MEASUREMENTS USED IN BIOLOGY SCIENTIFIC NOTATION, METRIC SYSTEM, & CONVERSIONS
MEASUREMENTS USED IN BIOLOGY Vocabulary scientific notation metric system Objectives Be able to write numbers in scientific notation. Know the major units of the metric system & be able to convert from one unit to another. Measurements & Units Used in Biology 2
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION shorthand notation that offers concise way to express very large or very small numbers as powers of 10 M x 10 N where M = # between 1 & 10; N = integer positive integer means move decimal to right e.g., 1.24 x 10 5 = 124000. negative integer means move decimal to left e.g., 2.37 x 10-3 = 0.00237 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 3
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION: POWERS OF TEN 1 = 10 0 0.1 = 10-1 0.01 = 10-2 0.001 = 10-3 0.0001 = 10-4 0.00001 = 10-5 0.000001 = 10-6 1 = 100 10 = 10 1 100 = 10 2 1000 = 10 3 10,000 = 10 4 100,000 = 10 5 1,000,000 = 10 6 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 4
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION Examples: 1000 = 2,000,000 = 13,000,000,000 = 0.01 = Measurements & Units Used in Biology 5
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION Examples: 1000 = 10 3 2,000,000 = 2 10 6 13,000,000,000 = 1.3 10 10 0.01 = 10-2 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 6
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION: MULTIPLYING & DIVIDING (1x10 5 ) (1x10 7 )= 1x10 5+7 = 1x10 12 (1x10 5 ) (1x10-3 ) = 1x10 5+ -3 = 1x10 2 (1x10 12 ) (1x10 4 )= 1x10 12-4 = 1x10 8 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 7
THE METRIC SYSTEM: WHY DO WE NEED TO LEARN THIS? Metric mishap caused loss of NASA orbiter NASA's Climate Orbiter was lost Sept. 23, 1999 By Robin Lloyd CNN Interactive Senior Writer (CNN) -- NASA lost a $125 million Mars orbiter because a Lockheed Martin engineering team used English units of measurement while the agency's team used the more conventional metric system for a key spacecraft operation, according to a review finding released Thursday. Measurements & Units Used in Biology 8
THE METRIC SYSTEM: WHY DO WE NEED TO LEARN THIS? only 3 countries have not officially adopted the metric system: Burma(Myanmar), Liberia & USA Measurements & Units Used in Biology 9
THE METRIC SYSTEM Measurements & Units Used in Biology 10
METRIC SYSTEM metric system - universal system of measurements scaled on multiples of 10 used by scientists all over world (SI - international system of units) favored b/c measurements can be converted with ease conversions between orders of magnitude are based on powers of ten, so to convert you just need to move decimal point = Measurements & Units Used in Biology 11
METRIC SYSTEM: ORIGINS founding father of metric system: most historians agree on Gabriel Mouton (scientist & vicar of St. Paul's Church in Lyons, France) 1670: proposed a decimal system of measurement based it on length of 1 minute of arc of a great circle of Earth (now called a nautical mile, 1852 meters) Measurements & Units Used in Biology 12
Measurements & Units Used in Biology 13
METRIC SYSTEM: SI UNITS SI metric unit for Length (straight line distance between 2 points): meter (m) Volume (amount of space an object occupies): liter (L) for liquids cubic centimeter (cc or cm 3 ) for solids Mass (quantity of matter in an object): kilogram (kg) Weight (measure of gravity s pull on mass): newton (N) Temperature: Celsius scale ( C) Measurements & Units Used in Biology 14
METRIC SYSTEM: TEMPERATURE Fahrenheit Scale or Celsius Scale formula to convert between Kelvin (SI Base Unit) & degrees Celsius is: Measurements & Units Used in Biology 15
Measurements & Units Used in Biology 16
WATER TEMPERATURE SCALE English System Fahrenheit ( F) Metric System Celsius ( C) Boiling Point 212 F 100 C Freezing Point 32 F 0 C Measurements & Units Used in Biology 17
TEMPERATURE SCALE Room Temperature English System Fahrenheit ( F) 68-77 F Metric System Celsius ( C) 20-25 C Body Temperature 98.9 F 37 C Measurements & Units Used in Biology 18
METRIC SYSTEM: CONVERSIONS metric system units are multiples of 10 in order to convert from one unit to the next, you need to move the decimal point move decimal point to right à same as multiplying by 10 move decimal point to left ß same as dividing by 10 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 19
Kilo 1000X Hecto 100x Deka 10x Standard Unit Deci 1/10 Centi 1/100 Milli 1/1000 Kilometer (abbr. Km) 1Km = 1000m Hectometer (abbr. Hm) 1Hm = 100m Dekameter (abbr. Dm) 1 Dm/dk) = 10m Meter (m) Decimeter (abbr. dm) 1dm = 0.1m Centimeter (abbr. cm) 1cm = 0.01m Millimeter (abbr. mm) 1mm = 0.001m Kilo 1000X Hecto 100x Deka 10x Standard Unit Deci 1/10 Centi 1/100 Milli 1/1000 Kiloliter (abbr. KL) 1KL= 1000L Hectoliter (abbr. HL) 1HL = 100L Dekaliter (abbr. DL) 1 DL = 10L Liter (L) Deciliter (abbr. dl) 1dL = 0.1L Centiliter (abbr. cl) 1cL = 0.01L Milliliter (abbr. ml) 1mL = 0.001L Kilo 1000X Hecto 100x Deka 10x Standard Unit Deci 1/10 Centi 1/100 Milli 1/1000 Kiloliter (abbr. Kg) 1Kg= 1000g Hectoliter (abbr. Hg) 1Hg = 100g Dekaliter (abbr. Dg) 1 Dg = 10g Gram (g) Deciliter (abbr. dg) 1dg = 0.1g Centiliter (abbr. cg) 1cg = 0.01g Milliliter (abbr. mg) 1mg = 0.001g
KILO 1000 Units 1 2 HECTO 100 Units Ladder Method DEKA 10 Units 3 Meters Liters Grams DECI 0.1 Unit CENTI 0.01 Unit MILLI 0.001 Unit How do you use the ladder method? 1 st Determine your starting point. 2 nd Count the jumps to your ending point. 4 km = m Starting Point Ending Point How many jumps does it take? 3 rd Move the decimal the same number of jumps in the same direction. 4. 1. 2. 3. = 4000 m
METRIC SYSTEM: CONVERSION FACTORS conversion factor ratio of equivalent measurements that is used to convert a quantity expressed in one unit to another unit 1000 m = 1 km or Measurements & Units Used in Biology 22
PICKET FENCE METHOD FOR METRIC CONVERSION PROBLEMS Metric Conversion Example: Convert 46.5 mg to grams. 46.5 mg 1 g 1000 mg = 0.0465g Measurements & Units Used in Biology 23
PICKET FENCE METHOD FOR METRIC CONVERSION PROBLEMS Problem: Convert the height of Mt. Everest, 8848 meters, into kilometers Measurements & Units Used in Biology 24
PICKET FENCE METHOD FOR METRIC CONVERSION PROBLEMS 8848 m Measurements & Units Used in Biology 25
PICKET FENCE METHOD FOR METRIC CONVERSION PROBLEMS 8848 m 1000 m = 1 km or Measurements & Units Used in Biology 26
PICKET FENCE METHOD FOR METRIC CONVERSION PROBLEMS 8848 m 1km 1000 m 1000 m = 1 km or Measurements & Units Used in Biology 27
PICKET FENCE METHOD FOR METRIC CONVERSION PROBLEMS 8848 m 1km 1000 m 1000 m = 1 km or Measurements & Units Used in Biology 28
PICKET FENCE METHOD FOR METRIC CONVERSION PROBLEMS 8848 m 1km 1000 m Measurements & Units Used in Biology 29
PICKET FENCE METHOD FOR METRIC CONVERSION PROBLEMS 8848 m 1km 1000 m Measurements & Units Used in Biology 30
PICKET FENCE METHOD FOR METRIC CONVERSION PROBLEMS 8848 m 1km 1000 m Measurements & Units Used in Biology 31
PICKET FENCE METHOD FOR METRIC CONVERSION PROBLEMS 8848 m 1km 1000 m 8848 km 1000 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 32
PICKET FENCE METHOD FOR METRIC CONVERSION PROBLEMS 8848 m 1km 1000 m 8848 km 1000 8.848 km Measurements & Units Used in Biology 33
PRACTICE PROBLEM: CONVERT 125 cm TO Km Measurements & Units Used in Biology 34
PRACTICE PROBLEM: CONVERT 125 cm TO Km 125 cm Measurements & Units Used in Biology 35
PRACTICE PROBLEM: CONVERT 125 cm TO Km 125 cm 100 cm = 1 m or Measurements & Units Used in Biology 36
PRACTICE PROBLEM: CONVERT 125 cm TO Km 125 cm 1 m 100 cm 100 cm = 1 m or Measurements & Units Used in Biology 37
PRACTICE PROBLEM: CONVERT 125 cm TO Km 125 cm 1 m 100 cm 100 cm = 1 m or Measurements & Units Used in Biology 38
PRACTICE PROBLEM: CONVERT 125 cm TO Km 125 cm 1 m 100 cm 1000 m = 1 km or Measurements & Units Used in Biology 39
PRACTICE PROBLEM: CONVERT 125 cm TO Km 125 cm 1 m 100 cm 1Km 1000m 1000 m = 1 km or Measurements & Units Used in Biology 40
PRACTICE PROBLEM: CONVERT 125 cm TO Km 125 cm 1 m 100 cm 1Km 1000m 1000 m = 1 km or Measurements & Units Used in Biology 41
PRACTICE PROBLEM: CONVERT 125 cm TO Km 125 cm 1 m 100 cm 1Km 1000m Measurements & Units Used in Biology 42
PRACTICE PROBLEM: CONVERT 125 cm TO Km 125 cm 1 m 100 cm 1Km 1000m Measurements & Units Used in Biology 43
PRACTICE PROBLEM: CONVERT 125 cm TO Km 125 cm 1 m 100 cm 1Km 1000m Measurements & Units Used in Biology 44
PRACTICE PROBLEM: CONVERT 125 cm TO Km 125 cm 1 m 100 cm 1Km 1000m 125 km 100,000 Measurements & Units Used in Biology 45
PRACTICE PROBLEM: CONVERT 125 cm TO Km 125 cm 1 m 100 cm 1Km 1000m 125 km 100,000 0.00125Km Measurements & Units Used in Biology 46
PRACTICE PROBLEM: CONVERT 125 cm TO Km 125 cm 1 m 100 cm 1Km 1000m 125 km 100,000 0.00125Km 1.25 x10-3 Km Measurements & Units Used in Biology 47
EXAMPLE: CONVERT 125 cm TO Km 125 cm 1 m x 100 cm x 1Km 1000m = 0.00125Km 1.25 x10-3 Km Measurements & Units Used in Biology 48