Matter and Elements Vocabulary Words # Word Meaning Image/Symbol 1 hypothesis A testable explanation for a problem or phenomena 2 direct evidence Observing matter through sight as well as your other senses: smell, hearing, taste and touch 3 indirect evidence A set of clues that scientists use to make logical guesses about things they cannot see or test directly 4 matter Material that has mass and takes up space 5 states of matter Forms or conditions of matter, such as the three main states of matter - solid, liquid, gas. Others include plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate 6 solid Matter with a definite volume and shape
7 liquid Matter with a defined volume but no defined shape 8 gas Matter with no definite size or shape 9 plasma Super-hot gases that have taken on high-energy electrical charges; Northern Lights, stars, comet tails, fluorescent lights; 99 percent of matter in universe is plasma 10 Bose-Einstein condensate 11 property (properties) They are super unexcited and super cold atoms. A state of matter that takes place at super-low temperatures. There are no separate atoms. They all take on the same qualities and, basically, become one blob. An observable characteristic of matter, such as size, texture, color 12 properties of matter (physical) Characteristics that are used to identify states of matter, such as the four main properties: mass, weight, volume, density
13 weight The measurement of the force of gravity on an object 14 mass Amount of matter contained in a substance 15 density An object s mass divided by its volume; a measure of how many particles are packed together in a certain amount of space 16 volume The amount of space a substance takes up 17 physical change A change in which the shape or state of a substance becomes different but the nature of the substance stays the same (tearing paper) 18 chemical change A change in which the nature of a substance is made different from what it was (burning wood) 19 freezing A physical change in which a substance changes from liquid to solid
20 melting A physical change in which a substance changes from solid to liquid 21 evaporation A physical change in which a substance changes from liquid to gas 22 condensation A physical change in which a substance changes from gas to liquid 23 deposition A physical change in which a substance changes from gas to a solid 24 sublimation A physical change in which a substance changes from solid to gas 25 mixture A substance containing two or more materials with different properties 26 solution A special type of mixture formed when one or more materials dissolves in another
27 dissolving The process of a material becoming incorporated uniformly into another, or of two materials mixing together evenly 28 suspension Mixtures of small particles spread evenly throughout a liquid or gas and not dissolved 29 indicator Litmus paper; substance which by changing color indicates the chemical condition of a material 30 ph scale The scale that identifies the chemical condition of a material 0-14 acidic to basic 31 acid 0-6 on the ph scale 32 base 8-14 on ph scale 33 neutral 7 on ph scale
34 elements Substance that cannot be broken down by simple chemical and physical processes; consists of only one kind of atom 35 periodic table An arrangement of the elements that provides information about their properties 36 atom The smallest particle of an element. Atoms are the building blocks of matter. 37 proton Positively charge particles in the nucleus of an atom 38 neutron Neutral particles in the nucleus of an atom 39 electron Negatively charged particles that travel around the energy shells of the nucleus of an atom 40 nucleus Center of an atom; contains neutrons and protons
41 shells The path or orbit electrons follow around the nucleus of an atom 42 atomic number The number of protons in an atom 43 atomic mass/ weight The protons + neutrons in an atom