THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF UKRAINE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF PHARMACY Botany department Test items with explains for preparing for licensing examination KROK 1 Pharmacy (BOTANY) Kharkiv 2016
recommended by the CMC (central methodical commission) of NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF UDK 581.8 It is recommended by the CMC (central methodical commission) of NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF PHARMACY(minutes No. 1 from 02.09.2016) Authors: T. M. Gontova, Ya. S. Kriukowa, V. P. Gaponenko, V.V. Mashtaler, O.S. Mala Reviewers: L. A. Toryanik, Ph.D (Pedagogics), Associate Professor, Head of the department foreign languages NUPh. T. O. Grinchenko, professor, Head of the department of botany Kharkiv National Pedagogical University. Test items with explains for preparing for license examination KROK-1 Pharmacy (BOTANY) [Gontova T. M., Kriukowa Ya. S., Gaponenko V. P., Mashtaler V. V., Mala O. S.]; under the editorship of Kriukowa Ya. S. K.: NUPh, 2016. 88 p. The textbook represents the tasks from the bank of tests Krok 1 Pharmacy. The bank was created by the Testing Center of MEH of Ukraine during 2002-2015. The short explanations are provided to the right answers with illustrations in the textbook. The tests consist of the basis of the task and the resolving part with only one right answer. Edition purpose: to acquaint students of 2-4 courses with the tests which are used for the current, total control and license examination; to prepare students of 4 courses for license examination «Krok 1»; to help students of 2 and 4 courses with mastering of the program material of the discipline «Pharmaceutical botany». UDK 581.8 Gontova T. M., Kriukowa Ya. S., Gaponenko V. P., Mashtaler V.V., Mala O.S. PS Esin, 2016
Content Content module 1. ANATOMY OF THE CELL, TISSUES AND VEGETATIVE ORGANS Plant cell.. 2 Content submodule 2 Plant tissues 12 Content submodule 3 Anatomy of the vegetative organs..27 Content module 2. MORPHOLOGY OF THE VEGETATIVE AND GENERATIVE ORGANS Morphology of the vegetative organs.33 Content submodule 2. Morphology of the generative organs.41 Content module 3. PLANT SYSTEMATIC Ecology 85
Content module 1. ANATOMY OF THE CELL, TISSUES AND VEGETATIVE ORGANS Test PLANT CELL Explains 1.1. Cells with large central vacuole, which is confined with tonoplast and filled with the cell sap and can contain crystal inclusions. These cells are typical for A. plants B. animals C. cyanobacteriae D. fungus E. algae Plant cells compared with animal cells have central vacuole, which is confined with tonoplast and filled with cell sap and can contain crystal inclusions starchgrains,aleronic grains. 1.2. Organelles of cytoplasm complex do not include... A. nucleus B. Golgi complex C. endoplasmic reticulum D. mitochondria E. ribosomes 1.3. Plant cell organelles that realize a protective function are... A. lysosomes B. ribosomes C. centrosomes D. microtubules E. mitochondria 1.4. participate in the formation of vacuoles. A. bubbles EPR, dictyosomes B. nucleus C. lysosomes D. ribosomes E. mitochondria\ 1.5. The cell sap containers in the plant cell are bordered by tonoplast from the cytoplasm, they accumulate water, reserve nutrients and ergastic substances; they also provide the osmolality and cell turgor. They are... A. vacuoles B. nucleus C. mitochondria D. ribosomes E. chloroplasts Nucleus is an independent and the most important element of any protoplast, which carries hereditary information. The main components of a nucleus are nuclear double membrane envelope with ribosomes, nuclear matrix (mucleoplasm), chromatin and nucleolus. Cytoplasm organelles are the Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), ribosomes, Golgi complex, lysosomes, plastids, mitochondria, microtubules Lysosomes are the cytoplasm organelles that contain numerous enzymes, providing decay of structures and molecules, endo-and exocytosis, and carry out protective function. Vacuoles are derivatives of the endoplasmic reticulum and dictyosomes of the Golgi complex. They are limited by vacuolar protein-lipoid membrane, which is called tonoplast. It provides selective capacity. Vacuoles contain cell sap of different composition or crystalline inclusions - aleurone grains (in the seeds) calcium oxalate crystals, etc. vacuole
1.6. The membrane, which is adjacent to the vacuole, is called... A. tonoplast B. plasmalemma C. protoplast D. mezoplasma E. karyoplasma 1.7. The above-membrane component of plant cells includes... A. cell wall B. microfilaments C. plazmalemma D. microtubules E. glycocalyx 1.8. A cellulose monomer is... A. glucose B. galactose C. ribose D. sucrose E. fructose 1.9. It has been found that soluble polysaccharide is part of the cyanobacteria and fungi cells. When colored with Lugol s solution, it becomes brown and it is cleaved to glucose phosphate by the enzyme phosphorylase. It is... A. glycogen B. starch C. cellulose D. inulin E. fructose 1.10. Fungus cells, unlike plant cells, accumulate... A. glycogen B. starch C. aleurone D. inulin E. chitin 1.11. Cytoplasmic filaments, which go through pores of the cell wall, provide interrelation of protoplasts and metabolism between them. They are A. plasmodesmas B. microtubules C. fibrils D. microfilaments E. cytoskeleton 1.12. Cell walls of these plants consist of chitin. It is typical for A. fungi B. arboreal plants C. gymnospermous plants D. higher spore plants E. algae 1.13. To plant cell organelles that provide concentration, dehydration and induration of substances of endo-and exogenic nature belong the following ones: A. Golgi complexes B. lysosomes C. ribosomes D. plastids E. endoplasmic reticulum The cell wall (shell) is bordered by the cytoplasmic membrane - plasmolemma and has microfibrillar structure. It consists of water, cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin substances. It provides the cell with its shape and protects the protoplast, participates in the migration of substances. Glycocalyx is a cover of animal cell plasma membrane. Cellulose is a membrane polysaccharide (S6N10O5)n of plant cells, a polymer of glucose. The quality reaction on cellulose cell walls involves blue-violet coloring with chloro-zinc-iodine. Polysaccharide glycogen (animal starch) is amorphous glucopyranoside (С6Н10O5)n of fungus, cyanobacteria, animal and human cells. It is hydrolyzed by phosphorylase enzyme to glucose phosphate. The quality reaction involves brown coloring with Lugol s solution. Plasmodesmas are thin cytoplasmic filaments, passing through the pores in the cell membrane and providing the interrelation of neighboring cells and protoplasts metabolism between them. Fungus cell wall is composed of microbe-resistant nitrogenous polysaccharide chitosan. Golgi complex (apparatus) - system of tubes, vials, tanks (dictyosomes). Participates in the secretion, the formation of lysosomes and vacuoles, the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides, renewal and growth membranes.
1.14. While study of a plant cell under microscope it is indicated structures having the form of heap of depressed membrane cisterns and bubbles. This is a A. Golgi apparatus B. endoplasmic reticulum C. plastids D. mitochondrion E. calcium microbody The Golgi apparatus (also Golgi body or the Golgi complex) is an organelle which found in most eukaryotic cells. It processes and packages proteins after their synthesis and before they make their way to their destination; it is particularly important in the processing of proteins for secretion. The Golgi apparatus forms a part of the cellular endomembrane system. incoming transport vesicle cisternae lumen 1.15.During examination of a plant cell under the electron microscope some structures in form of a stack of flattened membrane cisterns and vesicles were found. What organelles are these? A. Golgi apparatus B. Endoplasmic reticulum C. Plastids D. Mitochondrions E. Microbodies newly forming vesicle secretory vesicle 1.16. The cytoplasm of a plant cell is isolated from the cell wall by A. plasmolemma B. tonoplast (vacuolar membrane) C. hyaloplasma D. nucleus envelope E. endoplasmic reticulum 1.17. It is known that bluish purple petal coloration of a plant under examination varies up to pink or light pink according to ph of cellular fluid of vacuole. It is caused by presence of: A. аnthocyanins B. сarotins C. рhycobilins D. сhlorophylls E. хanthophylls 1.18. It is known that depending on ph of cellular fluid petal coloration can vary from blue-and-violet to pink and light pink. This is caused by presence of: A. аnthocyanins B. хanthophylls C. сhorophylls D. сarotins E. рhycobilins 1.19. Green pigments of the plants are contained in A. chlorophylls B. amyloplasts C. chromoplasts D. proteoplasts E. mitochondria Plasmolemma is a thin membrane immediately surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell that restricts the passage of molecules into it. Anthocyanins are water-soluble vacuolar pigments that may appear red, purple, violet or blue according to ph. Anthocyanins also act as powerful antioxidants. Chlorophyll is the green pigment that absorbs sunlight and uses its energy to synthesise carbohydrates from CO2 and water. This process is known as photosynthesis and is the basis for sustaining the life processes of all plants.