Growth Pattern of Mungbean at Different Planting Distance

Academic Journal of Plant Sciences 4 (): 0-, 0 ISSN 995-898 IDOSI Publications, 0 Growth Pattern of Mungbean at Different Planting Distance K.U. Ahamed, Kamrun Nahar, Mirza Hasanuzzaman and Golam Faruq Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-07, Bangladesh Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-07, Bangladesh Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kualalumpur, Malaysia Abstract: An experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Botany Field Laboratory, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during the Kharif- season to investigate the effect of cultivar and plant spacing on growth patteren of mungbean. The experiment comprised five varieties viz. BARI Mung- (M ), BARI Mung- (M ), BARI Mung-4 (M ), BARI Mung-5 (M ) and BARI Mung- (M ) and three plant spacings viz. 0 0 cm (D ), 4 5 0 0 cm (D ) and 40 0 cm (D ). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results revealed that among these varieties BARI Mung-4 reached the highest plant height (47. cm) at 0 days. For interaction effect M4D produced the highest plant height of 47.0 cm at 0 days. Among the varieties BARI Mung- produced the highest number (9.5) of leaf per plant and BARI Mung- produced the lowest number (.) of leaf at 0 DAS. At 0 DAS (Days after sowing) BARI Mung- (7.4) and MD (8.0) produced the highest leaf number. At 40 DAS BARI Mung-4 (8.9) and MD (9.) produced the highest leaf number.total dry matter (TDM) per plant was the highest and lowest in BARI Mung- (. g) and BARI Mung- (0.7 g) at 0 DAS. Among the plant distance at 40 0 cm spacing produced the highest total dry matter of.85 g plantg. Among the interaction of variety and plant spacing MD produced the highest TDM of.8 gm per plant Key words: Growth % Planting distance % Dry matter INTRODUCTION plant spacing on the growth pattern of Bangladesh s mungbean cultivars are limited. Therefore, present study Mungbean (Vigna radiata Lin.) is one of the most was undertaken to observe the effect of plant spacing on important pulse crops which can be grown in three growth mungbean varieties in Bangladesh. seasons and it has wide acceptability for growing in wide range of soil type throughout the country []. In MATERIALS AND METHODS Bangladesh, total production of pulses is only 0.5 million ton against.7 million tons requirement.in Bangladesh the The experiment was conducted at the experimental shortage of pulse crop to its demand is almost 80% of the field of Agricultural Botany Department, Sher-e-Bangla total requirement []. One of the reasons for this is low Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from the yield [] that is due to low yielding capability of varieties period of August, 009 to October, 009 (kharif- season). and cultural practices. Improper spacing reduced the yield Five Mungbean varieties namely BARI Mung- (M ), of mungbean up to 0-40% [4] due to competition for BARI Mung- (M ), BARI Mung-4 (M 4), BARI Mung-5 light, space, water and nutrition and higher plant spacing (M 5 ) and BARI Mung- (M ) were used in the experiment than the optimum reduces the yield due to less number of to observe growth pattern in different plant spacings viz. plant per unit area. That is optimization of plant spacing 0 0 cm (D ), 0 0 cm (D ) and 40 0 cm (D ). The is needed. The experimental evidences of the effect of experiment was laid out with randomized complete block Corresponding Author: Kamrun Nahar, Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-07, Bangladesh. E-mail: knahar84@yahoo.com.

Acad. J. Plant Sci., 4 (): 0-, 0 design and with three replications. The unit plot size was Plant spacing significantly affected the plant height.5.5 m. The land was prepared properly with ploughing 40 days after sowing. It was found that with the increase and laddering. The fertilizers were given during the final of plant spacing the plant height also increased. This land preparation at the dose of 0 kg N hag, 40 kg PO5 trend was found in all the cases. For interaction effect hag and 0 kg KO hag in the form of Urea, Tripple M4D produced the highest plant height of 47.0 cm at 0 Supper Phosphate (TSP) and Muriate of Potash (MP). days that is statistically not higher than the MD (4.88 Other intercultural operations were performed as per cm) and M4D (4. cm). The lowest plant height was requirement and recommendation [5]. Data on different found in MD and it was 5.5 cm and it is similar parameters were taken according to the maturity time of statistically with MD (plant height of.5 cm) and different varieties. To measure the growth pattern data on M5D (plant height of 5.9 cm). The difference between leaf number, plant height and total dry matter were taken the highest and the lowest plant height is 4.44%. If we at definite days interval. The data were analyzed by compare the plant height of different varieties at different MSTAT program and mean differences were tested by plant spacing it can be seen that a variety is producing Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) []. taller plant when the plant distance is more. At 0 days and 0 0 cm spacing BARI Mung- was 7.4 cm, it RESULTS AND DISCUSSION reached at a height of 8.88 cm and 4.8 cm in 0 0 cm and 40 0 cm plant spacing. At 0 0 cm plant distance Plant spacing directly affects the physiological BARI Mung- was 44.5 cm, it reached at a height of 4.88 activities through intra-specific competition [7]. That cm and 45.8 cm in 0 0 cm and 40 0 cm plant spacing. ultimately effects the vegetative and reproductive At 0 0 cm plant distance BARI Mung-4 was 45.5 cm, development of plant. Optimum plant population is it reached at a height of 47.0 cm and 4. cm in 0 0 cm necessary to obtain maximum yield. Optimum population and 40 0 cm plant spacing. At 0 0 cm plant distance or optimum plant spacing depends on size of plant BARI Mung-5 was 5.9 cm, it reached at a height of. elasticity, foraging area, nature of the plant, capacity to cm and 8. cm in 0 0 cm and 40 0 cm plant spacing. reach optimum leaf area at an early date and seed rate At 0 0 cm plant distance BARI Mung- was 5.5 cm, used [8]. Thus due to different plant spacing the plant it reached at a height of.5 cm and 9.9 cm in 0 0 cm produce different total dry matter (TDM), different plant and 40 0 cm plant spacing. This interesting trend was height, leaf character etc. The variation in different plant found in all the cases that with the increase of planting characters due to different verity, plant spacing and their distance. Studies revealed that plant height increases interaction was observed in the present experiment and when the plant density is very high which can help the discussed in the article below. plants to survive more by reducing the harmful effect of light competition. Again due to nutrient competition the Plant Height: Different varieties released by BARI are height can be reduced also [8, 9]. In the experiment the different in plant height. In the study the significant plants were not so densely planted that they faced light varietal differences were found in most of the cases. But competition. So, here it was found that with the increase at the early life stages of life these differences were not of plant distance the plant height increased and it may be significant in some cases. As for example at 0 and 0 due to less competition of nutrient. days after sowing no significant differences were found among the varieties considering plant height. The rate Number of Leaves per Plant: Leaf is one of the most of increase of plant height was higher at 0 and 0 days important parts of plant body which is responsible for after sowing and it is true for all the varieties. Among photosynthesis. The more the leaf area the more the these varieties BARI Mung-4 reached the highest plant photosynthetic area and more the leaf number the more height (47. cm) at 0 days which is statistically at per the photosynthetic area. Up to 0 days after sowing the with the BARI Mung-. The other varieties did not show number of leaf per plant did not varied significantly any differences significantly and BARI Mung-5 produced among the varieties. The number of leaf per plant did not the lowest plant height. The research findings also varied in different plant spacing also. Among the varieties revealed that BARI Mung-4 produced the highest plant BARI Mung- produced the highest number (9.5) of leaf height and BARI Mung- produced the second highest per plant and BARI Mung- produced the lowest number plant height []. (.) of leaf at 0 DAS (Table ). 7

Acad. J. Plant Sci., 4 (): 0-, 0 Table : Plant height of mungbean varieties at different days after sowing Plant height at different DAS after sowing ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Treatments 0 0 0 40 50 0 Variety M (BARI Mung-) 7.79a.a.0a 5.8b 7.b 9.0b M (BARI Mung-).9a 0.7a.8b 5.8a 40.a 4.4a M (BARI Mung-4).95a.84a 5.9a.70a 4.4a 47.a 4 M (BARI Mung-5) 7.8a.8a.c.80ab.4c.05b 5 M (BARI Mung-) 8.0a.a.9bc 0.c.54c.4b lsd.5....5.7 Level of significance NS NS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Spacing D (0 0 cm) 7.4a 0.7a 8.0a.80b.4b 5.7b D (0 0 cm) 7.a 0.54a 7.4a.47b 4.7b 7.4b D (40 0 cm) 7.90a.a 9.0a 5.44a.8a 9.a lsd....4.5.8 Level of significance NS NS NS 0.0 0.0 0.0 Variety Spacing M D 7.94abc 0.4cde 7.7bcde.7cde 5.cde 7.4cd M D 7.9bc.bc 9.abcd 7.00ab 8.bc 44.5ab M D 7.0abc 0.8bcd 8.5bcde 8.40a 4.4a 45.5ab 4 M D 7.9abc.57bc 9.57abc 4.4bc.7e 5.9d 5 M D 8.77a.b 0.5ab 5.00bc.07e 5.5d M D 7.48bc 0.7bcde 8.4b-e.7abc 7.7bcd 8.88cd M D.78cd 0.80bcd 9.7a-d 4.77bc 40.47ab 4.88a M D.90bcd 9.e 4.49e.0e 9.47b 47.0a 4 M D 8.00ab.75bc 9.77abc.7cde 5.0cde.d 5 M D 7.9abc.bc 8.50bcde 8.0f.97de.5d M D 7.95abc 5.7a.0a.8ab 40.4ab 4.8bc M D.8bcd 0.7b-e 8.7bcde 4.0bcd 9.7b 45.8ab M D.7d 9.49de 5.07de.50de 40.7ab 4.a 4 M D 7.5bcd 0.55cde 5.cde 7.0f.47e 8.cd 5 M D 7.89abc 0.7cde 7.bcde 7.f 4.0de 9.9cd lsd..5 4... 4.5 Level of significance 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 %CV 9.4 8.7 5..0 5.95 4.08 The values in a column having common letters do not differ significantly; NS= non-significant Table : No. of leaves of mungbean varieties at different days after sowing No. of leaves at different DAS after sowing ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Treatment 0 0 0 40 50 0 Variety M (BARI Mung-).0a 5.a 7.4a 8.55a 8.ab 8.88a M (BARI Mung-).a 5.5a 7.0a 9.0a 9.5a 9.5a M (BARI Mung-4).04a 4.95a.88a 8.9a 9.a 8.a 4 M (BARI Mung-5).08a 4.77a.a 7.b 7.04b.84b 5 M (BARI Mung-).08a 4.9a.4a 7.7b 7.04b.b lsd 0.9....4. Level of significance NS NS NS 0.0 0.0 0.0 8

Acad. J. Plant Sci., 4 (): 0-, 0 Table :Continued No. of leaves at different DAS after sowing ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Treatment 0 0 0 40 50 0 Spacing D (0 0 cm).09a 5.0a.74a 8.a 8.a 7.0a D (0 0 cm).0a 4.8a.75a 7.9a 7.9a 7.7a D (40 0 cm).05a 5.09a.88a 8.5a 8.8a 8.4a lsd 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.9.. Level of significance NS NS NS NS NS NS Variety Spacing M D.9b 4.8b.bc 7.5cde 7.7def 7.de M D.a 5.ab 7.0b 8.9ab 8.7bcd 8.bcd M D.00b 5.0ab 7.b 9.40ab 9.abc 8.0bcd 4 M D.0ab 4.9ab.40bc 7.0cde 7.0ef.e 5 M D.ab 5.00ab.4bc 7.0e 7.4def.7de M D.0ab 4.9ab.9b 8.4a-e 8.c-f 7.9cde M D.ab 4.9ab 7.0b 8.5abc 9.abc 8.9abc M D.00b 4.80b.8bc 8.0b-e 8.5b-e 7.9cde 4 M D.0ab 4.8b.4bc 7.40cde 7.def 7.cde 5 M D.ab 4.80b.40bc 7.0b.0f.4e M D.0ab 5.a 8.0a 9.a 0.00ab 9.0ab M D.9b 5.ab.9b 9.0a 0.5a 0.00a M D.ab 5.00ab.bc 9.ab 9.ab 8.8abc 4 M D.00b 4.5b 5.80c 7.00e.80f.8de 5 M D.00b 5.00ab.40bc 7.de 7.0ef.80de lsd 0. 0.7 0.98..5. Level of significance 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 %CV. 8.75 8.70 9...5 The values in a column having common letters do not differ significantly; NS=non-significant The leaf during the reproductive phase specially during the pod formation stage plays an important role as during that translocation of assimilates from leaf to reproductive part is very important. So, the number of leaf at 0 to 40 days after sowing when the pods are started to mature should be taken under consideration. At 0 DAS (Days after sowing) BARI Mung- (7.4) and MD (8.0) produced the highest leaf number. At 40 DAS BARI Mung-4 (8.9) and MD (9.) produced the highest leaf number (Table ). Considering the interaction of variety and plant spacing M5D produced the lowest leaf number of. which is.7% lower than the highest value 0.00 of MD at 0 days after sowing. It is revealed after comparing the data of 50 and 0 DAS it can be seen that the leaf number reduced a little bit in 0 DAS than the 50 DAS. It is due to leaf senescence and shedding which is a common phenomena at later stage of life cycle of mungbean plant [4]. Total Dry Matter per Plant: Total dry matter or biological yield and economic yield are inter-related. When the data of these two parameters are plotted on the same graph, it can be seen that the level of population at which biological yield reaches at a plateau is the level of plant population at which maximum economic yield is obtained. In young plants, most of the assimilates are used for the production of stem and leaves. As the plant enters the reproductive stage, assimilates are partitioned to stem, leaves and inflorescence [8]. Once the seeds are set, most of the assimilates move to the seed. At that time there exists an internal competition within the individual plant between vegetative and reproductive parts. The similar trend in dry matter production was observed in the present experiment also. Up to 0 DAS the plant height increased at a rapid rate and at later stage the plant height did not increased in rapid rate (Table ). But after 0 DAS the dry matter per plant increased significantly. 9

Acad. J. Plant Sci., 4 (): 0-, 0 Table : Total dry matter of mungbean varieties at different days after sowing Total dry matter (g) at different days after sowing ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Treatment 0 0 0 40 50 0 Variety M (BARI Mung-) 0.4a.ab 5.54ab 7.b 0.0c 0.7c M (BARI Mung-) 0.5a.ab 5.5a.97bc 0.5bc.b M (BARI Mung-4) 0.4a.7a.a 8.8a 9.4d.0bc 4 M (BARI Mung-5) 0.4a 0.97b 4.9bc.4cd 0.b.9a 5 M (BARI Mung-) 0.5a.ab 4.45c 5.77d.0a.a lsd 0.5 0. 0.7 0.5 0. 0.55 Level of significance NS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Spacing D (0 0 cm) 0.9b 0.97b.85b.4b 0.a 0.8c D (0 0 cm) 0.4ab.4b 4.a.7b 0.7a.b D (40 0 cm) 0.49a.a 4.54a 7.4a 0.9a.85a lsd 0.7 0. 0. 0.5 0.5 0. Level of significance 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NS 0.0 Variety Spacing M D 0.4c 0.9e 4.44f 5.8d 0.4cd.0de M D 0.59abc.c 5.d.8a-d 9.4f.04cd M D 0.abc.5a-d.ab 7.0abc 9.84ef 0.e 4 M D 0.48bc.7a-d 4.8e.4a-d 0.8c.bcd 5 M D 0.5abc.bcd 4.7ef.bcd.0ab.5a M D 0.48bc.cd 4.5ef 5.94cd 0.cd.4bcd M D 0.55abc.4d 5.bc 7.ab 0.4cd.4bcd M D 0.7ab.8abc 5.8ab 7.ab 9.7ef 0.e 4 M D 0.5abc.77a-d 5.d.a-d 0.9c.b 5 M D 0.49bc.5bcd 4.9de.4a-d.4a.7a M D 0.49bc.4bcd 4.ef.5a-d 0.7c.45bc M D 0.abc.bcd 5.8b 7.ab 0..b M D 0.7a.a.a 7.5a 0.de 0.e 4 M D 0.55abc.85ab 5.cd.a-d.b.9b 5 M D 0.5abc.7bcd 5.5..5a-d.7a.8a lsd 0. 0. 0.. 0.5 0.4 Level of significance 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 %CV 9.44 5.47.5.8 4.5 5. The values in a column having common letters do not differ significantly; NS= non-significant So, it can be said that this increase in dry matter due to the plant and grain yield and dry matter production shows the increase in pod size or translocation of assimilates to a decline. In the study it is revealed that with the increase reproductive parts. of plant distance or decrease of plant population the total Total dry matter (TDM) per plant was the highest and dry matter production per plant increased. The similar lowest in BARI Mung- (. gm) and BARI Mung- trend was described by Reddy and Reddi [8] and (0.7 gm). Among the plant distance at 40X0 cm spacing Usharani et al. [0]. produced the highest total dry matter of.85 gm per plant. Among the interaction of variety and plant spacing REFERENCE MD produced the highest TDM of.8 gm per plant and it is statistically at per with MD (.5 gm). The. BARI, (Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute). lowest TDM was found in M4D that is 0. gm only. The 008. Bangladesh-e Moog Daler Chash (in Bangla)- difference between the highest and the lowest value is Mungbean Cultivation in Bangladesh. Pulse Res. Sta. 0.4%. As the plant density increases, changes may Bangladesh Agril. Res. Inst. Joydebpur, Gazipuroccur in the allocation of assimilates to different parts of 70, Bangladesh. pp: -8. 0

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