i FRACTIONAL FREEZING OF ETHANOL AND WATER MIXTURE SITI HAIZUM BINTI MD. ZAMANI A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Chemical Engineering (Chemical) Faculty of Chemical Engineering UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA JANUARY 2015
v Abstract Fractional freezing was introduced to separate two miscible liquid that contain a volatile organic compound in this case; ethanol and water. The mixture was separated by using freezing process since both ethanol and water have different freezing points. This method is an alternative method for fractional distillation as it does not consume high amount of energy to supply heat for vaporization purpose. Besides, this method is safer to our environment as it does not liberate any harmful vapor or gases since there is no heating process involved. In this study, the performance of the process in producing high purity ethanol was evaluated based on two parameters which are stirring rate and coolant temperature. It was found that the concentration of ethanol in liquid phase increased as the stirring rate increased. The ethanol concentration has increased by 52.2% when the stirring rate was at the highest rotating speed which is 500 rpm. When the coolant temperature was decreased to -14 C, the ethanol concentration in liquid phase increased the most by 56.5%. Thus it can be concluded that the concentration of ethanol in liquid phase increased as the coolant temperature decreased.
vi ABSTRAK Pembekuan pecahan diperkenalkan untuk memisahkan dua cecair bercampur yang larut dan mengandungi sebatian organik yang meruap dalam kes ini; etanol dan air. Campuran tersebut dipisahkan dengan menggunakan proses beku kerana kedua-dua etanol dan air mempunyai titik beku yang berbeza. Kaedah ini adalah kaedah alternatif untuk penyulingan pecahan kerana ia tidak mengambil jumlah yang tinggi untuk membekalkan tenaga haba untuk tujuan pengewapan. Selain itu, kaedah ini adalah lebih selamat untuk alam sekitar kerana ia tidak membebaskan sebarang wap atau gas-gas berbahaya kerana tidak ada proses pemanasan yang terlibat. Dalam kajian ini, pelaksanaan proses dalam menghasilkan kepekatan etanol yang tinggi telah dinilai berdasarkan dua parameter iaitu kadar kacau dan suhu penyejuk. Ia telah mendapati bahawa kepekatan etanol dalam fasa cecair meningkat apabila kadar kacau meningkat. Kepekatan etanol telah meningkat sebanyak 52.2 % apabila kadar kacau berputar pada kelajuan yang tertinggi iaitu 500 rpm. Apabila suhu penyejuk telah menurun kepada -14 C, kepekatan etanol di dalam fasa cecair telah meningkat paling tinggi dengan 56.5 %. Oleh itu dapat disimpulkan bahawa kepekatan etanol dalam fasa cecair meningkat apabila suhu penyejuk menurun.
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