STUDY GUIDE SECTION 1-1 THE WORLD OF BIOLOGY Multiple Choice-Write the correct letter in the blank. Name Period Date 1. A short segment of DNA that contains instructions for the development of a single trait of an organism is known as a a. DNA loop b. gene c. library d. membrane 2. As the cells in a multicellular organism multiply, they become specialized for different functions in a process called a. sexual reproduction c. photosynthesis b. descent with modification d. cell differentiation 3. Homeostasis refers to the a. organization of cellular structures b. stable level of internal conditions in organisms. c. organized structure of crystals. d. destruction of tropical rain forests. 4. Photosynthesis is part of a plant s a. metabolism c. development b. homeostasis d. response to stimuli Short Answer-Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1. List and describe the 7 characteristics shared by living things. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. Page 1 of 8
2. Describe the hierarchy of organization found in complex multicellular organisms. (End with the atom.) 3. Provide one example of homeostasis. 4. Provide an example of metabolism. 5. How does growth among living and nonliving things differ? 6. Why is reproduction an important characteristic of life? 7. Explain why the cell is called the basic unit of life. 8. Contrast the reproduction of bacteria with that of frogs. Structures and functions Explain how the drawing below illustrates at least three characteristics of life. Page 2 of 8
STUDY GUIDE SECTION 1-2 THEMES IN BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Write the correct letter in the blank. 1. A tree of life explains a. how organisms are related to each other. b. how organisms differ from each other. c. the lineages of various organisms. d. All of the above. 2. Which of the following in NOT an important unifying theme in biology? a. the diversity and unity of life. b. the relationship between organisms and society. c. the interdependence of living organisms. d. the evolution of life. 3. An example of a domain is a. Animalia b. Protista c. Fungi d. Eukarya 4. A trait that improves an individual s ability to survive and reproduce is a(n) a. mutation b. natural selection c. adaptation d. domain Short Answer-Answer the following questions in complete sentences. (Except #1.) 1. List the three unifying themes of biology A. B. C. 2. Provide an example of: A. Unity- B. Diversity- 3. Identify the three domains, and the kingdoms found in each domain. A. - B. - C. - Page 3 of 8
4. Explain how organisms are interdependent. 5. Explain why evolution is important to understanding biology. A. B. C. 6. Describe what an adaptation is, in general, and provide an example. 7. Why must an adaptation be heritable if it to cause a population to evolve? 8. Describe natural selection. Structures and functions Briefly describe the interactions among the panther, the deer, and the grass in the picture below. Page 4 of 8
STUDY GUIDE 1-3 THE STUDY OF BIOLOGY Multiple Choice Write the correct letter in the blank. 1. A field biologist who studies the behavior of birds in a rain forest most likely collects data through a. experimenting b. modeling c. observing d. inferring 2. Constructing a graph is an example of a. measuring b. organizing data c. observing d. predicting 3. A statement that explains observations and which can be tested is called a. a hypothesis b. an inference c. a theory d. a model 4. A visual, verbal, or mathematical explanation that is supported by data is called a. a hypothesis b. an inference c. a theory d. a model Short Answer- Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1. Identify and explain the two main principles of the scientific method. A. B. 2. Describe the roles of observation and hypothesis in science. 3. List the steps of the scientific method. A. B. C. D. E. F. Page 5 of 8
4. Describe the characteristics of a functional (good) hypothesis. 5. Summarize the parts of a controlled experiment. 6. What is an inference? Provide an example. 7. Provide another (besides the one in the textbook) example of conflict of interest. 8. What are quantitative data? Give two examples of quantitative data. 9. What are three things scientists might do to analyze data? 10. A scientist wanted to study the effect of a drug on the blood pressure of rats. She set up an experiment in which the experimental group consisted of rats that were injected with a salt solution containing the drug. What should the control group consist of? What were the dependent and independent variables in her experiment? Structures and functions-examine the drawing of the owl. In each space below, provide an observation that would support the inference given, or provide an inference that could be derived from the observation given. Page 6 of 8
STUDY GUIDE 1-4 TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES Multiple Choice- Write the correct letter in the blank. 1. One limitation to the scanning electron microscope is that it cannot be used to a. examine specimens smaller than cells. b. view living specimens. c. produce an enlarged image of a specimen. d. produce an image of the surface of a specimen. 2. A microscope with a 10x ocular lens and a 25x objective lens has a total power of magnification equal to a. 2.5x b. 35x c. 250x d. 2,500x 3. The SI base unit for time is the a. second b. minute c. hour d. day 4. The SI prefix that represents 1,000 times the base unit is a. deci b. centi c. kilo d. micro Short Answer- Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1. Provide a description of a compound light microscope. 2. Explain the difference between magnification and resolution. 3. Provide a description of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). 4. Provide a description of a transmission electron microscope (TEM). 5. Explain why it is important that all scientists use the same measurement system? Page 7 of 8
6. A group of scientists wants to determine whether the bacteria they are studying have viruses inside them. Which type of microscope should they use? Explain your answer. 7. Write the correct abbreviation for each metric unit. 8. Use your textbook to complete these conversions. Structures and Functions-Label each part of the microscope in the diagram below. Revolving nosepiece Page 8 of 8