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This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 212 Supplementary Information for: Ruthenium nanoparticle catalysts stabilized in phosphonium and imidazolium ionic liquids: Dependence of catalyst stability and activity on the ionicity of the ionic liquid Kylie L. Luska a and Audrey Moores* a a Centre for Catalysis and Green Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Otto Maass Chemistry Building, 81 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A B8.

This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 212 Transmission Electron Microscopic Data Fig. S1 TEM images for Ru NPs before catalysis prepared in (A) [P 4,4,4,1 ]NTf 2, (B) [P 4,4,4,8 ]NTf 2, (C) [P 4,4,4,14 ]NTf 2, (D) [P 4,4,4,1 ]OTf, (E) [P 4,4,4,1 ]PF 6, (F) [P 4,4,4,1 ]Cl, (G) [BMI]NTf 2 and (H) [BDMI]NTf 2.

This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 212 4 3 A 6 5 4 B 2 3 1 2 1.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 75 6 C 5 4 D 45 3 3 2 15 1.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 8 7 E 4 35 F 6 3 5 25 4 2 3 15 2 1 1 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 G 6 5 4 3 2 1 H.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 Fig. S2 TEM histograms for Ru NPs before catalysis prepared in (A) [P 4,4,4,1 ]NTf 2, (B) [P 4,4,4,8 ]NTf 2, (C) [P 4,4,4,14 ]NTf 2, (D) [P 4,4,4,1 ]OTf, (E) [P 4,4,4,1 ]PF 6, (F) [P 4,4,4,1 ]Cl, (G) [BMI]NTf 2 and (H) [BDMI]NTf 2.

This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 212 Fig. S3 TEM images for Ru NPs after catalysis prepared in (A) [P 4,4,4,1 ]NTf 2, (B) [P 4,4,4,8 ]NTf 2, (C) [P 4,4,4,14 ]NTf 2, (D) [P 4,4,4,1 ]OTf, (E) [P 4,4,4,1 ]PF 6, (F) [P 4,4,4,1 ]Cl, (G) [BMI]NTf 2 and (H) [BDMI]NTf 2.

This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 212 5 4 A 5 4 B 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 4 35 3 C 6 5 D 25 2 15 1 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 E 6 5 F N/A 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 More 7 6 5 4 G 75 6 45 H 3 2 1 3 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 Fig. S4 TEM histograms for Ru NPs after catalysis prepared in (A) [P 4,4,4,1 ]NTf 2, (B) [P 4,4,4,8 ]NTf 2, (C) [P 4,4,4,14 ]NTf 2, (D) [P 4,4,4,1 ]OTf, (E) [P 4,4,4,1 ]PF 6, (F) [P 4,4,4,1 ]Cl, (G) [BMI]NTf 2 and (H) [BDMI]NTf 2.

This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 212 Walden Plot Data Table S1. Experimental Density ( exp ) for Phosphonium and Imidazolium Ionic Liquids as a Function of Temperature (T) Ionic Liquid exp (g cm -3 ) at T (K) 293.15 298.15 33.15 38.15 313.15 [P 4,4,4,1 ]NTf 2 1.254 1.25 1.245 1.241 1.237 [P 4,4,4,8 ]NTf 2 1.159 1.156 1.151 1.147 1.143 [P 4,4,4,14 ]NTf 2 1.17 1.14 1.1 1.96 1.92 [BMI]NTf 2 1.433 1.428 1.423 1.418 1.413 [BDMI]NTf 2 1.416 1.412 1.47 1.42 1.397 Table S2. Calculated Density ( calc ) for Phosphonium and Imidazolium Ionic Liquids as a Function of Temperature (T) Employing the Parameters of the Linear Fit ( exp = at - b) Ionic Liquid Parameters calc (g cm -3 ) at T (K) a b 333.15 343.15 353.15 [P 4,4,4,1 ]NTf 2 -.9 1.561 1.26 1.197 1.188 [P 4,4,4,8 ]NTf 2 -.1 1.7261 1.133 1.125 1.117 [P 4,4,4,14 ]NTf 2 -.1 1.6978 1.64 1.56 1.48 [BMI]NTf 2 -.8 1.332 1.393 1.383 1.373 [BDMI]NTf 2 -.8 1.3998 1.365 1.355 1.345 Table S3. Experimental Viscosity ( ) for Phosphonium and Imidazolium Ionic Liquids as a Function of Temperature (T) Ionic Liquid (mpa s) at T (K) 333.15 343.15 353.15 [P 4,4,4,1 ]NTf 2 38.7492 27.152 19.7248 [P 4,4,4,8 ]NTf 2 47.9135 33.4342 24.1951 [P 4,4,4,14 ]NTf 2 62.1429 43.184 3.77 [BMI]NTf 2 15.97 11.788 9.535 [BDMI]NTf 2 24.4223 18.1637 13.968

This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 212 Table S4. Specific Conductivity ( ) for Phosphonium and Imidazolium Ionic Liquids as a Function of Temperature (T) Ionic Liquid (ms cm -1 ) at T (K) 333.15 343.15 353.15 [P 4,4,4,1 ]NTf 2 2.4975 3.1745 3.8825 [P 4,4,4,8 ]NTf 2 1.245 1.5796 1.9524 [P 4,4,4,14 ]NTf 2.6754.8858 1.1178 [BMI]NTf 2 1.5484 11.8184 13.2366 [BDMI]NTf 2 7.179 8.4258 9.56 Table S5. Calculated Molar Conductivity ( m ) for Phosphonium and Imidazolium Ionic Liquids as a Function of Temperature (T) Ionic Liquid m (S cm 2 mol -1 ) at T (K) 333.15 343.15 353.15 [P 4,4,4,1 ]NTf 2 38.7492 27.152 19.7248 [P 4,4,4,8 ]NTf 2 47.9135 33.4342 24.1951 [P 4,4,4,14 ]NTf 2 62.1429 43.184 3.77 [BMI]NTf 2 15.97 11.788 9.535 [BDMI]NTf 2 24.4223 18.1637 13.968 The molar conductivity was calculated according to: m M where is the specific conductivity, M is the molar mass and is the density. Table S6. Deviation from the Ideal Line ( W) as a Function of Temperature (T) and the Fitting Parameters for the Fractional Walden Plot (log m = log C + log -1 ) for Phosphonium and Imidazolium Ionic Liquids Ionic Liquid Parameters W at T (K) log C 333.15 343.15 353.15 [P 4,4,4,1 ]NTf 2.6759.2649.4.45.49 [P 4,4,4,8 ]NTf 2.6847.442.51.55.6 [P 4,4,4,14 ]NTf 2.7365.5157.57.61.65 [BMI]NTf 2.528.73.32.37.42 [BDMI]NTf 2.5391.29.25.31.37

This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 212 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Data Fig. S5 1 H NMR spectrum of tetradecyl(tributyl)phosphonium methanesulfonate, [P 4,4,4,14 ]O 3 SMe, in CDCl 3 obtained using a 3 MHz spectrometer. Fig. S6 13 C NMR spectrum of tetradecyl(tributyl)phosphonium methanesulfonate, [P 4,4,4,14 ]O 3 SMe, in CDCl 3 obtained using a 75.5 MHz spectrometer.

This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 212 Fig. S7 31 P NMR spectrum of tetradecyl(tributyl)phosphonium methanesulfonate, [P 4,4,4,14 ]O 3 SMe, in CDCl 3 obtained using a 81. MHz spectrometer. Fig. S8 1 H NMR spectrum of tetradecyl(tributyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide, [P 4,4,4,14 ]NTf 2, in CDCl 3 obtained using a 3 MHz spectrometer.

This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 212 Fig. S9 13 C NMR spectrum of tetradecyl(tributyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide, [P 4,4,4,14 ]NTf 2, in CDCl 3 obtained using a 75.5 MHz spectrometer. Fig. S1 31 P NMR spectrum of tetradecyl(tributyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide, [P 4,4,4,14 ]NTf 2, in CDCl 3 obtained using a 81. MHz spectrometer.

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