WEATHERING, EROSION & DEPOSITION STUDY GUIDE Weathering: The difference between mechanical & chemical weathering is: Sort terms as being mechanical/physical or chemical weathering: acid rain, root splitting bedrock, exfoliation, dissolving minerals, ice wedging, frost action, oxidation Explain what is happening in each of these three images: Rates of Weathering Climate o Warm & humid: more weathering o Cold and/or dry: more weathering o Frost action needs: Surface area: increased surface area (smaller pieces) rate of weathering Mineral composition o More resistant to weathering/erosion size/shape after weathering will be o Less resistant to weathering/erosion size/shape after weathering will be If all these rocks have been exposed to the same weathering agents over the same period of time, and started at the same height, explain why X is so much deeper than Y now. Erosion: of sediments by wind, water, gravity or glaciers Match these terms to the agents of erosion they describe. Words may be used more than once. round, smooth, sandblasting, grooves, creep, talus, delta, till, angular, semi-rounded, sharp, V-shape, U- shape, deflation, pitted, erratic, landslide, slump, meander, striations, drumlin, finger lakes, kettle lakes Running Water *most important agent of erosion/deposition on Earth o Examples: o Valley shape: Gravity [mass movement] o Fast-moving examples: o Slow-moving examples:
Wind o Examples: Glaciers o Landforms: o Valley shape: Stream Increased slope velocity Increased velocity erosion : bend or curve in a river o Label the stream at right with an E where erosion is taking place, and a D where deposition occurs Label the left diagram with the following terms: delta, oxbow lake, source, tributary, meander, river valley, and floodplain Deposition/Sedimentation: Velocity o Increased velocity deposition, erosion o Decreased velocity deposition, erosion Sediment Size o Increase size settling rate [faster or slower] o Decrease size settling rate [faster or slower] Sediment Density o Increase density settling rate [faster or slower] o Decrease density settling rate [faster or slower] Sediment Shape o Round settling rate [faster or slower] o Flat settling rate [faster or slower] Sorted Sample: sediments separated by size or shape [draw it] o Happens in or Unsorted Sample: sediments of different size or shape mixed together [draw it] o Happens in or
Which of following shows the result when you drop one sample of mixed sediments into standing water? Which of the following correctly shows the deposition of sediments where a river runs into a lake or ocean? If the four particles below were dropped at the same moment, list the order in which they will settle on the bottom of their beakers. Draw an arrow to show the direction the agent of erosion/deposition was moving to create the landform in this picture. What deposited the sand? Soil Formed from [weathering/erosion] without [weathering/erosion] To increase amount of soil: o biological activity o weathering o erosion Soil Profile (side view of soil layers or horizons) o In which horizon would you find the following: slightly weathered rock fragments, humus, most weathering, clay, organic material Horizon A Horizon B Horizon C o In which horizon would be affected the most by weathering & erosion?
Put the following pictures in the correct order for soil development. Soil: soil matching & formed from local bedrock Soil: soil that does not match local bedrock Groundwater Which diagram below best represents the most common arrangement of zones in a water table? Permeable layers of rock and sediment that store and carry enough groundwater to supply wells are called. Porosity: Effect of particle size: Effect of particle sorting: Effect of particle shape: Permeability: Effect of particle size: Effect of particle sorting: Effect of particle shape: Draw the appearance of the water table after pumping from this well: List formations found in an area of karst topography:
Rock Cycle Fill in the rock cycle below with the processes that form each rock. Classify the following rock names: basalt, breccia, coal, conglomerate, gneiss, granite, limestone, marble, obsidian, pumice, quartzite, rock salt, sandstone, schist, shale, siltstone, slate Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary Be able to identify a rock sample as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic. For example, state whether each rock diagram below is igneous, metamorphic or sedimentary. Then state why you made that determination & the environment that created it. Rock Type: Rock Type: Rock Type: Rock Type: Why: Why: Why: Why: Environment: Environment: Environment: Environment: Why doesn t obsidian have crystals? Large crystals in igneous rocks are caused by