Botany Physiology Name C/By Due Date Code Period Earned Points Bot Phys 5N5 Stem Forms Bot Phys 5-05 Identify the major forms of stems in plants I. Identify the major forms of stems in plants A. internal features of stems 1. apical meristem: Tissues at the tip of a stem capable of cell division, gives rise to stem elongation 2. epidermis: Outer layer of wax-coated cells that provides protection and covering 3. cortex: Primary tissues of a stem in between the epidermis and the phloem 4. vascular bundle: Tissues used to transport materials in the stem a. xylem: Distributes water and minerals from the roots up through the plant; becomes the woody tissue b. cambium: The single-celled layer of dividing tissues that continually forms phloem (toward the outside) and xylem (toward the inside) c. cell division of the cambium adds width to the stem d. phloem or inner bark: Distributes the products of photosynthesis throughout the plant 5. pith: Center of dicot plant stems B. external features of stems 1. bud: A stem's primary growing point a. can be either leaf buds (vegetative) or flower buds (reproductive) b. terminal bud: Bud at the tip of a stem c. lateral bud: Bud that grows from the leaf base on the side of a stem d. bud scale: A modified leaf protecting and covering a bud 2. leaf scar: Mark left on stem where leaf was attached 3. bundle scar: Marks left in the leaf scar from the vascular tissue attachment 4. lenticel: Pores that allow for gas exchange 5. node: Segment of stem where leaves and lateral buds are attached 6. internode: Section of a stem between two nodes 7. bark: Protective outer tissue that develops with age C. common types of stems 1. woody plants a. shoot: First year growth on a woody or herbaceous plant b. twig: Woody stem less than one year old c. branch: Woody stem more than one year old d. trunk: Main support stem(s) of woody plants e. water sprout: Juvenile adventitious shoots arising on a branch f. sucker: Juvenile adventitious shoots arising from the roots g. cane: Stems with relatively large pith and usually living for only one to two years 2. modified Stems a. bulb: Thickened, underground stem with fleshy storage leaves attached at base b. corm: Short, thickened, underground stem with reduced scaly leaves Botany Physiology code Page 1 of 5
c. crown: Compressed stem having leaves and flowers growing above and roots beneath d. runner or stolon: Horizontal, above-ground stems often forming roots and/or plantlets at their tips or nodes e. rhizome: Horizontal, underground stem, typically forms roots and plantlets at tips or nodes f. spur: Very compressed, fruiting twig found on some trees g. twining stem: Modified stem used for climbing - some twist clockwise; others twist counterclockwise Bot Phys 5-05 Identify the major forms of stems in plants apical meristem: Tissues at the tip of a stem capable of cell division, gives rise to stem elongation epidermis: Outer layer of wax-coated cells that provides protection and covering cortex: Primary tissues of a stem in between the epidermis and the phloem vascular bundle: Tissues used to transport materials in the stem xylem: Distributes water and minerals from the roots up through the plant; becomes the woody tissue cambium: The single-celled layer of dividing tissues that continually forms phloem (toward the outside) and xylem (toward the inside) phloem: Distributes the products of photosynthesis throughout the plant, the inner bark inner bark: Distributes the products of photosynthesis throughout the plant, the phloem pith: Center of dicot plant stems bud: A stem's primary growing point terminal bud: Bud at the tip of a stem lateral bud: Bud that grows from the leaf base on the side of a stem bud scale: A modified leaf protecting and covering a bud leaf scar: Mark left on stem where leaf was attached bundle scar: Marks left in the leaf scar from the vascular tissue attac lenticel: Pores that allow for gas exchange node: Segment of stem where leaves and lateral buds are attached internode: Section of a stem between two nodes bark: Protective outer tissue that develops with age shoot: First year growth on a woody or herbaceous plant twig: Woody stem less than one year old branch: Woody stem more than one year old trunk: Main support stem(s) of woody plants water sprout: Juvenile adventitious shoots arising on a branch sucker: Juvenile adventitious shoots arising from the roots cane: Stems with relatively large pith and usually living for only one to two years bulb: Thickened, underground stem with fleshy storage leaves attached at base corm: Short, thickened, underground stem with reduced scaly leaves crown: Compressed stem having leaves and flowers growing above and roots beneath runner: Horizontal, above-ground stems often forming roots and/or plantlets at their tips or nodes, a stolon stolon: Horizontal, above-ground stems often forming roots and/or plantlets at their tips or nodes, a runner rhizome: Horizontal, underground stem, typically forms roots and plantlets at tips or nodes spur: Very compressed, fruiting twig found on some trees twining stem: Modified stem used for climbing - some twist clockwise; others twist counter-clockwise Botany Physiology code Page 2 of 5
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