1. An observer on Earth measured the apparent diameter of the Sun over a period of 2 years. Which graph best represents the Sun's apparent diameter during the 2 years? A) B) C) D) 2. The diagram below shows a large pendulum in motion over an 8-hour period. What is the main reason the pendulum appears to change its direction of swing over time? A) tilt of Earth on its axis B) rotation of Earth on its axis C) revolution of Earth in its orbit D) speed of Earth in its orbit
3. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents the Moon orbiting Earth as viewed from space above the North Pole. The Moon is shown at eight different positions in its orbit. Which device when placed on the Moon would provide evidence of Moon rotation? A) Foucault pendulum B) seismograph C) thermometer D) wind vane
4. The arrow on the map below represents the direction a wind is blowing over a land surface in the Northern Hemisphere without showing the Coriolis effect. Which dashed arrow represents how the wind direction will change in the Northern Hemisphere due to the Coriolis effect? A) B) C) D)
5. The arrows in the diagram below show changes in the direction of surface winds at four lettered locations, A, B, C, and D, on Earth. The arrow at which location correctly shows a deflection of the wind that could be due to the Coriolis effect? A) A B) B C) C D) D
6. Which diagram correctly represents the curving of Earth's ocean currents and prevailing winds due to the Coriolis effect? A) B) C) D) 7. The Coriolis effect is a result of Earth's A) tilted axis B) orbital shape C) revolution D) rotation
8. Which diagram correctly shows how surface winds are deflected (curved) in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres due to Earth's rotation? 9. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. The diagram represents the Earth at a position in orbit around the Sun, the Sun's rays at solar noon, and the direction to Polaris. Letters A through D represent positions on the Earth's surface. A) B) C) D) A projectile is launched from a point near the North Pole toward the Equator. Which diagram best represents the apparent path of the projectile, as viewed from the Earth? A) B) C) D)
10. The model below shows the apparent path of the Sun as seen by an observer in New York State on the first day of one of the four seasons. This apparent path of the Sun was observed on the first day of A) spring B) summer C) fall D) winter 11. Positions 1, 2, and 3 in the diagram below represent the noon Sun above the horizon on three different days during the year, as viewed from Binghamton, New York. At which position was the noon Sun on January 21, as viewed from Binghamton? A) above position 1 B) below position 3 C) between position 1 and position 2 D) between position 2 and position 3
12. The diagram below represents the horizon and the Sun's apparent paths, A, B, and C, on three different dates, as viewed from the same location in New York State. Which table correctly shows the dates on which the apparent paths of the Sun were observed? A) B) C) D)
13. Which diagram represents the apparent path of the Sun on March 21 for an observer at the equator? A) 14. A tree in New York State casts a shadow as shown in the diagram below. B) What time of day and season are represented by the diagram? A) early morning in winter B) early morning in summer C) late afternoon in winter D) late afternoon in summer C) D)
Base your answers to questions 15 and 16 on the diagram below, which represents Earth in its orbit around the Sun. The position of Earth on the first day of each season is labeled A, B, C, and D. 15. What is the approximate rate of Earth's revolution around the Sun? A) 1 per day B) 1 per year C) 15 per day D) 15 per year 16. Which diagram correctly shows the directions of Earth's revolution and rotation? A) B) C) D)
17. Base your answer to the following question on diagram below, which represents the Sun s apparent paths and the solar noon positions for an observer at 42 N latitude on December 21, September 23, and June 21. Which graph best shows the altitude of the Sun, as measured by the observer located at 42 N, at various times on December 21? A) B) C) D)
Base your answers to questions 18 through 20 on the passage and data table below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The data table shows the apparent hourly change in the direction of a pendulum's swing, in degrees per hour (0 /h), for six different Northern Hemisphere latitudes. Foucault's Pendulum In 1851, Jean-Bernard-Leon Foucault attached a heavy iron ball to a steel wire hanging from the high ceiling of a church in Paris to demonstrate an apparent motion caused by Earth's rotation. This pendulum could swing freely back and forth. A spike on the bottom of Foucault's pendulum produced straight lines in sand spread on the floor. The position of each new line appeared to gradually shift in a clockwise direction. Eventually, the pendulum returned to its original path, completing a 360 pattern in approximately 32 hours. At other northern latitudes, a Foucault pendulum will complete a 360 pattern of swing in different amounts of time. In the Northern Hemisphere, the number of degrees that a pendulum appears to change its clockwise direction of swing each hour varies with latitude.
18. The diagram below represents a swinging pendulum located in Earth's Northern Hemisphere. The pendulum knocked over two pegs during its first swing. The diagram represents a top view of the same pegs. Circle the next two pegs that would fall as the pendulum appears to change its direction of swing in the Northern Hemisphere. 19. Identify one location on Earth where the apparent direction of a pendulum's swing would complete a 360 circular pattern in 24 hours. 20. Based on the data table, state the approximate apparent rate of change in the direction of a pendulum's swing, in degrees per hour, at Riverhead, New York.
Base your answers to questions 21 and 22 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth Science. The diagram represents the Sun's apparent path on the equinoxes and the longest and shortest days of the year for a location in New York State. Points X, Y, and Z represent the solar moon positions along daily Sun paths X, Y, and Z. 21. State one possible date of the year represented by each apparent path of the Sun. 22. Draw one arrow in each box on path Z to indicate the Sun's apparent direction of movement along path Z.
23. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows Earth's orbit around the Sun as viewed from space. Earth is shown at eight different positions labeled A through H. Earth's North Pole, Arctic Circle, and equator have been labeled at position C. The arrows show the direction of orbital motion. Complete the data table below by placing the letter that represents the position of Earth at the start of each season in the Northern Hemisphere.
Earth Science Name Class Date 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23.