Micromeritics SediGraph. Particle Size Data based on Consolidated Certainties

Micromeritics SediGraph Particle Size Data based on Consolidated Certainties Dr. Michael Frenz Pedology Workshop Napoli, 22.2.211

Outline Size This! Particle Size is a Relative Attribute! Comparison between Methods SediGraph Method Examples from the Atlantic Ocean Saturn DigiSizer II 525 Particle Insight Image Analyser Summary

Size this!

Courtesy: C. Vogt, ZEKAM, University Bremen

Micromeritics Techniques SediGraph Saturn Elzone Particle Insight

Glass beads D1 D5 D9 Mode µm µm µm µm 41, 61,6 89,1 63,1 45, 66,9 85, 71,1 45,1 61,7 75,9 67,1 49,5 66,5 82,4 72,4

Garnet D1 D5 D9 Mode µm µm µm µm 16,4 25,4 4,8 25,1 2,1 32,4 53,4 31,8 21,9 29,8 42,8 28,5 19,7 25,6 33,8 24,9

Wollastonite D1 D5 D9 Mode µm µm µm µm 2,7 8,3 18,4 1, 2,9 12,7 53,5 13,4 11,7 23,6 41,3 25,7 5,5 11,1 18,9 12,5

Mica D1 D5 D9 Mode µm µm µm µm 1,5 1,9 27,4 16,8 1,4 14, 39,5 28, 8, 17, 35,2 18,2 1,8 14, 28,9 16,1

Kaolinite Courtesy: C. Vogt, ZEKAM, University Bremen D1 D5 D9 Mode µm µm µm µm -,35 1,5,38,12,65 3,82,42 Top-Cut ~3 µm: 99% <3 µm SediGraph 85% <3 µm Saturn

SediGraph Method X-ray Detector X-ray Source Attenuated X-ray beam Cell

X-ray Intensity (kc/s) SediGraph Method Highest Concentration Reference Cell Position (cm)

SediGraph III 512 Sedimentation Simple, well understood Theory: Lambert-Beer Law, Stokes Law Representative sample amount Range,1-3 µm Weight-% <d min High Resolution Easy Maintenance

SediGraph Data in Sedimentology Examples from Suolo di Mare

Water Wassertiefe Depth (m) (m) Alter Age (ka) Terr. Silt ( ) Estimating Current Velocities from Particle Size Terr. Silt ( ) 6 5.6-2 -3 VC -4 5 5 5.4 5.8-5 -6-5 -4 Today 18 ka BP 1 6.2 NADW 3 35 4 15 AABW 45 5 Ledbetter & Johnson 1976 Vema Channel

Frequency Estimating Current Velocities from Particle Size Sortable Silt Current Velocity < 5 cm/s 1-15 cm/s > 15 cm/s 1 1 1 Particle Size (µm) Robinson & McCave 1994, McCave et al. 1995 Rockall Plateau

Unravel Sediment Input Smith & Sandwell (1997), Wessel & Smith (1998)

Water Depth (m) Latitude Unravel Sediment Input -2 Water Mass Distribution BC AABW NADW Antarctic Bottom Water North Atlantic Deep Water -3 MC Malvinas- (Falkland-) Current -4 MC B M C AABW Argentinien- Becken BC BMC 1 2 3 4 5 MC Brazil Current Brasil-Malvinas-Confluence BMC NADW AABW BC -5-6 -5 Longitude -4 6-4 -3-2 Modified from Piola & Matano 21

Wassertiefe (m) Unravel Sediment Input -2 B B -25 95 9 8 CaCO 3 (wt-%) 3 2.5 C org (wt-%) 7-3 6 5 4 2 1.5-35 3 2 1 1.5-4 5-45 A A -5-65 A -6-55 -5-45 -4 B A -65-6 -55-5 -45-4 B 1 2 3 4 5 6-45 -4-35 -3-25 -2-45 -4-35 -3-25 -2 Frenz et al. 24

Frequency Haufigkeit (wt-% (% /,1 /,1 ) ) 8 Unravel Sediment Input EM1: Bottom & Residual Sediment Korngröße (µm) Particle Size (µm) 6 4 2 1 8 6 4 2-2 -25-3 -35 B % 9 7 6-4 5 4-45 3 2-5 -65 A -6-55 -5-45 -4 1 2 A B 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 Korngröße ( ) Particle Size ( ) 3 4 5 6-45 -4-35 -3-25 -2 Frenz et al. 24

Frequency Haufigkeit (wt-% (% /,1 /,1 ) ) Unravel Sediment Input EM2: Coarse Suspension Korngröße (µm) Particle Size (µm) 6 4 2 1 8 6 4 2-2 -25-3 B % 9 8-35 7 6-4 5 4-45 3 2 A -5-65 A -6-55 -5-45 -4 1 2 B 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 Korngröße ( ) Particle Size ( ) 3 4 5 6-45 -4-35 -3-25 -2 Frenz et al. 24

Frequency Haufigkeit (wt-% (% /,1 /,1 ) ) Differentiate Sediment Input EM3: Fine Suspension Korngröße (µm) Particle Size (µm) 6 4 2 1 8 6 4 2-2 -25-3 B % 9 8-35 7 6-4 5 4-45 3 2 A -5-65 A -6-55 -5-45 -4 1 2 B 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 Korngröße ( ) Particle Size ( ) 3 4 5 6-45 -4-35 -3-25 -2 Frenz et al. 24

Quantifying Carbonate Smith & Sandwell (1997), Wessel & Smith (1998) Frenz et al. 25

Häufigkeit Frequency (Gew.-% (wt-% / /,1 ) ) Differentiating Particle Size of Components Particle Size (µm) Korngröße (µm) 6 4 2 1 8 6 4 2 5 4 3 2 1 Terrigenous Silt Bulk (TS) Silt 4 5 6 7 8 9 Korngröße ( ) Particle Size ( ) Paull et al. 1988, Robinson & McCave 1994, Frenz et al. 25

Häufigkeit Frequency (Gew.-% (wt-% / /,1 ) ) Differentiating Particle Size of Components Particle Size (µm) Korngröße (µm) 6 4 2 1 8 6 4 2 5 4 3 2 Carbonate Silt 1 TS relative (21%) 4 5 6 7 8 9 Korngröße ( ) Particle Size ( ) Paull et al. 1988, Robinson & McCave 1994, Frenz et al. 25

Häufigkeit Frequency (Gew.-% (wt-% /,1 ) 1-1 -2-3 -4 Quantifying Carbonate -5-3 -2-1 1 Equatorial MAR Central MAR Southern MAR 6 4 2 8 6 4 2 8 6 4 2 Particle Size (µm) Korngröße (µm) 6 4 2 18 6 4 2 8 4 5 6 7 8 9 Korngröße ( ) Particle Size ( ) Frenz et al. 25

Quantifying Carbonate Silt 5 µm 1 µm Clay 5 µm 5 µm Frenz et al. 24

Quantifying Carbonate Silt 5 µm 1 µm Silt 5 µm 1 µm Frenz et al. 24

Breite Quantifying Carbonate Foraminifer Carbonate Coccolith Carbonate 1-1 -2-3 -4-5 -3-2 -1 1 Länge 1 75 5 25 wt-% -3-2 -1 1 Länge Frenz et al. 25

Wassertiefe Water Depth (m) (m) Häufigkeit Frequency (Gew.-% (wt-% /,1 ) 2 3 4 5 6 Quantifying Carbonate Modalkorngröße (µm) Modal Particle Size (µm) 6 4 2 1 8 6 4 2 CaCO 3 Dissolution 4 5 6 7 8 9 Modal Particle Size ( ) Modalkorngröße ( ) 8 6 4 2 8 6 4 2 8 6 4 2 Particle Size (µm) Korngröße (µm) 6 4 2 18 6 4 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 Korngröße ( ) Particle Size ( ) Frenz et al. 25, Frenz & Henrich 27

Quantifying Carbonate E. huxleyi Nominal Size 1 µm Frenz et al. 25

Häufigkeit (Gew.-% /,1 ) Häufigkeit Quantifying Carbonate Korngröße (µm) 1 5 3 2 1 5 3 2 1 F. profunda E. huxleyi U. sibogae H. carteri R. clavigera C. leptoporus (A+C) 2 16 12 8 4 Electron Microscope C. leptoporus (B) 6 4 SediGraph Deconvolution 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Korngröße ( ) Frenz et al. 25

Breite Häufigkeit (Gew.-%) 1 Quantifying Carbonate Korngröße (µm) 1 5 3 2 1 5 3 2 6 4 2 1-1 6-2 -3-4 4 2 6 4 2-5 -3-2 -1 1 Länge 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Korngröße ( ) Frenz et al. 25

Laser Light Scattering Mie-Theory Reflection Diffraction Refraction Scattering pattern Intensity vs Angle

Saturn DigiSizer II 525 Highlights: Detector: CCD 3,4 Megapixel 14 angle positions (-65 ), multiple exposure High resolution from low to high angles 591 real data points (intensity vs angle) Range:,4 µm 25 µm Optional AquaPrep degasser

Relative Intensity Saturn DigiSizer II 525 Measured Intensity Model Intensity Calcium Carbonate Goodness of Fit Reference Material Weighted Residual =.19% 5 1.5.1

Incremental Volume Percent Saturn DigiSizer II 525 Test 3 Test 1 Test 2 Calcium Carbonate Reference Material Incremental Volume Percent vs. Particle Diameter Gra 2.5 2. 1.5 1..5

Relative Intensity Saturn DigiSizer II 525 Goodness of Fit 5, Measured Intensity Model Intensity Weighted Residual =.76% Glass Beads 44-53 & 125-149 µm 1, 5, 1, 5 1 5 1 5

Incremental Volume Percent Saturn DigiSizer II 525 12 Test 4 Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Glass Beads 44-53 & 125-149 µm Incremental Volume Percent vs. Particle Diameter Graph 11 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3

Relative Intensity 1 Saturn DigiSizer II 525 Measured Intensity Model Intensity Goodness of Fit 16 µm Latex Weighted Residual = 8.38% 1, 1, 1 1

Incremental Volume Percent Saturn DigiSizer II 525 Test 8 Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Test 5 Test 6 Test 7 16 µm Latex Incremental Volume Percent vs. Particle Diameter Gra 6 5 4 3 2

Particle Insight Particle Size & Particle Shape Dynamic digital image analysis Up to 3 frames per second 28 particle size and shape models in real time Sample re-circulation Telecentric Lense Working range 3-3 (8-8) µm Comprehensive post-run data reduction

Post-run Processing: Thumbnails Parameter distributions Correlation plots Particle Insight

Summary Size matters! Method matters! Hydrodynamic Size in Geosciences Resolution matters! Applications: Unraveling Sediment Input and Distribution Differentiating and Quantifying Components Deconvoluting Microfossil Species Tracking Carbonate Dissolution Micromeritics: Four high-resolution Methods Sedimentation: SediGraph III 512 Laser Light Scattering: Saturn DigiSizer II 525 Image Analysis: Particle Insight Electric Sensing: ElZone 539

Grazie!