Page1 KENT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL MAGAZINE Outta This World ISSUE ONE Alisa Emedi Bianca Knoll Charmel Mbala Cindy Arias Jason Medina Kaiden Griffin Kelasia Sayaseng Mark Carrillo Veadey Polk
Page2 Table of Contents The Sun....3 The Suns Physical Features No, the Sun Isn t Made Out Of Cheese-Its! Our Earth s Moon...5 The Moons Magical Powers Physical Features of the Moon The Life of a Star. 7 How a Star is made Life Cycles of a Star Black Holes of the Universe..9 How Are Black Holes Formed? What Is a Black Hole? Black Holes What Really Happened to Venus?...11 Glossary..12
Page3 The Sun The Suns Physical Features By: Veadey Polk Have you ever wondered how the sun even formed in the galaxy in the first place? Well, I did some research on the internet and found lots of interesting facts about the sun; I found one that explained how scientists believed that the sun formed from a big cloud of dust and gas. The enormous cloud and its gravity pulled the dust and gases together. The gas got pulled into the center first which made the center extremely hot; from all of the other gases starting to fall on top of it and the gravity holding it together; then, became the starting of a baby sun. The leftover clouds of dust started to travel to other places of the galaxy and started forming the other planets, but not exactly the same way it did with the sun because then there would just be a whole bunch of suns in space! For many years the sun has collected more clouds of dust and gas, until it is the size that it is today and now the sun can no longer collect any more clouds of dust and gas because there is no more left to collect. Its size had made an incredible change, because now the sun is 860,000 miles in circumference. You could line up 109 earths all around the suns diameter! How heavy is the sun? Fun fact If you ever asked the question of how much does the sun weigh really? That s a great question; the sun weighs about 4.4, followed by 30 zero pounds! In comparison the earth weighs about 1.3 followed by 25 zero pounds. So the suns weight would equal to 40,000 earths combined! Why did the sun do so well in School? Answer on the last Page) Would you ever believe that if earth didn t have an atmosphere to protect us humans from burning from the sun? Well it s true, without the earth s atmosphere (which is the ozone protects us) the suns heat and light could burn us very badly! These are just some facts about the sun that you now know!
Page4 SATURN Saturn is a very beautiful planet the only down side is that you cannot stand on Saturn. Saturn is not at all like earth. Saturn is made mostly of gases, it has a lot of helium. This is the same king of gas that they put into balloons. My theory is that if you get anywhere close to Saturn you will start talking higher than the joker. Saturn s rings Saturn s ring is a very pretty sight to me but they are not solid. They are made up of bits of ice, dust and rock. Some of these bits are as small as grains of sand. But some are much larger; they can be as tall as building. Most are up to a kilometer (more than half a mile) across. The rings are huge but thin, the rings of Saturn could go from the earth to the moon. No, the Sun Isn t Made Out Of Cheese-Its! By: Mark Carrillo Amazingly, the sun is made out of oxygen. However the oxygen isn t in the atmosphere its inside of the sun. The sun has about 850 atoms of oxygen inside of it. Have you ever wondered how the sun is burning if there is no oxygen space? Yes, things do need oxygen in order to burn but the sun isn t burning it s just really bright. The sun is also made out of carbon. According to Webster dictionary carbon is a solid that is a chemical element: it is found in all plant and animal matter and in rocks, petroleum, etc. Petroleum-an oily liquid found in earth in certain layers of rock. Carbon-is a solid that is a chemical element. Interesting Facts about Uranus It has the 4 th most mass on in the solar system that s 14.5 earths mass. It is the 3 rd largest planet in our solar system. It has rings that are hard to see and it has 27 known moons and it is named as the sky goddess People thought It was a star until 1781.
Page5 Our Earth s Moon The Moons Magic Powers The moon makes tides too! By: Alisa Emedi Special effects happen on the earth because of our moon. One special effect is a tide; this is when the water on the beach pulls up because of the moons gravitational pull. Then the moon lets it go back down because it is so tired of holding it for so long. Think of when your little sibling or nephew or niece wants a piggy back ride and you give it to them for so long you want to drop but they won t let you. Well that is how the moon feels about that tide. Now that you know what happens when there is a tide you can kick back and say I know what is causing this to happen. Tidal breaking is the second effects that I was talking to you about earlier. This causes the gravitational pull of the moons length to get larger by 2.3 mille second per century. Think of your height every year or so you grow by a little and in that little the moon could be growing in length by 2.3 mille second. Speaking of the gravitational pull all the energy that the earth loses gets directly picked up by the moon. This causes the moon to get farther away. Every time that you look at the moon and wonder why is the moon so far away just read this paragraph and you will soon understand why. I hope that you now understand why the moon gets farther away so all your problems revolving around the moon are solved well kind of. How far away is the moon? The average distance from the moon to the earth is 238855 miles. The metric is 384400 kilometers. The closest distance from the moon to the earth is 225700 miles. The metric is 363300. The farthest distance from the moon to the earth is 25200 miles. The metric is 405500 miles.
Page6 Physical Features of the Moon By Bianca Knoll The Moon s Creation Sadly the moon is not made out of cheese. But if you thought that it was then participate in reading this to find how others thought it was made. There are four theories, the Fission Theory believes that the moon was separated from the earth and most believe it to, the Capture Theory thinks that the moon was formed in a different solar system but was captured from the gravitational field of the Earth, the Condensation Theory believes that the moon and the Earth condensed individually from the nebula that formed the solar system, and last but not least the Giant Impactor Theory is certain that a planetesimal the size of Mars struck earth just after the formation of the solar system. Which do you believe? The Moon s Core The moon s core is only 420 miles long (about 10-16 football fields.) The moon has a very small core in fact it is only 2% of the moons mass. The moon s rocky mantle is made up of a thick layer of hot, solid rock, iron, and magnesium. The mantle is about 825 miles thick! In the past magma in the mantle has made its way up to the surface and erupted for more than a billion years. The Moon s Mass The moon s mass is actually so big the moon is considered to be a double planet!! It is 164 sextillion pounds!!! That is HUGE!!! The equation to find the mass on your on is (Fc=mV 2 /R) but I don t get it! Outta This World JOKES! How do we know that Saturn was married more than once? Because he has a lot of rings. Which chocolate bars do you eat in space? Milky ways and Mars bars. When do astronauts have lunch? At launch time. What do you call a crazy moon? A luna-tick. Why didn t the sun go to college? Because he already had a million degrees.
Page7 The Life of a Star How a Star is made! By :Kelasia Sayaseng Why do we humans think of a star as a five pointed shape? Stars are actually made of gas! Molecular gas as a matter of fact. Molecular gas is made of individual atoms, and are formed together as molecules. Stars are formed by clouds of molecular gas, but are born within clouds of dust that were spread throughout the galaxy. Stars can be all different shapes and sizes, just depending on how old they are, and how they grow. The sun is a star too, And as big as it is it can live up to 10 billion years. A star is about a-fourth as big as the sun. Therefore, a star can live up to about 2 or 3 billion years. Gravity is a part of the star life too. It is what holds the stars. If there wasn t any gravity then the stars would probably be floating around in the atmosphere. You would probably think that the stars move around over night and day but sadly they don t. The only reason that you probably don t see the same constellations or stars, every night is because its depending on what star it is, is how bright it shines. Some Stars in the Sky Fun Facts About The Biggest Planet stars can be very bright and, some not so bright. In addition to that, there may be different constellations every day. It all depends on what kind of star or stars they are. Also, some stars can be very dense. But some not so big. There are billions of stars in the sky. You may not be able to see them all but just remember that they re there. Jupiter is the biggest planet in our solar system it is so big that 1300 Earths fit inside Jupiter. It has at least 63 moons! For Jupiter to be the biggest planet it can move pretty fast in fact, the planet only takes ten hours to complete a full rotation. The roman name of Jupiter is Jupiter The Greek name of Jupiter is Zeus. FUN FACTS: Jupiter is the heaviest planet in the solar system. Mercury is one of the hottest planets and it might have ice. Mercury has water even through it near the moon Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system not the sun. Jupiter is the fastest rotating planet And Uranus is the coldest place in the Solar System Side bar- Uranus is flipped over on its side
Page8 Life Cycles of a Star By Cindy Arias A star life cycle is very interesting. How is it interesting you may ask. It is interesting because it has three life cycles with three different endings. One life cycle is. the star is a stellar nebula, a cloud of dust and molecular gas. Then it is an average size star. An average star is 100 times larger than the earth. Next there is a red giant which is 10 to 100 times larger than the sun and has a low surface temperature. Fourth, there is a planetary nebula which is glowing shells of ionized; by the way ionized is a type of gas. And fifth, there is a white dwarf the white dwarf weights about 340,000 earths! A Second life cycle for a star steps are first, they are a massive star then a super red giant. A red giant is a bright star because of it big size their size is about 10 to 1500 times bigger than our sun. Next a super nova which is when a star explosive when it has too much energy and then a black hole.the third life cycle for a star is the same thing like the second but instead of the black hole it ends up with a neutron star if you get a teaspoon of a neutron star it weighs about one hundred million tons on earth! Neptune By Kelasia Sayaseng The origin of Neptune Neptune is a very interesting planet. It was named after the roman sea god. It is one of the stormiest planets. The winds on Neptune are stronger than any other planet. In fact, Neptune is the farthest planet from the sun. Pluto was originally the farthest. But, now, Pluto is officially not a part of our solar system. So, Neptune is now the farthest in our solar system. Now, since Pluto is the farthest, it took a voyager 12 years to reach Neptune. Originally, Neptune was discovered by three people: Urbane Le Verrier, John Coach Adams, and Johann Galle. They discovered Neptune as of 166 years ago on September 23 rd, 1846. The making of the planet Neptune is made of many things. It is made of hydrogen, helium, methane ammonia and water. Hydrogen is a flammable gas in which it has no color or odor. Helium is a very light weight gas. In fact, it is an inert gas which is the lightest gas of the gas series. Methane, also an odorless and colorless flammable gas. But, is the main part of natural gas. Ammonia is also a gas. Ammonia is a gas that dissolves in water to give a strong alkaline solution.
Page9 Black Holes of the Universe What Is a Black Hole? By Charmel Mbala I know that in some point of time you ve heard of a black hole, but do you really you know what it is? A black hole is a place in space where gravity is so powerful that even light can t escape its grasp. The gravity is so tough because matter has been squished into a small space. This can happen when a star is near death. people don t see black holes because no light can escape; they are invisible. Telescopes with special tools could help locate black holes and determine how stars that are near becoming a black hole act differently. Only NASA has these special tools but you could try and get them but it is almost impossible to get them unless you work for NASA or unless you buy it from the black market. How small can black holes be? A black hole can either be huge or tiny. The smallest black holes are as small as one atom, which is microscopic. One different type of black hole is called a stellar black hole. Did you know these black holes masses are 20 times more than the mass of the sun which is pretty big. There are numerous black holes in our galaxy also known as the Milky Way the galaxy where earth is. Atom: The smallest component of an element Matter: A physical substance What are the biggest black holes? Did you ever imagine what the biggest types of black holes are? Well, thanks for asking.the biggest black holes are called super massive black holes. These types of black holes have masses more than 1 million suns put together. Scientists have found evidence that every major galaxy has a super massive black hole at the center. Our super massive black hole is nick named Sagittarius. These super massive black holes have enough mass of 4 million suns, it would fill a humongous ball that could hold a few million earths. Now that you know what a black hole is and the different type of black holes you will know more about them. FACT: If another black hole comes near another black hole it would suck in the other black hole
Page10 Black Holes By Jason Medina Have you ever thought that a black hole could devour our earth? Well don t worry it can be possible but don t worry highly unlikely.( One scenario that a black hole could absorb us is if a black hole was rotating around like a star in the galaxy swallowing stars and planets that are not faster than the speed of light so if a black hole moved right next to our earth it would absorb us in). Then we would go to the center of the black hole and get crushed and disappear. Another scenario it s highly unlikely is because a black hole is bigger than many suns and if it was gigantic we would orbit around it because of its gravity. My last scenario on why we wouldn t get sucked in is if somehow a black hole got really close and sucked us in.so here s all the facts now you know that a black hole could suck our earth in but it s highly unlikely so don t worry it s not the end of the world but wait there s more but I m not writing it.. How Are Black Holes Formed? By Kaiden Griffin Do you think the sun is big enough to become a black hole?no it s only 860,000 miles. A star has to be 10 times as big that s 1,266,133,333 feet (that s a lot of feet. )To form a black hole a star has to fall into itself. When a black hole is formed it sucks in different objects and gases to make it a supermassive black hole. When a black hole is formed it can be a supermassive black hole or a small black hole they come in many different sizes it depends on how big the star is. This diagram is from Google A supermassive black hole has 10,000 more mass than the sun. A black hole is formed it has such an intense pull it has one way in and once you enter a black hole you can t get out. Once a star collapses into itself it causes a supernova that causes a black hole. That s how black holes are formed. Supermassive black holes- A large black hole. Supernova: A bright star that burst and ends its life. Solar system: The system where earth is.
Page11 What Really Happened to Venus? By Veadey Polk Climate Global Warming Venus is a very interesting planet, but sadly there is no possible way to have human life there. The reason is because Venus s orbit makes it the second planet closest to the sun, making the planet extremely hot most of the time. The surface of Venus has a very thick, toxic atmosphere that traps heat in a greenhouse effect. It has a greenhouse effect because a greenhouse soaks up hot air and prevents it from escaping into space. What happens is every 4 earth days the atmosphere is energized by a hurricane, forced with winds. Traveling roughly 224 miles per hour. This planet has temperatures hot enough to melt lead! Another reason of why Venus is so hot is because of its volcanic activity, there are more than 1,000 volcanoes or volcanic centers that are as large as 12 miles, and many of them cover Venus s surface. Mars is the fourth planet from the sun and is also the second smallest planet in the solar system. Mars is nicknamed the red planet because of its rusty like dust. Mars has been visited by several mars rovers. These robots collect samples and record important data. Did you know that the average temperature on Mars is -81 degrees. Mars seasons are twice as long as earth s seasons because it takes Mars 687 days to orbit the sun. That s twice as many days as the earth takes to orbit the sun. (365 days). Did you know that Mars is named after the Roman god of war. Mars has two moons named Deimos and Phobos. These two moons are irregular shaped and are as big as the biggest satellite Well, in the early days of Venus scientist were studying Venus and it happened to look very similar to earth. The two planets were practically almost identical, because of its size. However, after a long period of time Venus happened to actually be very different from earth. Since Venus is closer to the sun than earth that caused the planet to change its climate. Scientist thought that even though it was just a little closer to the sun, the climate was only supposed to be slightly warmer than earth. But as the years go by Venus suddenly started to get warmer by the minute, and eventually all of the water on Venus evaporated. Of course not all of the water at once, but the more water that evaporated the more the temperature started to rise further. Which caused more water to evaporate, causing the temperature just get higher. This large amount of evaporation in the atmosphere began a cycle of global warming that could not be stopped. Since the increase of the temperature, today it is most likely that all of Venus s water has evaporated into the atmosphere. Now you know lots of interesting facts about Venus! Answer: He Was Bright Student!
Page12 Glossary Alkaline-Having a ph greater than 7 Ammonia-A colorless gas Atmosphere-The envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet Atoms-The basic unit of a chemical element Circumference-The enclosing boundary of a curved geometric figure Carbon-It s a solid that s a chemical element Gravity-The force that attracts a body toward the center of the earth or any other planet Gravitational Pull-The attraction between all the masses in the universe Helium-Chemical element of atomic 2 Hydrogen-A colorless, odorless, highly flammable gas Methane- A colorless flammable gas Molecular Gas- Consisting of molecules Molecules- A group of atoms Nebula-A cloud of gas visible at night Petroleum-It s an oily liquid found in earth in certain layers of rock Solar System- The collection of planets and their moons in orbit around the sun Stellar Nebula- The nebulosity surrounding a star Super nova-a super nova is a stellar explosion that is more energetic than a nova Tidal Breaking-Tidal locking occurs when the gravitational gradient makes one side of an astronomical body always face another Ionized-To convert into ions