Weathering Title: Chemical and Mechanical Weathering Grade Level: 9-12 Subject/Cntent: Earth and Space Science Summary f Lessn: Students will test hw chemical and mechanical weathering can affect a rck ver time. T test this cncept, students will use chalk, a very sft rck, t simulate what happens t harder rcks ver many thusands f years. Fcus Questin: Hw d rcks change ver time due t weathering? Resurce: Science in Cntext Prcedures: Steps/Activities by the Teacher: Present the class with a few different types f rck. Try t present rcks with different characteristics like rugh vs. smth and hard vs. sft. Direct students t predict where each rck came frm in general (e.g., bttm f a stream, tp f a muntain, n the beach, etc.). Instruct students t write their predictins n their paper and justify their respnses using their lgical reasning skills. Direct students t access the Weathering tpic page in Science in Cntext and research infrmatin abut the many ways that rcks can be weathered. Instruct students t take ntes as they read. Lead a class discussin where students share what they fund in their reading abut the different types f weathering. Explain that all f these types f weathering can be classified int tw categries: mechanical and chemical weathering. Direct students t cpy dwn this data table nt their paper: Observatins f the chalk befre Water Acid Water Gravel Shaking Frictin Observatins f the chalk after Mechanical r Chemical? Cmparisn t real life prcess
Explain that students will carry ut the fllwing tests n fur sample pieces f chalk. As students cmplete each task they shuld fill ut the crrespnding clumn in the data table. The first tw rws f the data table are descriptive bservatins. Rw three is simply asking the students t state whether this test represents chemical r mechanical weathering. The last rw is asking students t find a real wrld situatin where a similar type f weathering may ccur. Direct students t start cmpleting their fur tests based ff f the prcedures belw: WATER Drip ht water, ne drp at a time, nt the chalk. The eye drpper filled with water shuld be abut ten centimeters abve the chalk. Drip the water until the eye drpper is cmpletely empty. Recrd yur ACID WATER Repeat the instructins fr regular ht water abve but this time use the acidic water prvided by yur teacher. Recrd yur GRAVEL SHAKING Place the chalk int the cntainer with gravel inside that yur teacher has prepared fr yu. After clsing the cntainer, shake the entire cntainer vigrusly fr twenty secnds. Remve the chalk frm the cntainer and recrd yur data FRICTION Apply the sand paper t the tp f the chalk. Rub the sand paper against the chalk fr twenty secnds. Recrd yur Instruct students t revise and add t their predictins frm the beginning f class. Have students lk at the teacher sample rcks and write a paragraph abut where they likely came frm and which types f weathering they have mst likely sustained. Make sure that all student answers are based ff f evidence frm their bservatins r readings. Steps/Activities by Student(s): On yur paper, make predictins abut where each f the sample rcks came frm. Try t be as specific as pssible. Fr example, The bttm f a streambed, r, The tp f a muntain, wuld be sufficiently specific answers. Explain the reasning behind each f yur respnses n yur paper as well. Access the Weathering tpic page in Science in Cntext. Take ntes n the many different types f weathering as yu read thrugh the cntent. Cpy dwn this data table nt yur paper: Water Acid Water Gravel Shaking Frictin Observatins f the chalk befre
Observatins f the chalk after Mechanical r Chemical? Cmparisn t real life prcess After yu have received instructins frm yur teacher, with fur separate pieces f chalk, start cmpleting the fur tests using the prcedures belw: WATER Drip ht water, ne drp at a time, nt the chalk. The eye drpper filled with water shuld be abut ten centimeters abve the chalk. Drip the water until the eye drpper is cmpletely empty. Recrd yur ACID WATER Repeat the instructins fr regular ht water abve but this time use the acidic water prvided by yur teacher. Recrd yur GRAVEL SHAKING Place the chalk int the cntainer with gravel inside that yur teacher has prepared fr yu. After clsing the cntainer, shake the entire cntainer vigrusly fr twenty secnds. Remve the chalk frm the cntainer and recrd yur data FRICTION Apply the sand paper t the tp f the chalk. Rub the sand paper against the chalk fr twenty secnds. Recrd yur Revise yur predictins frm the beginning f class. Change anything yu knw nw t be incrrect and add anything that yu were missing. Write a detailed summary paragraph that describes where the sample rcks likely came frm and which types f weathering they have mst likely sustained. Make sure that all f yur answers are based ff f evidence frm either yur bservatins r yur research. Outcme: Students will have an understanding f hw bth chemical and mechanical weathering can impact the prperties f a rck. Students will als be able t identify different types f weathering n a rck and use that infrmatin t determine where the rck mst likely was frmed. Related Activities: Chemistry Analyze the different chemical prperties f rcks. Perfrm an experiment t determine whether cmmn chemicals like bleach, acid, r salts will react when put int cntact with different types f rcks.
U.S. Histry Gegraphically map the different lcatins where different types f rcks are fund. Analyze whether any f the bundaries between different rck frmatins als crrelate with differences in human settlement r land use. Write an essay abut hw America wuld be different if we had different areas f rcks and sil than we currently have tday. Learning Expectatin: Students will use their research skills t find pertinent infrmatin abut hw rcks are weathered. Students will use their analytical skills t link types f weathering t lcatins where rcks may have been fund. Standards Alignment Next Generatin Science Standards HS-ESS1.CC.4.1. Much f science deals with cnstructing explanatins f hw things change and hw they remain stable. (HS-ESS1-6) HS-ESS2-5. Plan and cnduct an investigatin f the prperties f water and its effects n Earth materials and surface prcesses. HS-ESS2.SEP.4.1. Cnstruct an ral and written argument r cunter-arguments based n data and evidence. (HS-ESS2-7) Standard Surce: Next Generatin Science Standards (2013) Cmmn Cre State Standards Grades 9-10 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.9-10.2 Determine the central ideas r cnclusins f a text; trace the text's explanatin r depictin f a cmplex prcess, phenmenn, r cncept; prvide an accurate summary f the text. CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.9-10.3 Fllw precisely a cmplex multistep prcedure when carrying ut experiments, taking measurements, r perfrming technical tasks attending t special cases r exceptins defined in the text. CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.9-10.4 Determine the meaning f symbls, key terms, and ther dmain-specific wrds and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific r technical cntext relevant t grades 9-10 texts and tpics. CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.9-10.9 Cmpare and cntrast findings presented in a text t thse frm ther surces (including their wn experiments), nting when the findings supprt r cntradict previus explanatins r accunts.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.9-10.1 Write arguments fcused n discipline-specific cntent. CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.9-10.10 By the end f grade 10, read and cmprehend science/technical texts in the grades 9-10 text cmplexity band independently and prficiently. CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.9-10.4 Prduce clear and cherent writing in which the develpment, rganizatin, and style are apprpriate t task, purpse, and audience. Grades 11-12 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.11-12.2 Determine the central ideas r cnclusins f a text; summarize cmplex cncepts, prcesses, r infrmatin presented in a text by paraphrasing them in simpler but still accurate terms. CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.11-12.3 Fllw precisely a cmplex multistep prcedure when carrying ut experiments, taking measurements, r perfrming technical tasks; analyze the specific results based n explanatins in the text. CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.11-12.4 Determine the meaning f symbls, key terms, and ther dmain-specific wrds and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific r technical cntext relevant t grades 11-12 texts and tpics. CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.11-12.9 Synthesize infrmatin frm a range f surces (e.g., texts, experiments, simulatins) int a cherent understanding f a prcess, phenmenn, r cncept, reslving cnflicting infrmatin when pssible. CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.11-12.10 By the end f grade 12, read and cmprehend science/technical texts in the grades 11-12 text cmplexity band independently and prficiently. CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.11-12.4 Prduce clear and cherent writing in which the develpment, rganizatin, and style are apprpriate t task, purpse, and audience. Standard Surce: Cmmn Cre State Standards Initiative (2010)