A permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene is called a a. replication b. transformation c. mutation d. perforation 29. A mutagen is a a. mutated cell b. physical or chemical agent that can change the DNA of an organism c. nonfunctioning gene d. mutation that alters the reading frame of a gene 30. Which of the following are examples of mutagens? a. Ionizing radiation b. Harmful chemicals c. UV rays d. All of the above 31. An insertion or deletion of a nucleotide base in a gene sequence can cause a a. frameshift mutation b. substitution mutation c. transformational mutation d. subliminal mutation 32. Almost 90% of the DNA in humans a. Codes for proteins b. Contains exons c. Is termed junk DNA because it does not code for proteins d. Is altered by pre-mrna processing 33. Which of the following would most likely result in a silent mutation? a. A mutation that changes the codon but does not alter the amino acid sequence b. A mutation in junk DNA c. A mutation in an exon d. A and B only
34. When would a mutation be considered beneficial? a. When it is silent b. When it occurs spontaneously c. When it gives an individual a survival advantage d. When its phenotypic effect is masked 35. A mutation in the region of DNA that binds to a transcription factor would most likely directly affect a. DNA replication b. RNA transcription c. RNA splicing d. Translation
Answers 1. d 2. a 3. b 4. a 5. d 6. d 7. c 8. d 9. a 10. c 11. d 12. c 13. d 14. b 15. c 16. e 17. b 18. c 19. b 20. d 21. d 22. a 23. c 24. c 25. d 26. b 27. a 28. c 29. b 30. d 31. a 32. c 33. d 34. c 35. b