American Tour: Climate Objective To introduce contour maps as data displays. www.everydaymathonline.com epresentations etoolkit Algorithms Practice EM Facts Workshop Game Family Letters Assessment Management Common Core State Standards Curriculum Focal Points Interactive Teacher s Lesson Guide Teaching the Lesson Ongoing Learning & Practice Differentiation Options Key Concepts and Skills Investigate the use of contour maps to organize collected data. [Data and Chance Goal 1] Use the data displayed in contour maps to answer questions and draw conclusions. [Data and Chance Goal 2] Key Activities Students use contour maps of precipitation and growing seasons to compare the climates for various locations in the United States. Ongoing Assessment: Recognizing Student Achievement Use Mental Math and Reflexes. [Number and Numeration Goal ] Key Vocabulary contour map climate precipitation map legend (map key) contour line Materials Math Journal 1, pp. 187 and 188 Student Reference Book, pp. 78 80 Study Link 6 6 slate physical and political map(s) of the United States for the classroom (optional) stick-on notes (optional) Solving Number Stories Math Journal 1, p. 18 Students solve a set of number stories involving multiplication and division. Math Boxes 6 7 Math Journal 1, p. 10 Students practice and maintain skills through Math Box problems. Study Link 6 7 Math Masters, p. 17 Students practice and maintain skills through Study Link activities. ENRICHMENT Writing Contour Map Questions Student Reference Book, pp. 77, 80, and 81 Students interpret contour maps to write and answer map-related questions. EXTRA PRACTICE Examining Contour Maps per partnership: contour map(s) Students examine contour maps and list some of their features. ELL SUPPORT Making a Graphic Organizer for Climate Differentiation Handbook, p. 4 Students make a graphic organizer for the term climate. Advance Preparation For the optional Extra Practice activity in Part, collect examples of maps with contour lines for temperature, moisture, elevation, or other features. Consider having a collection of print materials available that have different types of maps to use with this activity. Teacher s Reference Manual, Grades 4 6 p. 2 Lesson 6 7 411
Getting Started Mental Math and Reflexes Have students rename the fractions as decimals and percents. Suggestions: _ 0.7; 7% _ 4 8_ 0 0.0; % 0.24; 24% 2 2_ 0.8; 80% 0.66; 66.6% 0.4; % 1 1_ 8_ 12 0.; 0% 6 0.16; 16.6% 0.; % 8_ Have students explain how they found decimals and percents for and 2. Sample answer: To find the decimal, find 24_ 6 2 = 0.24 and 8 = 0.4. To find the percent, _ write the decimals as fractions, and, which are 24% and %. 0 0 Math Message Study the map titled Average Yearly Precipitation in the United States on page 80 of the Student Reference Book. About how much precipitation (moisture such as rain and snow) does Chicago, Illinois, receive per year? About how much precipitation does Dallas, Texas, receive per year? Study Link 6 6 Follow-Up Partners compare data landmarks and resolve differences. Have them share the situations created for the data. Ongoing Assessment: Recognizing Student Achievement Mental Math and Reflexes Use the Mental Math and Reflexes, Problems and to assess students abilities to rename fractions as decimals and percents. Students are making adequate progress if they correctly rename the fractions. [Number and Numeration Goal ] 1 Teaching the Lesson Math Message Follow-Up (Student Reference Book, p. 80) ELL WHOLE-CLASS DISCUSSION 00" 0" 00" 0" This contour map uses contour lines to show elevation. Science Link Refer students to the precipitation map on page 80 of the American Tour section of the Student Reference Book. This is an example of a contour map. To support English language learners, draw contour lines on the board and write the word contour. Contour maps use curved lines to show the boundaries of areas that share the same feature, such as temperature, rainfall, elevation, and so on. The word contour comes from contornare, which is Latin for to draw in outline. (See margin.) Discuss the main vocabulary for this map: Climate: The word climate refers to the usual weather conditions for a place. Temperature, precipitation, and wind are all features of climate. Maps in the American Tour give information about temperature, precipitation, and growing seasons for the United States. 412 Unit 6 Using Data; Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Atlanta NOTE The contour maps used in this lesson are based on vast amounts of data collected over many years. The maps are data displays that include much more information than could conveniently be shown in a set of data tables. Precipitation: Emphasize that precipitation includes all moisture that falls as sleet, rain, or snow. Map legend (map key): The legend for this map indicates that the map shows precipitation (in inches). This is the total number of inches of moisture that falls in one year on average. The average annual precipitation is an average of the yearly totals collected over many years. NOTE When snow falls, meteorologists melt a sample to determine the equivalent amount of rain. A light, fluffy snow that is inches deep might contain the same amount of moisture as 1 inch of rain. A heavy, wet snow that is 6 inches deep might also be equivalent to 1 inch of rain. Ask students to share their answers to the Math Message questions. The average yearly precipitation in Chicago is about to inches. In Dallas, it is nearly inches. Dallas is in the light green region but close to the dark green region. The color key shows that the separation between the light green and dark green regions occurs at inches. Ask questions about other information represented on the map: Which parts of the United States receive the most moisture? Parts of the Northwest, the Gulf coast near New Orleans, the Miami area, an area north of Atlanta, part of Hawaii, part of New Hampshire, and the south coast of Alaska all receive more than inches per year. Which parts of the United States receive the least moisture? Parts of northern Alaska and several desert regions in the West receive less than inches per year. The curved lines on the map that separate colors are called contour lines. Numbers are printed at the ends of some contour lines and placed directly on other contour lines. The numbers on this map indicate inches of precipitation. When a contour line passes through or near a city, such as Dallas or Phoenix, the city s precipitation can be estimated fairly precisely by reading the number for the countour line. Ask questions similar to these: Is Phoenix, Arizona, near a contour line? Which one? What does that mean? Phoenix is near a -inch contour line and a -inch contour line; it receives about to in. of precipitation per year. Which contour line runs through Illinois? What does that mean? The -inch contour line cuts through Illinois. Most of the state is light green ( to inches per year). The southern part of Illinois is dark green ( to inches per year). Regions along that contour line get about inches of precipitation per year. American Tour Growing Seasons in the United States San Francisco Seattle Los Angeles San Diego ALASKA Seattle Los Angeles San Diego 7 Phoenix 7 7 Anchorage Phoenix Salt Lake City Salt Lake City Denver Denver Minneapolis Average Yearly Precipitation in the United States San Francisco ALASKA Anchorage Kansas City Dallas Houston Dallas Minneapolis Kansas City Houston Chicago Detroit Indianapolis Memphis HAWAII Chicago Indianapolis New Orleans Honolulu Memphis HAWAII Detroit New Orleans Honolulu Atlanta Student Reference Book, p. 80 Philadelphia New York Baltimore 7 D.C. Boston Charleston Growing seasons (in months last frost to first frost) 12 7 7 fewer than Miami Philadelphia Charleston Miami New York D.C. Boston Baltimore Yearly Precipitation (in inches) more than fewer than NOTE The National Weather Service collects data on climate. It maintains about 12,000 weather stations in all parts of the United States. Some stations record weather data once per day and others take hourly readings. New York City has kept weather records since 1868. New Haven, Connecticut, has kept weather records since 1781. NOTE The term contour map usually strictly refers to elevation maps. Everyday Mathematics calls any graph with contour lines a contour map. Lesson 6 7 41
Date 6 7 Climate Maps To answer the questions below, use the Average Yearly Precipitation in the United States and Growing Seasons in the United States maps on page 80 of the American Tour section of your Student Reference Book. The precipitation map shows the average amount of moisture that falls as sleet, hail, rain, or snow in one year. Snow is translated into an equivalent amount of rain. The growing seasons map shows the average number of months between the last frost in spring and the first frost in fall. During this time, the temperature remains above freezing (2 F or 0 C), and crops can be grown. to 1. Denver, Colorado, receives about in. of precipitation as rain and snow per year. Denver s growing season is about to months long. 2. Los Angeles, California, receives about in. of precipitation per year. The growing season in Los Angeles is to 12 months long.. a. According to these maps, how are Los Angeles and New Orleans similar? Sample answer: Both have long growing seasons of to 12 months. b. Who is more likely to be worried about a lack of rain: a farmer near Los Angeles or a farmer near New Orleans? Why? Sample answer: A farmer near Los Angeles because Los Angeles receives only about inches per year, and New Orleans receives more than inches of rain each year. Math Journal 1, p. 187 Introducing the Growing Seasons Map (Student Reference Book, p. 80) WHOLE-CLASS DISCUSSION Ask students to look at the Growing Seasons on the U.S. map on page 80 of the American Tour section of the Student Reference Book. This map shows the average number of months between the last frost in spring and the first frost in fall. During this time, the temperature remains above freezing (2 F or 0 C) and crops can be grown. Have students discuss and use the map legend. Ask questions such as the following: What is the average length of the growing season near Houston, Texas? About months because Houston is near the contour line marked. What is the average length of the growing season around Chicago, Illinois? Chicago is between the contour lines marked and 7 but is closer to the line marked. So the growing season is probably to 6 months. What is the average length of the growing season near Dallas, Texas? Dallas is about halfway between the 7-month and -month contour lines, so it probably has about an 8-month growing season. Date 6 7 Climate Maps continued 4. In general, does it rain more in the eastern states or in the western states? eastern. In general, is the growing season longer in the northern states or in the southern states? southern 6. Cotton needs a growing season of at least 6 months. In the list below, circle the states most likely to grow cotton. Texas Nebraska Mississippi Ohio 7. North Dakota and Kansas are the largest wheat-producing states. What is the length of the growing season in North Dakota? What is the length of the growing season in Kansas? About how much precipitation does North Dakota receive per year? About how much precipitation does eastern Kansas receive per year? to months to 7 months to in. to in. Using Climate Maps to Answer Questions (Math Journal 1, pp. 187 and 188; Student Reference Book, pp. 77, 80, and 81) Have students complete journal pages 187 and 188. Problems 6 8 on journal page 188 refer to specific states and mountain ranges. Students can locate these states and landforms by using the maps on pages 77, 80, and 81 in the American Tour section of the Student Reference Book. Consider using stick-on notes to mark the locations on a classroom map. When most students have finished, discuss their answers and the strategies they used as they read the maps. NOTE You might want to explore the following Internet sites: University of Michigan Weather: http://cirrus.sprl.umich.edu/wxnet/ National Weather Service Home Page: http://www.nws.noaa.gov PROBLEM SOLVING 8. a. Locate the Rocky Mountains on your landform map (American Tour, page 81). What is the growing season for this mountain area? In general, less than months b. What is the growing season for the Appalachian Mountains area? In general, to months Math Journal 1, p. 188 414 Unit 6 Using Data; Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
2 Ongoing Learning & Practice Solving Number Stories (Math Journal 1, p. 18) Students solve a set of number stories involving multiplication and division. Some of the problems have extraneous information or involve more than one step. Date 6 7 Number Stories 1. Brenda bought 4 cheeseburgers for her family for lunch. The total cost was $.6. How much did 2 cheeseburgers cost? $2.78 2. Thomas s family went on a long trip over summer vacation. They drove for days. The distances for the days were as follows: 47 miles, 04 miles, miles, 422 miles, and 418 miles. a. To the nearest mile, what was the average distance traveled per day? 417 mi/day Sample answer: I wrote the remainder as a fraction, so the answer was 416 4. Then I rounded to the nearest mile, 417. b. Tell what you did with the remainder. Explain why.. Justin s school has 1 classrooms. On average, there are 28 students per room. One fifth of the classrooms are for fifth graders. About how many students are in the school? Exact answer: 1 28 4 students; Estimate: 1 0 40 students Math Boxes 6 7 (Math Journal 1, p. 10) 4. Jamokas reads 4 pages of a book every night. How many pages did she read in the month of March (1 days)?. Lucienne and her class made 684 notecards for a school benefit. a. How many boxes of eight can they fill? 1 4 1, pages 8 boxes Mixed Practice Math Boxes in this lesson are paired with Math Boxes in Lesson 6-. The skill in Problem previews Unit 7 content. Writing/Reasoning Have students write a response to the following: Explain how you solved Problem 4a, including the strategies and reasoning that you used. Answers vary. b. Tell what you did with the remainder. Explain why. Sample answer: 684 8 8 R4. The remainder was dropped because it represents 4 notecards, and 4 notecards do not fill a box. Math Journal 1, p. 18 Study Link 6 7 (Math Masters, p. 17) Home Connection Students use a contour map of climate in the United States to answer questions. Study Link Master Name Date STUDY LINK 6 7 Contour Map Date 6 7 Math Boxes Study the map below to answer the questions. 77 1. Find the median and mean for each set of numbers. a., 41, 7, 27, 2 median: mean: 4 b. 16, 2, 1, 0, 147 median: 147 mean: 2. 6. 42 Choose the best answer. The product is between: 0.24 and 0.27 24 and 27 2 and 270 24,000 and 27,000 14 11 121 247 4 0% 6 44% 27 % 18 26% 1. States where at least part of the state has sunny days more than 4% of the time. Washington California Arizona New York 2. States that border Canada where at least some part of the state has days that are NOT sunny at least 1% of the time. California Montana Nebraska Washington. Make up your own question about the map. Answer your question. How many total hours of sunshine does Wisconsin have per year? 18 % Practice 2,086 4. 14 14. 14 2 81 6. 2,7 7 7.,682 1,0 Math Masters, p. 17 2,02,886. Ms. Allende s fifth graders collected information on favorite board games. Complete the table and make a circle graph of the data. Favorite Game 6% electronic 4. Solve. 24% computer 12% team 12% 16% card individual a. 12.4 / 4.1 b. 1,82 2 7 c. 0.42 / 6 0.07 Math Journal 1, p. 10 Favorite Number Percent Games of Students of Class electronic 18 6% individual 8 16% card 6 12% team 6 12% computer 12 24% Total 0 0%. Write or to make the sentence true. a. 04 b. 1, 1,60 c. 7,707 7,770 d. 0,1 0,1 e. 67,707 67,077 12 126 42 4 Lesson 6 7 41
Differentiation Options ENRICHMENT PARTNER Writing Contour Map Questions (Student Reference Book, pp. 78 80) 1 0 Min To further explore contour maps, have students write questions that can be answered by looking at the contour maps on Student Reference Book, pages 78 80. Students write at least three questions, using a different map for each question. Then they exchange questions with a partner and discuss the answers. Consider displaying posters of the questions and answers in your classroom s American Tour area. EXTRA PRACTICE PARTNER Examining Contour Maps 1 0 Min Have students examine maps with contour lines for temperature, moisture, elevation, or other features. After examining the map, students list three things that can be learned from it. Display the maps and students lists. Consider having students present their ideas to the class. ELL SUPPORT SMALL-GROUP Making a Graphic Organizer for Climate (Differentiation Handbook, p. 4) 1 0 Min To provide language support for climate, draw a graphic organizer on the board connecting words related to climate that are used in this lesson. See Differentiation Handbook, page 4 for more information. Precipitation rain snow Climate Temperature thermometer Wind 416 Unit 6 Using Data; Addition and Subtraction of Fractions