Ronald C. Marks, Ph.D.

copyright, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 by Ronald C. Marks, Ph.D. You may use the presentation as long as your do not use it to make money and give full credit to source of information. Freedom to Believe Ronald C. Marks, Ph.D. Professor of Chemistry North Greenville University

Evidence of Universe Origin Science Philosophy

14,000,000,000 years (14 billion years) 6,000 10,000 years Scientific Evidence

DAY 1 DAY 2 DAY 3 DAY 4 DAY 5 DAY 6 Space Time Matter

Radiohalos Tightly Bent Strata Stone-age Skeletons

100 Sandwiches 50 Sandwiches t½=10 minutes Or one-half gone after 10 minutes

sandwiches 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 First Half-life Second Half-life Third Half-life Fourth Half-life 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 minutes Fifth Half-life Sixth Half-life Seventh Half-life No more sandwiches 80

From Robert Gentry, Creation s Tiny Mystery, Earth Science Associates, Knoxville, TN

Growth Rate to Reach 6.6 Billion 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 1/3 0.2 0 Uniformitarian Young Current

Stone age lasted 185,000 years Estimate 8 billion burials Bones plus artifacts Only a few thousand found Answer: Stone age is shorter than evolutionary anthropologists think http://www.immediart.com/catalog/popup_image.php?pid=282&oscsid=0bd648d4b367472bc4505a0165119c88

Genesis 8 15. Then God spoke to Noah, saying, 16. "Go out of the ark, you and your wife and your sons and your sons' wives with you. 17. "Bring out with you every living thing of all flesh that is with you, birds and animals and every creeping thing that creeps on the earth, that they may breed abundantly on the earth, and be fruitful and multiply on the earth." 18. So Noah went out, and his sons and his wife and his sons' wives with him.

God exists and created the world Scripture is true contains scientific truth Adam and Eve are the literal/historical father/mother of all humans Flood of Noah was Worldwide Current humans all come from 8 individuals Plants/animals reproduce only after their kind (no new species) Universe is the general revelation of God purpose of study is to know Him

Is the Creation Old or Young?

Galaxies wind-up too fast Not enough sodium in the ocean Not enough mud on the sea floor Too much carbon in deep strata Comets disintegrate too quickly Too few supernova remnants Earth s magnetic field decay too fast Too much helium in minerals Evidence for a Young Earth, Dr. Russell Humphreys, Creation Science Fellowship of New Mexico, Inc. From http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs/4005.asp, accessed March 2, 2004

http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/galaxy_collection/pr2006023a/

Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1300 http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/galaxy_collection/pr2005001a/

Whirlpool Galaxy M51 http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/galaxy_collection/pr2005012a/

Sombrero Galaxy M104 http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2003-28-a-full_jpg.jpg/

Galaxies wind-up too fast Not enough sodium in the ocean Not enough mud on the sea floor Too much carbon in deep strata Comets disintegrate too quickly Too few supernova remnants Earth s magnetic field decay too fast Too much helium in minerals Evidence for a Young Earth, Dr. Russell Humphreys, Creation Science Fellowship of New Mexico, Inc. From http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs/4005.asp, accessed March 2, 2004

IN 450 million tons each year OUT only 27% of input continents Ocean basin oceans

continents Ocean basin oceans

Genesis 8 6. Then it came about at the end of forty days, that Noah opened the window of the ark which he had made; 7. and he sent out a raven, and it flew here and there until the water was dried up from the earth. 8. Then he sent out a dove from him, to see if the water was abated from the face of the land; 9. but the dove found no resting place for the sole of her foot, so she returned to him into the ark, for the water was on the surface of all the earth. Then he put out his hand and took her, and brought her into the ark to himself. 10. So he waited yet another seven days; and again he sent out the dove from the ark. 11. The dove came to him toward evening, and behold, in her beak was a freshly picked olive leaf. So Noah knew that the water was abated from the earth. 12. Then he waited yet another seven days, and sent out the dove; but she did not return to him again. 13. Now it came about in the six hundred and first year, in the first month, on the first of the month, the water was dried up from the earth. Then Noah removed the covering of the ark, and looked, and behold, the surface of the ground was dried up. 14. In the second month, on the twenty-seventh day of the month, the earth was dry.

Galaxies wind-up too fast Not enough sodium in the ocean Not enough mud on the sea floor Too much carbon in deep strata Comets disintegrate too quickly Too few supernova remnants Earth s magnetic field decay too fast Too much helium in minerals Evidence for a Young Earth, Dr. Russell Humphreys, Creation Science Fellowship of New Mexico, Inc. From http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs/4005.asp, accessed March 2, 2004

Divins, D.L., NGDC Total Sediment Thickness of the World's Oceans & Marginal Seas accessed Jan 12, 2008, http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/sedthick/sedthick.html

Sediment from erosion of continents Average thickness less than 400 meters (1,312 feet) Current rate of erosion: fill oceans in 4/100 of evolution s age of the oceans Evolutionary age would see oceans filled with sediment 250 times!

Gabi Laske and Guy Masters, A Global Digital map of Sediment Thickness, http://mahi.ucsd.edu/gabi/sediment.html#sed, accessed Jan 12, 2008

Galaxies wind-up too fast Not enough sodium in the ocean Not enough mud on the sea floor Too much carbon in deep strata Comets disintegrate too quickly Too few supernova remnants Earth s magnetic field decay too fast Too much helium in minerals Evidence for a Young Earth, Dr. Russell Humphreys, Creation Science Fellowship of New Mexico, Inc. From http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs/4005.asp, accessed March 2, 2004

14 C Half-life 5,740 years No carbon 14 atoms should exist in any strata older than 250,000 years Significant carbon in rock millions of years old Significant carbon found in diamonds

Isaiah 40:25-26 NASB 25. "To whom then will you liken Me That I would be his equal?" says the Holy One. 26. Lift up your eyes on high And see who has created these stars, The One who leads forth their host by number, He calls them all by name; Because of the greatness of His might and the strength of His power, Not one of them is missing.

Galaxies wind-up too fast Not enough sodium in the ocean Not enough mud on the sea floor Too much carbon in deep strata Comets disintegrate too quickly Too few supernova remnants Earth s magnetic field decay too fast Too much helium in minerals Evidence for a Young Earth, Dr. Russell Humphreys, Creation Science Fellowship of New Mexico, Inc. From http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs/4005.asp, accessed March 2, 2004

Ellipse Focus 1 Circle ellipse with both foci in the same location (the center) Focus 2 Parabola

Comets eject mass on every orbit Definable limit on lifetime Comet orbits Highly elliptical (vs planets = nearly circular though still ellipses) No known comets with parabolic orbits Image of Haley s comet nucleus from Astronomy Picture of the Day website, http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap000805.html Short period Long period <200 years > 200 years prograde orbits low inclinations prograde & retrograde varied inclinations Composition of both classes appears identical

Comet Hyakutake Passes the Earth, 1996, Astronomy Picture of the Day http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap091216.html

Galaxies wind-up too fast Not enough sodium in the ocean Not enough mud on the sea floor Too much carbon in deep strata Comets disintegrate too quickly Too few supernova remnants Earth s magnetic field decay too fast Too much helium in minerals Evidence for a Young Earth, Dr. Russell Humphreys, Creation Science Fellowship of New Mexico, Inc. From http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs/4005.asp, accessed March 2, 2004

http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/star/sup ernova/pr2002015b/

Galaxies wind-up too fast Not enough sodium in the ocean Not enough mud on the sea floor Too much carbon in deep strata Comets disintegrate too quickly Too few supernova remnants Earth s magnetic field decay too fast Too much helium in minerals Evidence for a Young Earth, Dr. Russell Humphreys, Creation Science Fellowship of New Mexico, Inc. From http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs/4005.asp, accessed March 2, 2004

http://www.scifun.ed.ac.uk/card/images/left/earth-magfield.jpg, accessed March 28, 2010

Magnetic field is getting weaker Every 1,465 years, half as strong At 7,000 years ago, too strong for life on the surface http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/geomag/nmp/long_mvt_nmp_e.php, accessed March 28, 2010

MAGNETIC FIELD INTENSITY Fluctuations t ½ magnetic field = 1,465 years Creation Flood Christ Now The earth's magnetic field: evidence that the earth is young, by Jonathan Sarfati http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v20/i2/magnetic.asp, accessed April 26, 2005 The Earth's Magnetic Field Is Young, IMPACT No. 242 August 1993, Russell Humphreys, Ph.D., 2004 Institute for Creation Research, http://www.icr.org/pubs/imp/imp-242.htm

Galaxies wind-up too fast Not enough sodium in the ocean Not enough mud on the sea floor Too much carbon in deep strata Comets disintegrate too quickly Too few supernova remnants Earth s magnetic field decay too fast Too much helium in minerals Evidence for a Young Earth, Dr. Russell Humphreys, Creation Science Fellowship of New Mexico, Inc. From http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs/4005.asp, accessed March 2, 2004

Primary elements: Zirconium Silicon Oxygen Major contaminants: Uranium Thorium Lead

He Uranium Uranium solid Uranium Lead Lead Uranium Uranium solid solid Uranium Uranium He He He He Thorium Thorium Thorium Thorium Lead Thorium solid Thorium Thorium He He

http://www.answersingenesis.org/articles/am/v1/n1/creation-research, accessed March 28, 2010

Evolutionary Age Age from Science Missing Years Geologic Features Radiohalos Stone-age Skeletons Evidence of short time spans and instant creation Galaxy spirals 10,000,000,000 300,000,000 9,700,000,000 Sodium in the ocean 3,000,000,000 62,000,000 2,938,000,000 Sea floor sediment 3,000,000,000 12,000,000 2,988,000,000 Saturn s rings 6,400,000,000 100,000,000 6,300,000,000 Comet disintegration 6,400,000,000 10,000 6,399,990,000 Earth s magnetic field 3,450,000,000 6,000 3,449,994,000 Helium in minerals 1,500,000,000 6,000 1,499,994,000

DAY 1 DAY 2 DAY 3 DAY 4 DAY 5 DAY 6 Space Time Matter

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