Final Review Topics, Terms, Labs, and Relationships Definitions Independent Variable: Dependent Variable: Controlled Variable: Sample Data Table: Sample Graph: Graph shapes and Variable Relationships (written and mathematical) direct relationship between y and x directly proportional relationship between y and x No relationship between y and x quadratic relationship(s) between y and x
Energy Storage Mechanism Definitions E G E C E El E k E I Motion Units Definition, symbol, and unit for each physical quantity: position/ ( ): displacement/ ( ): distance/ ( ): time/ ( ): time interval/ ( ): speed/ ( ): average velocity/ ( ): instantaneous velocity/ ( ): acceleration/ ( ):
Labs and their graphs BB in a tube Blinky/Toy car Wheel-n-Axle and Inclined Glider Hoverpuck on a smooth level surface Inclined Hoverpuck Gravitational Force vs. Mass
Forces Terms F G F N F f F T F P Definition(s) and units Weight: Mass: gravitational field strength: Newton s Laws 1 st Law 3 rd Law
Practice Problems I. On each number line, you will see two cars: an initial car (dashed) and a final car (solid). Record the positions of each car. Write a mathematical expression for calculating the change in position of the car Record the change in position of the car. 1. -10-5 0 5 10 Initial Position = Final Position = Change in Position = Change in Position = 2. -10-5 0 5 10 Initial Position = Final Position = Change in Position = Change in Position = 3. -10-5 0 5 10 Initial Position = Final Position = Change in Position = Change in Position =
II. For each of the following graphs in the next two questions: a. Describe how the motion of object 2 differs from the motion of object 1. Explain how you know. (2 points) b. Sketch the graph of velocity vs. time for object 1 and object 2. (label that is which) (2 points) 4. 5.
III. The next section involves making graphs from an experiment. Read and answer each question. 6. A student watches slug walking across a sidewalk. He decides to write down the position of the slug (in centimeters) as time goes on (in seconds). He obtains the following data: time (s) position (cm) 0 2 1 6 2 10 3 14 4 18 a. Scale the vertical axis and make a graph of position vs. time from the data. Make sure to use a proper scale, include point protectors and a best-fit line. ( 3 points) b. What is the slope of the graph? Show your work. Include units. c. What is the y-intercept of the graph? Include units 1 2 3 4 5 t (s) d. What part of the graph do you look at to find the slug s starting position? e. What about the graph will tell you the slug s average velocity? f. Write a mathematical model for the relationship between position and time. Don t forget the units.
g. Where is the slug at t = 2.3s? Show work. Include units. h. On the next page, draw the velocity vs. time graph for the slug. (scale the axis and draw a best-fit line) (2 points) i. What is the slope of this graph? v (m/s) t (s) j. What is the y-intercept of this graph? Include units k. What is the acceleration of the slug? Explain how you know l. Write a mathematical model describing the motion of the slug from this graph.
m. How fast is the slug moving at t = 2.3s? Include units. How do you know? IV. Below is position vs. time graph for a wheel rolling down a ramp. Sketch the correct velocity vs. time and acceleration vs. time graphs X v a t t t 11. Mrs. Adams drives to Chicago and back. It is 300 miles from St. Louis to Chicago. The round trip takes 10 hours. a. What is Mrs. Adam s displacement for the entire trip?
b. What is her average velocity for the entire trip? c. What distance did Mrs. Adams travel for the entire trip? d. What was her average speed for the entire trip?
12. Match definitions: Distance Displacement Velocity Acceleration a. Change in velocity over time b. straight line length and direction between where you start and where you finish c. actual length of the path that you travel d. displacement over time 13. A car travels 40km north in 5 hours. What is the car s velocity? 14. Which one of the following displacement vs. time graphs represents an object moving at a constant velocity in a positive (going farther away from where you started) direction? A B C D 15. Which one of the displacement vs. time graphs represents an object that has a positive acceleration (speeding up)?
A B C D 16.Which one of the velocity vs. time graphs below represents an object moving at a constant velocity? A B C D 17.Which one of the velocity vs. time graphs below represents an object moving at a constant positive acceleration? A B C D