How Does Earth Move in Space? G4_EI_00008 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Patti decided to use a basketball as a model of Earth. She placed the ball on the floor and then spun it. What was Patti demonstrating with her model of Earth? A Earth's axis B Earth's orbit C Earth's rotation D Earth's revolution ANS: C A is incorrect because the basketball does not have any object passing through it that represents Earth's axis. B is incorrect because the basketball would have to circle another object to model Earth's orbit. C is correct because rotation involves the spinning of a body, such as Earth. D is incorrect because the basketball would have to circle another object to show Earth's revolution or path around the sun. Understanding REF: 2c290316-e685-11de-9c72-001185f0d2ea STA: SC.4.E.5.3 SC.4.N.3.1 KEY: rotation model Earth MSC: Florida FCAT Preparation Lesson g4_ei_00008 quiz 2. Juan drew the illustration below as a two-dimensional model of how Earth moves in space.
How long does it take for Earth to complete one full movement that is shown in this illustration? A 1 day B 1 week C 1 month D 1 year ANS: A is correct because one complete rotation by Earth takes 1 day (24 hr). B is incorrect because Earth completes seven rotations in 1 week. C is incorrect because Earth completes about 30 rotations in 1 month. D is incorrect because Earth completes 365 rotations in 1 year. Thinking Bloom's Traditional: Analysis Bloom's Revised: Evaluating REF: 2c2b6571-e685-11de-9c72-001185f0d2ea STA: SC.4.E.5.3 SC.4.E.5.4 SC.4.N.3.1 KEY: axis rotation day model Earth MSC: Florida FCAT Preparation Uses visual element SE Unit g4_unit2 FCAT pages 3. The motions of Earth, the sun, and the moon can be shown with simple diagrams. For example, look closely at the following diagram.
Which letter represents the motion that takes about 28 days? A R B S C T D W ANS: D A is incorrect because R represents Earth. B is incorrect because S represents the moon. C is incorrect because T shows the orbit or revolution of Earth around the sun, which takes about 365 days. D is correct because it shows the revolution of the moon around Earth, which takes about 28 days. Thinking Bloom's Traditional: Analysis Bloom's Revised: Evaluating REF: 2c2b8c81-e685-11de-9c72-001185f0d2ea STA: SC.4.E.5.3 SC.4.N.3.1 TOP: Form a model to represent the observable motion across the sky. KEY: month orbit revolution Earth moon sun MSC: Florida FCAT Preparation Uses visual element Unit g4_unit2 test 4. Earth orbits the sun. Yet the sun appears to move through the sky. For example, the sun always appears to rise in the east and set in the west. What is responsible for this apparent motion of the sun? A Earth's size B Earth's orbit C Earth's rotation D Earth's revolution ANS: C
A is incorrect because the sun would still appear to rise in the east and set in the west even if Earth's size were different. B is incorrect because Earth's orbit accounts for the length of a year and the various seasons. C is correct because as Earth rotates in a counterclockwise manner as viewed from the North Pole, the sun will appear in the east, move across the sky, and then set in the west. D is incorrect because Earth's revolution around the sun is responsible for the length of a year and the seasons. Thinking Bloom's Traditional: Comprehension Bloom's Revised: Understanding REF: 2c2dc7cc-e685-11de-9c72-001185f0d2ea STA: SC.4.E.5.3 SC.4.E.5.4 SC.4.N.1.7 Form a model to represent the observable motion of the Sun and Moon. across the sky. KEY: day rotation sun Earth MSC: Florida FCAT Preparation Lesson g4_ei_00008 quiz 5. Earth, the sun, and the moon all rotate. The table below lists how long it takes each one to complete one rotation. Object Earth moon sun Time to complete one rotation About 24 hr About 27 days About 27 days What can you conclude from the data in this table? A The moon spins faster than the sun. B The sun spins faster than the moon. C Both the sun and moon spin faster than Earth. D Both the sun and moon spin more slowly than Earth. ANS: D A is incorrect because both the sun and moon take the same amount of time to complete one rotation, and therefore both spin at the same rate. B is incorrect because both the sun and moon take the same amount of time to complete one rotation, and therefore both spin at the same rate. C is incorrect because Earth takes less time to complete one rotation, and therefore spins faster than the sun and moon. D is correct because the sun and moon take more time to complete one rotation, and therefore spin more slowly than Earth. and Concepts Bloom's Traditional: Analysis Bloom's Revised: Evaluating REF: 2c2deedc-e685-11de-9c72-001185f0d2ea
STA: SC.4.E.5.3 SC.4.E.5.4 SC.4.N.1.7 KEY: sun rotation Earth moon MSC: Florida FCAT Preparation Uses visual element Lesson g4_ei_00008 quiz 6. While Earth revolves around the sun, Earth is also rotating. About how many rotations does Earth complete as it orbits once around the sun? A 1 B 7 C 30 D 365 ANS: D A in incorrect because Earth completes about 365 rotations in one orbit around the sun, which takes a year to complete. One rotation takes only 24 hr. B is incorrect because Earth completes about 365 rotations in one orbit around the sun, which takes a year to complete. Seven rotations take only 1 week. C is incorrect because Earth completes about 365 rotations in one orbit around the sun, which takes a year to complete. Thirty rotations take only about a month. D is correct because Earth completes about 365 rotations every year, which is the time it takes to complete one orbit around the sun. Understanding REF: 2c302a27-e685-11de-9c72-001185f0d2ea STA: SC.4.E.5.3 KEY: sun orbit revolution rotation year Earth MSC: Florida FCAT Preparation Lesson g4_ei_00008 quiz 7. A fourth-grader in Florida is doing an experiment in her science class. At the same time, a fourth-grader in China is getting a good night's sleep. What is responsible for it being daytime in Florida while it is nighttime in China? A Earth's rotation B Earth's revolution C moon's revolution D Earth's path as it orbits the sun ANS: A A is correct because Earth's rotation on its axis causes half the planet to be in sunlight and the other half to be in darkness. B is incorrect because Earth's revolution around the sun is responsible for the seasons and the length of a year, but not for the day night cycle on Earth. C is incorrect because the moon's revolution around Earth does not cause the day night cycle on Earth. Earth's rotation on its axis causes this. D is incorrect because the path of Earth's orbit does not cause the day night cycle on Earth. Earth's rotation on its axis causes this.
Understanding REF: 2c328c82-e685-11de-9c72-001185f0d2ea STA: SC.4.E.5.3 SC.4.E.5.4 KEY: sun day and night rotation Earth MSC: Florida FCAT Preparation SE Unit g4_unit2 FCAT pages 8. As Earth rotates, it is tilted on its axis. Which model correctly shows how much Earth tilts on its axis? A B C D ANS: B A is incorrect because this illustration does not show any tilt in Earth's axis. B is correct because it shows the proper degree of tilt (22.5 ) in Earth's axis. C is incorrect because it shows too much tilt (60 ) in Earth's axis. D is incorrect because Earth's axis is not tilted so that its poles point toward the sun. Understanding REF: 2c32b392-e685-11de-9c72-001185f0d2ea
STA: SC.4.E.5.3 SC.4.N.3.1 KEY: axis rotation Earth model MSC: Florida FCAT Preparation Uses visual element SE Unit g4_unit2 FCAT pages 9. This illustration shows how the sun, Earth, and moon line up at certain times. Why is the moon in a shadow? A Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the moon. B Earth is rotating on its axis once every 24 hours. C The sun passes between Earth and the moon. D The moon passes between Earth and the sun. ANS: A A is correct because Earth comes between the sun and the moon, casting its shadow on the moon. This event is called a lunar eclipse. B is incorrect because Earth's revolution, and not its rotation, is partly responsible for the shadow falling on the moon. C is incorrect because the sun never passes between Earth and the moon. Earth orbits the sun, and the moon orbits Earth. D is incorrect because this illustration shows Earth passing between the sun and the moon. Understanding REF: 2c34eedd-e685-11de-9c72-001185f0d2ea STA: SC.4.E.5.3 SC.4.E.5.4 SC.4.N.3.1 TOP: Form a model to represent the observable motion across the sky. KEY: sun orbit rotation revolution Earth moon MSC: Florida FCAT Preparation 10. Luis wanted to build a model of how Earth and the moon revolve and rotate. Which table below shows the best models Luis can use for Earth, the moon, and the sun?
A B C D ANS: D A is incorrect because the soccer ball should be the sun, the baseball should be Earth, and the golf ball should be the moon to best represent relative sizes. B is incorrect because although the baseball correctly represents Earth, the soccer ball should be the sun and the golf ball should be the moon to best represent relative sizes. C is incorrect because although the golf ball correctly represents the moon, the soccer ball should be the sun and the baseball should be Earth to best represent relative sizes. D is correct because the three balls best reflect the relative sizes of Earth, the moon, and the sun. Thinking Bloom's Traditional: Analysis Bloom's Revised: Evaluating REF: 2c375138-e685-11de-9c72-001185f0d2ea STA: SC.4.E.5.4 SC.4.N.3.1 TOP: Form a model to represent the observable motion across the sky. KEY: sun model Earth moon revolution rotation MSC: Florida FCAT Preparation Uses visual element Unit g4_unit2 test 11. Earth orbits the sun. The moon orbits Earth. This illustration shows how Earth, the sun, and the moon can sometimes line up.
Why is the moon casting a shadow on Earth? A The moon is larger than Earth. B The moon is farther from the sun than Earth is. C The moon is blocking sunlight from reaching Earth. D The moon is orbiting the sun faster than it orbits Earth. ANS: C A is incorrect because Earth is larger. B is incorrect because the illustration shows the moon closer to the sun. C is correct because as the moon orbits Earth, it sometimes passes between the sun and Earth. As a result, the moon blocks sunlight from reaching Earth. This is called a solar eclipse. D is incorrect because the moon orbits Earth but does not orbit the sun. Thinking Bloom's Traditional: Analysis Bloom's Revised: Evaluating REF: 2c377848-e685-11de-9c72-001185f0d2ea STA: SC.4.E.5.4 SC.4.N.3.1 TOP: Form a model to represent the observable motion across the sky. KEY: Earth moon sun axis model orbit revolution rotation MSC: Florida FCAT Preparation 12. Scientists use models to represent or explain things in the natural world. Why are models useful for the study of the movements of the sun, the moon, and Earth? A Models cannot be proved wrong. B Models are always accepted by all scientists. C Models describe the way things actually are. D Models can be used to make testable predictions. ANS: D A is incorrect because scientific models can be proved wrong. B is incorrect because scientific models are not always accepted by all scientists. C is incorrect because scientific models do not necessarily describe reality, as they can be proved wrong. D is correct because scientific models can be used to make testable predictions. DIF: Cognitive Complexity: Medium Complexity Depth of Knowledge 2: Skills
Understanding REF: 2c39b393-e685-11de-9c72-001185f0d2ea STA: SC.4.N.3.1 TOP: Form a model to represent the observable motion across the sky. KEY: Earth model movement MSC: Florida FCAT Preparation Lesson g4_ei_00008 quiz 13. Earth is constantly moving in space. What will happen between noon today and noon tomorrow? A Earth will complete 1 rotation. B Earth will complete 7 rotations. C Earth will complete about 30 rotations. D Earth will complete about 365 rotations. ANS: A A is correct because Earth rotates once on its axis every 24 hr. B is incorrect because 7 rotations take about a week, and not 24 hr. C is incorrect because 30 rotations take about a month, and not 24 hr. D is incorrect because 365 rotations take about a year, and not 24 hr. Understanding REF: 38be1153-e685-11de-9c72-001185f0d2ea STA: SC.4.E.5.3 KEY: day rotation Earth MSC: Florida FCAT Preparation g4_benchmark Test 2 14. Earth moves through space by spinning on its axis and by orbiting the sun. What will happen between January 1, 2012 and January 1, 2013? A Earth will complete 1 rotation. B Earth will complete 12 rotations. C Earth will complete 1 revolution. D Earth will complete 365 revolutions. ANS: C A is incorrect because Earth completes 1 rotation every 24 hr. B is incorrect because Earth completes 12 rotations in 12 days. C is correct because it takes Earth a year to complete 1 revolution, or orbit around the sun. D is incorrect because 365 revolutions would take 365 years, and not 365 days. Understanding REF: 38be3863-e685-11de-9c72-001185f0d2ea STA: SC.4.E.5.3 KEY: revolution rotation day year
MSC: Florida FCAT Preparation g4_benchmark Test 3 15. Earth revolves around the sun. Look closely at the illustration below, which shows Earth revolving around the sun. How long will it take for Earth to travel between the two points shown in this illustration? A one week B one month C six months D twelve months ANS: C A is incorrect because the illustration shows Earth completing half its orbit, which takes about six months and not one week. B is incorrect because Earth takes six months, and not one month to travel through half its orbit. C is correct because it takes about six months or half of a year for Earth to complete half of a revolution. D is incorrect because it would take twelve months (one year) to complete one orbit; it therefore takes only six months for Earth to complete half of a revolution. and Concepts Bloom's Traditional: Analysis Bloom's Revised: Analyzing REF: 38c073ae-e685-11de-9c72-001185f0d2ea STA: SC.4.E.5.3 KEY: Earth revolution orbit MSC: Florida FCAT Preparation Uses visual element g4_benchmark Test 1 16. Both Earth and the moon rotate and revolve. The table below lists about how long it takes for these rotations and revolutions. Object Rotation Revolution Earth 24 hr 365 days moon 27 days 29 days What can you conclude from this table? A Earth takes longer than the moon to complete one rotation. B The moon takes longer than Earth to complete one revolution. C The moon takes almost the same time to complete one rotation and one revolution.
D Earth completes one rotation in the same time it takes the moon to complete one revolution. ANS: C A is incorrect because the table shows that Earth takes much less time than the moon to complete one rotation. B is incorrect because the table shows that Earth takes much longer to complete one revolution. C is correct because the table shows that the periods of rotation and revolution for the moon are about the same. This is why we always see the same side of the moon. D is incorrect because the table shows that Earth takes much less time to complete one rotation than it does for the moon to complete one revolution. Thinking Bloom's Traditional: Analysis Bloom's Revised: Analyzing REF: 38c09abe-e685-11de-9c72-001185f0d2ea STA: SC.4.E.5.4 KEY: Earth moon revolution rotation MSC: Florida FCAT Preparation Uses visual element g4_benchmark Test 2 17. The movements of Earth and the moon are related. Look closely at the illustration below. Which letter represents the movement that takes the longest amount of time? A A B B C C D D ANS: D A is incorrect because this represents the moon's rotation, which takes about 27 days. B is incorrect because this represents the moon's revolution, which takes about 29 days. C is incorrect because this represents Earth's rotation, which takes about 24 hr.
D is correct because this represents Earth's revolution, which takes about 365 days. Thinking Bloom's Traditional: Analysis Bloom's Revised: Analyzing REF: 38c2d609-e685-11de-9c72-001185f0d2ea STA: SC.4.E.5.4 KEY: Earth moon rotation revolution orbit MSC: Florida FCAT Preparation Uses visual element g4_benchmark Test 3 18. During the day, the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. During the night, the moon and stars appear to move across the sky. What makes the sun, moon, and stars appear to move across the sky? A Earth's rotation B the sun's rotation C Earth's revolution D the moon's rotation ANS: A A is correct because objects in the sky appear to move as Earth spins on its axis. B is incorrect because Earth's rotation, and not the sun's rotation, is what makes objects appear to move across the sky. C is incorrect because Earth's rotation, and not its revolution, is what makes objects appear to move across the sky. D is incorrect because Earth's rotation, and not the moon's rotation, is what makes objects appear to move across the sky. Thinking Bloom's Traditional: Comprehension Bloom's Revised: Understanding REF: 38c53864-e685-11de-9c72-001185f0d2ea STA: SC.4.E.5.4 KEY: Earth moon rotation sun MSC: Florida FCAT Preparation g4_benchmark Test 1 SHORT ANSWER 1. The moon's period of revolution is 27.3 days. Earth's period of revolution is 365.25 days. What can you conclude about the movement of Earth and the moon in space from this information? ANS: Sample answers: The moon orbits Earth much faster than Earth orbits the sun. or
Earth orbits the sun at a much slower rate than the moon orbits Earth. Students' answers should include at least one of these inferences: The moon revolves at a faster rate than Earth. Earth revolves at a slower rate than the moon. It takes less time for the moon to complete one orbit than it does for Earth. Understanding REF: 2c3c15ee-e685-11de-9c72-001185f0d2ea STA: SC.4.E.5.3 SC.4.E.5.4 TOP: Form a model to represent the observable motion across the sky. KEY: Earth moon sun revolution MSC: Test Generator 2. Imagine that Earth were twice as far from the sun as it really is. How would this affect Earth's rotation and revolution? ANS: The greater distance would not affect its rotation. However, the greater distance would make a revolution take longer. Students' answers should include: The rate of Earth's rotation would not change. The time it takes to complete one orbit would increase. Thinking Bloom's Traditional: Analysis Bloom's Revised: Evaluating REF: 2c3c3cfe-e685-11de-9c72-001185f0d2ea STA: SC.4.E.5.3 SC.4.E.5.4 KEY: Earth revolution rotation MSC: Test Generator ESSAY 1. The positions of Earth, the moon, and the sun determine the phases of the moon. When a person in Florida looks up at the sky on a clear night and sees a full moon, how are Earth, the moon, and the sun lined up? Explain how this causes a full moon, and what the full moon looks like. ANS: Sample answer: The moon must be on one side of Earth and the sun is on the opposite side. The half of the moon that faces Earth is in full sunlight. A person on Earth would therefore see the moon as a round object lit up in the night sky.
Students' answers should include: During a full moon, the moon is on one side of Earth and the sun is on the opposite side. Sunlight illuminates the half of the moon facing Earth. A viewer on Earth would see the moon as a round object. Thinking Bloom's Traditional: Analysis Bloom's Revised: Evaluating REF: 2c3e7849-e685-11de-9c72-001185f0d2ea STA: SC.4.E.5.3 SC.4.E.5.4 KEY: Earth moon sun orbit phases of the moon MSC: Test Generator