UČNI NAČRT PREDMETA / COURSE SYLLABUS Predmet: Course title: Fizika laserjev Laser physics Študijski program in stopnja Study programme and level Študijska smer Study field Letnik Academ ic year Semester Semester Univerzitetni študijski program 2.stopnje Fizika Second cycle academic study program Physics Fizika 1 drugi Physics 1 second Vrsta predmeta / Course type izbirni/optional Univerzitetna koda predmeta / University course code:??? Predavanj a Lectures Seminar Seminar Vaje Tutorial Klinične vaje work Druge oblike študija Samost. delo Individ. work 30 15 105 5 ECTS Nosilec predmeta / Lecturer: prof. dr. Marko Zgonik, prof. dr. Martin Čopič Jeziki / Languages: Predavanja / Lectures: Slovensko/Slovene Vaje / Tutorial: Slovensko/Slovene Pogoji za vključitev v delo oz. za opravljanje študijskih obveznosti: Prerequisits:! 1
Vpis v letnik študija. Opravljene pisne vaje ali pisni izpit so pogoj za pristop k ustnemu izpitu. Enrollment into the program. Positive result from written exercises (or written exam) is necessary to enter the oral exam. Vsebina: Interakcija svetlobe s snovjo. Spontano in stimulirano sevanje, absorpcija. Širina spektralnih črt: naravna širina, homogena in nehomogena razširitev. Einsteinovi koeficienti. Optični resonatorji. Stabilni resonatorji, lastna stanja in izgube. Nestabilni resonatorji. Optično črpanje in obrnjena zasedenost, optično ojačevanje, nasičenje ojačenja. Laserji. Zvezno delovanje enofrekvenčnega laserja. Zasedbene enačbe, relaksacijske oscilacije, spektralna širina in kvantni šum. Delovanje v sunkih. Preklop kvalitete, uklepanje faz. Vrste laserjev: primeri plinskih in trdnih laserjev, aktivna optična vlakna, polprevodniški laserji. Stabilizacija frekvence laserjev, frekvenčni glavnik, laser kot časovni in dolžinski standard. Semiklasični model laserja. Kvantna obravnava. Content (Syllabus outline): Light matter interaction. Spontaneous and stimulated emission, absorption. Spectral width of radiative transitions, natural width, homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening. Einstein coefficients. Optical resonators. Stable resonators, eigen modes and losses. Unstable laser resonators. Optical pumping and inverse population, optical amplification, saturation of amplification. Lasers. Continuous wave single frequency operation. Rate equations, relaxation oscillations, spectral width and quantum noise. Pulsed operation. Q switching, mode locking. Laser types. Gas lasers, solid state lasers, fiber lasers, semiconductor lasers. Frequency stabilization of lasers, frequency comb, laser a alength and time standard. Semiclasical model of laser operation. quantum treatment. Temeljni literatura in viri / Readings:! 2
1. O. Svelto, "Principles of Lasers," 5th ed., Springer, Berlin, 2010. 2. Anthony E Siegman: "Lasers," University Science Books, Sausalito 1986, (or later editions) Cilji in kompetence: Cilji: Študenti se naučijo teorijo modernih laserjev, pridobijo znanje, s katerim zmorejo opisati obnašanje in delovanje različnih vrst laserjev. Kompetence: Predmetno specifične kompetence: poznavanje in razumevanje principov delovanja laserjev. Poznavanje njihove uporabe v fotoniki. Objectives and competences: Objectives: The student shall: - acquire a thorough understanding of the theory of modern laser physics, - be able to describe the behavior and functionality of different types of modern lasers, Competences: Knowledge and understanding of principles of laser iperation and how they are applied in photonics. Predvideni študijski rezultati: Intended learning outcomes:! 3
Znanje in razumevanje Razumejo delovanja laserjev in lastnosti laserske svetlobe. Uporaba Osnova za delo v moderni eksperimentalni optiki, optični spektroskopiji, medicinski optiki, optičnih komunikacijah in drugih področjih uporabe laserjev.. Refleksija Odnos med kvantno in klasično fiziko ter koherentnimi in stohastičnimi pojavi. Prenosljive spretnosti - niso vezane le na en predmet Matematično modeliranje relativno kompleksnega sistema, splošni principi optike. Knowledge and understanding: Ability to formulate reasonably complicated problems in laser physics and provide solutions to them. Application: Basic education for work in modern eksperimental optics, optical spectroscopy, medical optics, optical communicatins and other applications of various lasers. Reflection: Relation between quantum and classical physics, coherent and stochastic phenomena. Transferable skills: Mathematical modeling of relatively complex system, general principles of optics. Metode poučevanja in učenja: Predavanja, vaje, konzultacije Learning and teaching methods: Lectures, exercises, consultations Načini ocenjevanja: Delež (v %) / Weight (in %) Assessment:! 4
2 kolokvija iz vaj ali pisni izpit, ustni izpit ocene: 1-5 (negativno), 6-10 (pozitivno) (po Statutu UL) 50% 50% Type (examination, oral, coursework, project): 2 midterm exams instead or final written exam oral exam grading: 1-5 (fail), 6-10 (pass) (according to the Statute of UL) Reference nosilca / Lecturer's references:! 5
http://fiz.fmf.uni-lj.si/~zgonik/ Marko Zgonik, redni profesor za področje fizike, izvoljen 2001, full professor of physics, elected 2001. Nekaj zadnjih objav, a few publications: 1. A. Majkić, M. Zgonik, A. Petelin, M. Jazbinšek, B. Ruiz, C. Medrano, P.Gunter, Terahertz source at 9.4 THz based on a dual-wavelength infrared laser and quasiphase matching in organic crystal OH1, Appl. Phys. Lett. 2014, vol. 105, str. 141115-1 141115-4. 2. RIGLER, Martin, ZGONIK, Marko, HOFFMANN, Marc P., KIRSTE, Ronny, BOBEA, Milena, COLLAZO, R., SITAR, Zlatko, MITA, Seiji, GERHOLD, Michael. Refractive index of III-metal-polar and N-polar AlGaN waveguides grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Appl. phys. lett., 2013, vol. 102, iss. 22, str. 221106-1--221106-5. 3. ŽABKAR, Janez, MARINČEK, Marko, ZGONIK, Marko. Mode competition during the pulse formation in passively Q-switched Nd: YAG lasers. IEEE j. quantum electron., 2008, vol. 44, no. 4, str. 312-318. 4. ZGONIK, Marko, EWART, Michael, MEDRANO, Carolina, GÜNTER, Peter. Photorefractive effects in KNbO3. V: GÜNTER, Peter (ur.), HUIGNARD, Jean-Pierre (ur.). Photorefractive materials and their applications. 2, Materials, (Springer series in optical sciences, 114). New York: Springer, cop. 2007, str. 205-240. 5. DUELLI, M., MONTEMEZZANI, Germano, ZGONIK, Marko, GÜNTER, Peter. Photorefractive memories for optical processing. V: GÜNTER, Peter (ur.), HUIGNARD, Jean-Pierre (ur.). Photorefractive materials and their applications. 3, Applications, (Springer series in optical sciences, 115). New York: Springer, cop. 2007, str. 77-134. Martin Čopič 1. VILFAN, Mojca, OSTERMAN, Natan, ČOPIČ, Martin, RAVNIK, Miha, ŽUMER, Slobodan, KOTAR, Jurij, BABIČ, Dušan, POBERAJ, Igor. Confinement effect on interparticle potential in nematic colloids. Phys. rev. lett. 101, 237801 (2008). 2. GORJAN, Martin, MARINČEK, Marko, ČOPIČ, Martin. Pump absorption and temperature distribution in erbium-doped double-clad fluoride-glass fibres. Opt. express, 17, 19814(2009). 3. PETELIN, Andrej, ČOPIČ, Martin. Observation of a soft mode of elastic instability in liquid crystal elastomers. Phys. rev. lett. 103, 077801 (2009). 4. MERTELJ, Alenka, REŠETIČ, Andraž, GYERGYEK, Sašo, MAKOVEC, Darko, ČOPIČ, Martin. Anisotropic microrheological properties of chain-forming magnetic fluids. Soft matter 7, 118 (2011). 5. MERTELJ, Alenka, CMOK, Luka, ČOPIČ, Martin, COOK, Gary, EVANS, Dean R. Critical behavior of director fluctuations in suspensions of ferroelectric nanoparticles in liquid crystals at the nematic to smectic-a phase transition. Phys. rev. E 85, 021705 (2012).! 6