Faults, Fossils, Rocks and Minerals Review: 1. The preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past are. - Fossils 2. How do Fossils form? - A dead organism becomes buried in sediment 3. Fossils form in what type of rock (s)? - Sedimentary 4. What is the law of superposition? - In horizontal layers of sedimentary rock, each layer is older than the layer above it and younger than the layer below it 5. Fossils of organisms that were widely distributed but only lived during a short period of time are called. - Index Fossils 6. What is a rock layer s age compared to the ages of other rock layers? - Relative Age or Relative Dating 7. The gradual change in a species over time is. - Evolution 8. In the law of superposition, the fossils found in the bottom layer are than organisms alive today. - Simpler or less complex Golden- Science Fossils, Faults, Rocks and Mineral Review 1
9. Draw a reverse fault and label hanging wall and foot wall. 10. What is stress (faults)? - Any force that acts on a rock to change its shape of volume (push, pull, stretch etc.) 11. What is tension (fault)? - The stretching of rock so that is becomes thinner 12. What is compression? - The squeezing of rock until it folds or breaks 13. What is shearing? - When the rock on either side of a fault slip past each other sideways Golden- Science Fossils, Faults, Rocks and Mineral Review 2
14. What type of fault has the hanging wall of a reverse fault pushed on top of the footwall? - Thrust fault 15. Draw a normal fault and label hanging wall and foot wall. 16. Draw a strike slip fault and label hanging wall and foot wall. Golden- Science Fossils, Faults, Rocks and Mineral Review 3
17. MAKE SURE YOU CAN READ A DIAGRAM, ROCK LAYERS WITH AND WITHOUT FOSSILS (LAW OF SUPERPOSITION AND RELATIVE DATING. A. In layers of sedimentary rock to the left, which is the oldest? M-Sandstone B. In layers of sedimentary rock to the left, which is the youngest? O- Sandstone C. Select an organism shown that has gone extinct. How does the fossil record show this extinction? Trilobite-> it exists in 3 layers of rock and then disappears (Answers can vary here) ROCKS AND MINERALS Golden- Science Fossils, Faults, Rocks and Mineral Review 4
1. What are the 6 test we run to test a mineral? Luster, Color, Cleavage, Other(Magnetic), Hardness, and Streak 2. A mineral must occur in the Earth s crust. It cannot be a manufactured or manmade item. - Naturally 3. Most minerals are rather than organic. Organic materials are formed from things. Most minerals are made from materials that were never living things. -Inorganic - Living 4. A mineral is usually always a. Minerals are rarely liquids or gases. -Solid 5. A mineral has a. Minerals maybe made of a single element. Some minerals are formed by compounds, or combinations of two or more elements. -definite chemical composition 6. A mineral s atoms are arranged in a definite. This repeating pattern is called a. -pattern - Crystal 7. Golden- Science Fossils, Faults, Rocks and Mineral Review 5
8. Tell what a rock is in terms of minerals. - A rock is a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals, or organic matter 9. Identify the 3 basic types of rock. - Sedimentary - Metamorphic - Igneous 10. Explain how each type of rock can become another Igneous to Metamorphic -add heat and pressure Igneous to Sedimentary -weathering and erosion compaction and cementation Metamorphic to Igneous melt it to magma, then cool it Metamorphic to Sedimentary -weathering and erosion compaction and cementation Sedimentary to Igneous -add heat and pressure, melt it to magma, then cool it Sedimentary to Metamorphic -add heat and pressure 11. Diagram the rock cycle. Be sure to include the processes of melting, erosion, and heat/pressure Golden- Science Fossils, Faults, Rocks and Mineral Review 6
12. Describe and diagram the thermal processes driving the rock cycle (convection currents)? 1) What thermal process is occurring at location 1? Convection Currents 2) What do the currents at location 1 cause the plates to do? They cause the plates to move. 3) What type of boundary exists at location 2? Divergent Boundary 4) What type of rock would form at location 2? Igneous Rock 5) What types of rock would be forming at locations 3 and 4? Sedimentary Rock 6) What sedimentary rock forming processes are occurring at location 5? Weathering, erosion, deposition, cementation 7) What type of rock would form at the streams and rivers of location 6? Sedimentary Rock 8) What type of rock is forming at location 7? Igneous Rock 9) What type of rock is forming at location 8? Metamorphic Rock 10) Locations 9 and 11 show the ocean plate turning back into what material? Magma 11) What kind of boundary exists where the plates meet at location 10? Convergent Boundary 12) What kind of rock would form at location 10? Metamorphic Rock Golden- Science Fossils, Faults, Rocks and Mineral Review 7
13. Tell where the thermal energy for the rock cycle originates? Mantle (magma) 14. Describe how plate motion causes rocks to move through the rock cycle? Plate movement is caused by convection currents. Molten material is being built up under plates. The Earth recycles rock. Every rock that you can touch or see has been or will be molten hot magma at one point or another. The Earth is constantly replenishing new rock through volcanoes while re-melting existing rock through a process called subduction at the same time. It is a cycle, a circle of changes that have been going on since the creation of the Earth SEE DIAGRAM BELOW Golden- Science Fossils, Faults, Rocks and Mineral Review 8