Physics 2 AP-B This course s curriculum is aligned with College Board s Advanced Placement Program (AP) Physics B Course Description, which supports and encourages the following broad instructional goals: AP Goal 1. Physics knowledge Know and apply the basic knowledge of the discipline of physics, including phenomenology, theories and techniques, concepts, and general principles of the following topics (corresponds to STATE GOAL 12: Understand the fundamental concepts, principles and interconnections of the life, physical and earth/space sciences.): AP Content Area Newtonian Mechanics o Measurement and Problem Solving - Why and how we measure - SI Units of length, mass, and time - Dimensional analysis and unit analysis - Unit Conversions - Significant figures - Problem Solving o Kinematics: Description of Motion - Distance and Speed: Scalar Quantities - One-Dimensional Displacement and Velocity: Vector Quantities - Acceleration - Kinematics Equations - Free Fall o Motion in Two Dimensions - Components of Motion - Vector Addition and Subtraction - Relative Velocity: applying vector addition - Projectile Motion o Force and Motion - The Concepts of Force and Net Force - Inertia and Newton's First Law of Motion - Newton's Second Law of Motion - Newton's Third Law of Motion - Free Body Diagrams and Translational Equilibrium - Friction o Work and Energy - Work Done by a Constant Force - Work Done by a Variable Force: Hooke's Law - The Work-Energy Theorem: Kinetic Energy - Potential Energy - The Conservation of Mechanical Energy - Power o Linear Momentum and Collisions - Linear Momentum - Impulse
- The Conservation of Linear Momentum - Elastic and Inelastic Collisions - Center of Mass - Jet Propulsion and Jets o Circular Motion and Gravitation - Angular Measure - Angular Speed and Velocity - Uniform Circular Motion and Centripetal Acceleration - Angular Acceleration - Newton's Law of Gravitation - Kepler's Laws and Earth Satellites o Rotational Motion and Equilibrium - Rigid Bodies, Translations, and Rotations - Mass and Moment of Inertia - Torque, Equilibrium, and Stability - Rotational Dynamics - Rotational Work and Kinetic Energy - Angular Momentum AP Content Areas Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Physics o Solids and Fluids - Solids and Elastic Moduli - Fluids: Pressure and Pascal's Principle - Buoyancy and Archimedes' Principle - Fluid Dynamics and Bernoulli's Principle o Temperature and Kinetic Theory - Temperature and Heat - Temperature Scales - The Gas Laws and absolute temperatures - Thermal Expansion - Kinetic Theory of Gases o Heat - Units of Heat - Specific Heat - Phase changes and latent heat - Heat Transfer o Thermodynamics - Thermodynamics systems, states, and processes - The First Law of Thermodynamics - Thermodynamics processes for an ideal gas - The Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy - Heat Engines and thermal pumps - The Carnot Cycle and ideal heat engines AP Content Area Electricity and Magnetism o Electric Charge, Forces, and Fields - Electric Charge - Electrostatic charging
- Electric Force - Electrical Field - Conductors and electric fields o Electrical Potential, Energy, and Capacitance - Electrical potential energy and electric potential difference - Equipotential Surfaces and the Electric Field - Capacitance - Dielectrics - Capacitors in Series and Parallel o Electric Current and Resistance - Batteries and Direct Current - Current and Drift Velocity - Resistance and Ohm's Law - Electrical Power o Basic Electric Circuits - Resistances in Series, Parallel, and Combination - Multiloop circuits and Kirchhoff's rules - RC Circuits - Voltmeters, Ammeters, and Galvanometers - Household Circuits and Electrical Safety o Magnetism - Magnets, Magnetic Poles, and Magnetic Field Direction - Magnetic Field Strength and Magnetic Force - Magnetic Forces on Current-Carrying Wires - Applications of Electromagnetism - Electromagnetism; Sources of Magnetic Fields - Magnetic Materials - The Earth's Magnetic Field o Electromagnetic Induction and Waves - Magnetic Flux - Faraday's Law of Induction - Induced emf: Faraday's Law and Lenz's Law - Electric Generators and back emf - Transformers and Power Transmission - Electromagnetic Waves AP Content Area Waves and Optics o Vibrations and Waves - Simple Harmonic Motion - Equations of SHM - Wave Motion - Wave properties - Standing Waves and Resonance o Sound - Properties of Sound Waves - The Speed of Sound - Sound intensity and sound intensity level
- Sound phenomena - Doppler Effect - Musical Instruments and Sound Characteristics o Reflection and Refraction of Light - Wave Fronts and Rays - Reflection - Refraction - Total Internal Reflection and Fiber Optics - Dispersion o Mirrors and Lenses - Plane Mirrors - Spherical Mirrors - Lenses - Lens aberrations o Physical Optics: The Wave Nature of Light - Young's Double-Slit Interference - Thin-Films Interference - Diffraction - Polarization AP Content Area Atomic and Nuclear Physics o Quantum Physics - Quantization: Planck's Hypothesis - Quanta of Light: Photons and the Photoelectric Effect - Quantum Particles: The Compton Effect - The Bohr Theory of the Hydrogen Atom - The Laser o Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Physics - Matter Waves: The De Broglie Hypothesis - The Schrödinger Wave Equation - Atomic Quantum Numbers and the Periodic Table - The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle - Particles and Antiparticles o The Nucleus - Nuclear Structure and the Nuclear Force - Radioactivity - Decay Rate and Half-Life - Nuclear Stability and Binding Energy - Radiation detection and applications o Nuclear Reactions and Elementary Particles - Nuclear Reactions - Nuclear Fission - Nuclear Fusion - Beta Decay and the Neutrino - Fundamental forces and exchange particles - Elementary particles - The Quark model
- Force unification theories, the standard model, and the early universe 2. Problem solving Demonstrate the ability to ask physical questions and to obtain solutions to physical questions by use of qualitative and quantitative reasoning and by experimental investigation (corresponds to STATE GOAL 11: Understand the processes of scientific inquiry and technological design to investigate questions, conduct experiments and solve problems.) Read, understand, and interpret physical information verbal, mathematical, and graphical Describe and explain the sequence of steps in the analysis of a particular physical phenomenon or problem; that is, o describe the idealized model to be used in the analysis, including simplifying assumptions where necessary; o state the concepts or definitions that are applicable; o specify relevant limitations on applications of these principles; o carry out and describe the steps of the analysis, verbally or mathematically; and o interpret the results or conclusions, including discussion of particular cases of special interest Use basic mathematical reasoning arithmetic, algebraic, geometric, trigonometric, or calculus, where appropriate in a physical situation or problem Perform experiments and interpret the results of observations, including making an assessment of experimental uncertainties o design experiments; o observe and measure real phenomena; o organize, display, and critically analyze data; o analyze sources of error and determine uncertainties in measurement; o draw inferences from observations and data; and o communicate results, including suggested ways to improve experiments and proposed questions for further study. 3. Student attributes Develop appreciation of the physical world and the discipline of physics, curiosity, creativity, and reasoned skepticism 4. Connections Understand connections of physics to other disciplines and to societal issues (corresponds to STATE GOAL 13: Understand the relationships among science, technology and society in historical and contemporary contexts.) A. Know and apply the accepted practices of science. *Understand past and current science issues, procedures, and technology. *Understand how culture and ethics affect science. *Describe corresponding patterns of affinity within various areas of science. Know how scientific inquiry is influenced by beliefs, traditions, views, and actions of society. Predict the consequences of technological change. B. Know and apply concepts that describe the interaction between science, technology and society. *Be able to discuss and understand current science issues, discoveries and new technology and apply these issues to your life.
Recognize relationship of structure to function. Recognize relationships between science and technology. Cite the technological developments of society. Recognize the effects between natural and technological world. Evaluate data collected by scientists and others to demonstrate changes in the environment. Cite potential consequences resulting from interaction between technological advances and the environment.