Biochr Reserch Development & Appliction, Oct. 11-13, 211, Nnjing Responses of N 2 O, CH 4 nd CO 2 emissions nd vegetble production to biochr ppliction Junxing Ji, Zubin Xie, Zhengqin Xiong* Nnjing Agriculturl University 211-1-11-13 zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 1
Rpidly incresing concentrtions of CO 2,CH 4 nd N 2 O in the tmosphere ~ 379 ppm ~ 1774 ppb ~ 319 ppb IPCC 27, AR4 211-1-11-13 zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 2
622 1.5% 9% 2% Technicl mitigtion potentil- Agriculture 89% IPCC 27 Smith et l., 27 211-1-11-13 zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 3
They retin substntil portion of the crbon fixed by plnt-- -- net reduction of CO 2 in the tmosphere. 211-1-11-13 zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 4 www.biochr-interntionl.org interntionl.org
www.biochr-interntionl.org interntionl.org 211-1-11-13 zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 5
Biochr Reserch Development & Appliction, Oct. 11-13, 211, Nnjing Responses of N 2 O, CH 4 nd CO 2 emissions nd vegetble production to biochr ppliction 211-1-11-13 zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 6
Indirect N 2 O ZHU, XIONG,XING,25 211-1-11-13 zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 7
Much lower nd vrible emission fctor (EF5) for indirect emissions in the wtershed re. 211-1-11-13 zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 8
Mechnism-denitrifiction Tropospheric, mbient ir, surfce soil ir, primry forest soil pits, profile soil gses from yer 25 nd yer 26, other fertilized fields other unfertilized forest soils 211-1-11-13 zqxiong@nju.edu.cn (Xiong et l., J.G.R., 29) 9
26, 2225-2234 Much higher N 2 O from intensive vegetble fields thn from croplnd! 211-1-11-13 zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 1
211 211-1-11-13 zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 11
Tretment estblishment during the choy sum nd mrnth growing sesons in Nnjing, 211 Tretment CK Ure UM1 UM2 UB1 UB2 UMB1 UMB2 Ure (kg N h -1 ) 4 2 28 4 4 2 Choy sum (Mrch 3~My 1) Mnure (t h -1 ) 5.9 3.5 5.9 Biochr (t h -1 ) no ppliction 28 3.5 3 no ppliction UM1, ure:mnure =5:5; UM2, ure :mnure=7:3; unpublished dt UB1, 2 t h -1 biochr; UB2, 4 t h -1 biochr; UMB1, ure:mnure= 5:5, 3 t h -1 biochr; UMB2, ure:mnure = 7:3, 3 t h -1 biochr. 4 kg N h -1 for ll tretments except CK; Mnure 34 g N kg -1 211-1-11-13 zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 12 2 4 3 Amrnth (My 13~June 11) no ppliction no ppliction no ppliction no ppliction no ppliction no ppliction
2 N2O flux (ug N m -2 h -1 ) 15 1 5 Choy sum Amrnth.5 CH4 flux (mg C m -2 h -1 ) CO 2 flux (mg C m -2 h -1 ).4.3.2.1. -.1 2 16 12 8 4 CK Ure UM1 UM2 UB1 UB2 UMB1 UMB2 unpublished dt UM1, ure:mnure=5:5; UM2, ure:mnure=7:3 UB1, 2 t h -1 biochr; UB2, 4 t h -1 biochr UMB1, ure :mnure= 5:5, 3 t h -1 biochr UMB2, ure :mnure = 7:3, 3 t h -1 biochr Mr-4 Mr-18 Apr-1 Apr-15 Apr-29 My-13 My-27 Jun-1 211-1-11-13 zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 13
4. Nitrous O xide Ure vs UB1,2 Cumultive N2O-N emissions (kg h -1 ) 3. 2. 1.. c b UM1,2 vs UMB1,2 CK Ure UM1 UM2 UB1 UB2 UMB1 UMB2 Cumultive N 2 O emissions. Mens with SD brs. UM1, ure:mnure =5:5; UM2, ure :mnure=7:3; UB1, 2 t h -1 biochr; UB2, 4 t h -1 biochr; UMB1, ure:mnure= 5:5, 3 t h -1 biochr; UMB2, ure:mnure = 7:3, 3 t h -1 biochr. 4 kg N h -1 for ll tretments except CK; Mnure 34 g N kg -1 211-1-11-13 zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 14 bc c c c unpublished dt
Cumultive CH 4-C emissions (kg h -1 ) 4. 3. 2. 1.. Me thne Crbon dioxide Ure vs UB1,2 UM1,2 vs UMB1,2 d c c CK Ure UM1 UM2 UB1 UB2 UMB1 UMB2 Cumultive CH 4 emissions nd ecosystem respirtion. Mens with SD brs. UM1, ure:mnure =5:5; UM2, ure :mnure=7:3; UB1, 2 t h -1 biochr; UB2, 4 t h -1 biochr; UMB1, ure:mnure= 5:5, 3 t h -1 biochr; UMB2, ure:mnure = 7:3, 3 t h -1 biochr. c 4 kg N h -1 for ll tretments except CK; Mnure 34 g N kg -1 211-1-11-13 zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 15 b 8 6 4 2 Cumultive CO 2 -Cemissions (kg h -1 ) unpublished dt
3 Yield Ure vs UB1,2 25 UM1,2 vs UMB1,2 Yield (kg h -1 ) 2 15 1 cd d de bc cd b 5 e CK Ure UM1 UM2 UB1 UB2 UMB1 UMB2 Fresh yield. unpublished dt UM1, ure:mnure =5:5; UM2, ure :mnure=7:3; UB1, 2 t h -1 biochr; UB2, 4 t h -1 biochr; UMB1, ure:mnure= 5:5, 3 t h -1 biochr; UMB2, ure:mnure = 7:3, 3 t h -1 biochr. 4 kg N h -1 for ll tretments except CK; Mnure 34 g N kg -1 211-1-11-13 zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 16
GWP(kg CO 2 eq h -1 ) 14 12 1 8 6 4 b GWP GHGI b b b Ure vs UB1,2 UM1,2 vs UMB1,2 b b b.12.1.8.6.4 GHGI (kg CO 2 eq kg -1 veg.) 2 c C K Ure UM1 UM2 UB1 UB2 UMB1 UMB2 bc c bc c.2 unpublished. dt Globl wrming potentil (GWP=25 CH 4 +298 N 2 O) nd greenhouse gs intensity (GHGI=GWP/fresh yield) UM1, ure:mnure =5:5; UM2, ure :mnure=7:3; UB1, 2 t h -1 biochr; UB2, 4 t h -1 biochr; UMB1, ure:mnure= 5:5, 3 t h -1 biochr; UMB2, ure:mnure = 7:3, 3 t h -1 biochr. 4 kg N h -1 for ll tretments except CK; Mnure 34 g N kg -1 211-1-11-13 zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 17
Cumultive CH 4-C/N2O-N emissions (kg h -1 ) 4. 3. 2. 1. Nitrous O xide Methne Crbon dioxide 8 3 Yield (kg h -1 )/GWP(kg CO 2 eq h -1 ) -1 Cumultive CO 2 -Cemissions (kg h ) 6 4 2 25 2 15 1 5 GWP Yield GHGI.12.1.8.6.4.2 GHGI (kg CO 2 eq kg -1 veg.). CK Ure UM1 UM2 UB1 UB2 UMB1 UMB2 Cumultive N 2 O, CH 4, CO 2 emissions nd yield, GWP, GHGI. Mens with SD brs. CK Ure UM1 UM2 UB1 UB2 UMB1 UMB2 unpublished dt UM1, ure:mnure =5:5; UM2, ure :mnure=7:3; UB1, 2 t h -1 biochr; UB2, 4 t h -1 biochr; UMB1, ure:mnure= 5:5, 3 t h -1 biochr; UMB2, ure:mnure = 7:3, 3 t h -1 biochr. 4 kg N h -1 for ll tretments except CK; Mnure 34 g N kg -1. 211-1-11-13 zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 18
Biochr Reserch Development & Appliction, Oct. 11-13, 211, Nnjing Summry Biochr ddition significntly reduced N 2 O emissions by 71% when ure-only ws pplied nd by 75% when combined ure nd mnure ws pplied; incresed ecosystem respirtion by 98 % nd 137% when ure-only nd combined ure-mnure ws pplied, respectively; no obvious influence on CH 4. Biochr ddition significntly incresed vegetble production by 93% when combined ure nd mnure ws pplied whers no influence on yield when ure-only ws pplied. Biochr ddition significntly reduced GWP by 71% nd GHGI by 73% when ure-only ws pplied; reduced GWP by 75% nd GHGI by 87% when combined ure nd mnure ws pplied. 211-1-11-13 zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 19
CS (ChngShu) LY (LiuYng) pddy soils CS rice-whet nnul rottion LY double rice cropping 211-1-11-13 zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 2
N 2 O CS CO 2 LY Dynmic vrition of N 2 O nd CO 2 emissions ffected by biochr incorportion from two pddy soils
Soil mkes the difference s well
N 2 O CO 2 Fig. 2 Cumultive N 2 O emission rtes from CS () nd LY (b) pddy soils, nd CO 2 emission rtes from CS (c) nd LY (d) pddy soils. Tretment codes: CS, ChngShu pddy soil; LY, LiuYng pddy soil; ck, control; N, N fertilizer; B, biochr; BN, biochr plus N fertilizer.
Resons for depressed N 2 O emissions following biochr ddition Both pprent net N minerliztion nd net nitrifiction were inhibited by biochr ddition
Biochr Reserch Development & Appliction, Oct. 11-13, 211, Nnjing 211-1-11-13 zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 25
Biochr Reserch Development & Appliction, Oct. 11-13, 211, Nnjing Thnks for your ttention! 211-1-11-13 zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 26