Please do the Audio Setup Wizard! 11/7/12 Science Class Connect with Mrs. McFarland & Mr. Gluckin Earth s Interior Ohio Academic Content Standards Earth and Space Sciences The Universe 9. Describe the interior structure of Earth and the Earth s crust as divided into tectonic plates riding on top of the slow moving currents of magma in the mantle. 11. Use models to analyze the size and shape of Earth, its surface and its interior (e.g. globes, topographic maps and satellite images). The Study Island lesson is due by 4pm on Thursday: SI 2e Student Centered Objectives I will be able to describe the layers on the inside of the Earth. I will be able use images to look at the Earth s interior by composition. I will understand the different physical properties of the Earth s layers. Today s Class Agenda Review Ground Rules for Classes Earth s Stats Composition of the Earth Crust/Mantle/Core Structures of the Earth Lithosphere/Asthenosphere Lithospheric Plates State of matter and heat Convection Currents Reminders Today s Slides Exit Ticket Your Questions Ground rules Please close all other apps & web pages. No Facebook, games, music, etc. No off topic chat Be respectful of each other Don t share personal information I can see all chat even private chat Earth s Stats The Earth's mass is about 5.98 x 10 24 kg. Earth is the densest planet in our Solar System (mass/volume). Earth is made of several layers with different compositions and physical properties, like temperature, density, and the viscosity ( aka ability to flow). 1
The Earth can be divided into different layers based on various properties. The Compositional Layers of the Earth Earth's compositional layers, from the outside to the center, are the crust, the mantle, and the core. The crust is the outermost, thinnest, least dense layer. Continental crust is made mostly of the rock granite and is thicker and less dense than oceanic crust. Oceanic crust is made mostly of the rock basalt. Overall, crustal rocks are rich in the elements silicon (Si) and oxygen (O). This cross section shows that continental crust (grey area labeled as "1") is thicker than oceanic crust (black area labeled as "2"). The portion of the diagram labeled as "3" is part of the mantle. The blue area is ocean water. The Compositional Layers of the Earth The mantle is the hot, middle, thickest layer and accounts for most of the Earth's bulk. It is denser than the crust, but not as dense as the core. The density of the mantle increases with depth due to increasing pressure. The Compositional Layers of the Earth The core lies at Earth's center. The core is made mostly of iron and nickel, and it is the densest layer. Like the layers of an apple Earth s Layers http://www.learner.org/interactives/dynamicearth/structure.html 2
What is the inner most layer of the earth? A. Inner core B. Outer core C. Mantle D. Crust E. Asthenosphere The Composition of the Earth: The Crust Earth s Layers Rap song: http://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=hod7prjmkkq The Earth's Crust is like the skin of an apple. It is very thin in comparison to the other layers. The crust is only about 3 5 miles (8 kilometers) thick under the oceans (oceanic crust) and about 25 miles (32 kilometers) thick under the continents (continental crust). The Composition of the Earth: The Mantle The Mantle is the largest layer of the Earth. The upper mantle is a hard shell. The middle mantle is composed of very hot dense rock that flows like asphalt under a heavy weight. The movement of the mantle is the reason that the crustal plates of the Earth move. We will discuss this further as we begin exploring the layers based on physical properies. The Composition of the Earth: The Core The core of the Earth is like a ball of very hot metals. Remember the core is broken into to layers when we look at them based on their physical properties. The outer core is so hot that the metals in it are all in the liquid state. The outer core is composed of the melted metals of nickel and iron. The Inner Core The inner core of the Earth has temperatures and pressures so great that the metals are squeezed together and are not able to move about like a liquid, but are forced to vibrate in place like a solid. The Composition of the Earth Core Pretty big. (6,856 km) (Slightly bigger than Mars!) Broken down in to an inner and outer core. 33% mass of the Earth Scientists think. Made mostly of iron Some nickel, sulfur, oxygen What is the evidence? The particular way seismic waves travel Earth s Magnetic field N S 3
What is the name of the layer of the Earth that is labeled with the letter Z? A. crust B. inner core C. outer core D. mantle What is the name of the layer of the Earth that is labeled with the letter Z? A. crust B. inner core C. outer core D. mantle The Structure of the Earth The Structure of the Earth Mesosphere Copyright 2006. M. J. Krech. All rights reserved. Copyright 2006. M. J. Krech. All rights reserved. Earth's physical layers, from the outside to the center, are the lithosphere, the asthenosphere, the mesosphere, the outer core, and the inner core. The lithosphere is the cold, brittle layer at Earth's surface. It is a solid layer that contains all of the crust and a very thin part of the mantle's top. Overall, the lithosphere is a stiff, rigid layer that is broken into large pieces called tectonic plates. These plates move around on top of the less rigid layer below them. The asthenosphere is a less rigid layer directly underneath the lithosphere. It consists entirely of mantle rock. Although it is solid, the asthenosphere is able to flow very slowly. This causes the rigid plates of the lithosphere on top to move around. Overlap 4
The mesosphere is a solid layer that accounts for the rest of the mantle below the asthenosphere. The mesosphere is stronger and denser than the asthenosphere. The outer core is the liquid, outer portion of the Earth's core. The slow, gradual flow in the outer core produces the Earth's magnetic field. The inner core is the solid, inner portion of the Earth's core. The Lithosphere The crust and the upper layer of the mantle together make up a zone of rigid, brittle rock called the Lithosphere. The Asthenosphere The asthenosphere ( weak sphere ) is a soft, semi-rigid part of the middle mantle that flows like hot asphalt under a heavy weight. The asthenosphere is made of layer is like putty and it flows very slowly at about the rate your fingernail grows. It is on the asthenosphere that the pieces of the lithosphere (lithospheric plates) move. The Lithospheric Plates Below the middle mantle is the lower mantle. This denser section makes up the mesosphere. The crust of the Earth is broken into many pieces called lithospheric plates. The plates "float" on the soft, semirigid asthenosphere. 5
The Physical Properties of the Earth Lithosphere Solid Outer Core Liquid Asthenosphere Viscous Layer How HOT is it? (continued) Mesosphere Solid Inner Core Solid Convection Currents Remember the mantle "flows" because of convection currents. When the convection currents flow in the asthenosphere they also move the crust. The crust (broken into pieces called lithospheric plates) gets a free ride with these currents. Convection currents are caused by the very hot material at the deepest part of the mantle rising, then cooling and sinking again --repeating this cycle over and over. Mrs. Peterson will be doing a Virtual Lab on this concept on 11/15 at 9am! Convection (continued) Convection (heat) currents carry heat from the hot inner mantle to the cooler outer mantle. Please watch this 1 minute video: http://quietube2.com/v.php/http:/www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryrxagy1 dme&feature=related What is the outer most layer of the earth? What is the outer most layer of the earth? A. Inner core B. Outer core C. Mantle D. Crust A. Inner core B. Outer core C. Mantle D. Crust 6
Thank you for coming. Remember Science teachers will be out of their office tomorrow and will not be teaching. Also Mrs. McFarland will begin teaching her students 11/12/12! Remember a recording of this class will be on your daily plan, but also now on jlog. Learn more from the MS newsletter. Upcoming Science Events: Science Zone cancelled Thursday 11/8. Planetarium Field Trip in Bowling Green, November 8 th is why the teachers will be out! Hope to see you there! Great Lakes Science Center, Dec. 19 th (See online events calendar, newsletter or the next slide for more info.) Study Island: New for this week 2e Need help on your science project? KMail me or come to science zone! Great Lakes Science Center WHEN: Wednesday, December 19 th, 2012, 10:00am 5:00pm WHERE: Great Lakes Science Center Address: 601 Erieside Avenue Cleveland, Ohio Located at the foot of East 9th Street and the Shoreway (St. Rt. 2) between the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame and the new Browns Stadium. Look for the OMNIMAX dome WHO: Maximum of 75 students, plus parents and siblings may attend the outing. To learn more about the Great Lakes Science Center visit their website at: http://http://www.glsc.org/ HOW MUCH: $10 for general admission, OMNIMAX, and middle school science demonstration, plus your own packed lunch. We need to pay as a group upon arrival so please bring EXACT cash, no checks or credit cards for the admission. Adults must supervise their students for the entire event. IF YOU WANT TO ATTEND: RSVP Required by November 30th to jfortin@ohva.org (Please include names of all persons attending and the grades of students in OHVA, space is limited) More information is on the online events calendar: http://localendar.com/public/ohva QUESTIONS? KMail or call Mrs. Fortin if you have any questions: 877 648 2512 ext. 4042 FILE TRANSFER Today s Slides Tell me how you feel about class. 1. 3. 2. QUESTIONS / DISCUSSION If you have a question raise your hand. Next use the polling tool If you have a working microphone and you have done the audio set up give me a green check. If not then give me a red x. People with a red x can type their question in the chat box but don t send it until it is your turn. 7