-Bd D f Hghy p Q,*, ug, Ch Rz d Jy u Cg f u gg, g Uvy f u d u, Ch :6--987, -:.q@ud.uw.du. h f uvyg d p If y, Uvy f w uh W, u : h Hghy p H ufu f y/yhu f h dgd hv w ud pg h d hgh ud pg h f f h f. Du h g dw h pg, hwv, udy h fy f uu d f H dd d fuy dvg f h. I vgd h p v f h u d d upg y uh d Cp w pv h -d d f H. h pp vg h p f H d ug h u-,.. u, ud, pd d 7 Cp. h pp f vw h u f pudg u f d v h w dd. dy, h pp d h vg qu d wh ug u- h H v. I ud h u- v w v h g f h y d u pudg u. h pp p vg gh d K f, h v f whh f p d vy h f y d h. h v h ppgd ug h d dy, d updd y h u. h qud g d, p, upd v d ppg v f dd h dg f h gh. u wh ud u- d d h h dd wh p g, d hf h gh h qu f H uu vg. Kywd: uu vg, d, xdd K f, p, H. Idu g f h g y hv ud y. F xp, w h u g fd f h uf f ud. h x v p v h pvd d vg u []. h pp f h vg y f h uu vg f hghy H h ud d f. h x f H u d f ud dvp ppd f h g dd [-]. h hgh ud f H pf p vy ufvu v f h p f g. h gf dff f h v h p u d p g vg f g hgh ud u h g f wd h d,.. wd h f h h. Fgu u h gy wh g h -g g y v hgh ud h h f. h g hg h H v h hgh ud g f h pp d f h h. If y,.g., ud, dffu v fu g uuy. M py, h vh dy d g v p. Rh hw h g d ud xdg 6,, d h d g d [6]. I h f H fxd h dy, [7] uggd h h H wd h d h pg pvd g vg. vh, -y g pfu ugh. h pp vg h fy f H d ug u- y,.. u, ud, pd d 7 Cp [8]. I ud h u- v w v g f y d u h pudg u. I ud h h H dd wh p g y ug g y, v f h v fxd p h fvu d. h pp p vg gh d K f. h v f h qu f h f p d vy h f y d h. h v h ppgd ug h d dy, d updd y h
u. h u u ug h xpd u- g vy d vg uy f w pd. vg C ud. wh p h J. h h Cd I CI d y. h X d Z x p wd h v qux d x f h h Juy, ::. UC pvy. J. = Juy. = JD. D Dy. ug h h p v = [ x y z] d h vy v v = [ v,, ] x vy vz, h v w : M X = # $ = % x, y, z, v, v, v % v x y z H Fgu. y f g p y H.. D gh. Mu Md h v qu h ph gv y: = R + u + v wh dx pudg f h H h vg R g d f h H h vg v d u u g quv h v ff wh p f If v, h K f d xpd : Z = h X + wh Z = [ ] h v v f pudg u, X h v, h X = [ + u + u + u ] v fu h df h hp w h v v d h v, d v v v # h = $ % v. y pu udd hx dd u wh [ ] = d [ ] = R.. Dy Md F h d dy d f H, h dy ud df h qu f I g f, h qu f pd : X = f X, + W wh f h fu h d h dy, d W h p f h qu. Igg h p W, h f dvv f h v X hf : X v = f X, = # $ = # $ % v % wh h f h. h p f h dpd h ud f h. F H wh ud v f ppxy, pg, pg, h w pud y h w-dy, h ph h gv p, h u- gv p,. hu, h f H w : = h + u + M + w 6 wh u d M h hd-dy ff f h u d M pvy, h ud h w-dy ff d h -ph gv p ff f h h, d w p h hgh-d h dd h f h y d. h pu uh ph dg, d pu, h d,. ud gg pd h g ff w. h z h dd J, J d J. h -ph gv p h pd h CI d y [9]: µ x # R $ # z $ # R $ # z $ z # R $ # z z $ % J + J 7 J 6 % + % % % + 8, * + * + * + * + * + * + - # $ # $ $ # z z $ * + * + 6 * + * + * 8 % +, + * + - µ z R z R z z R R z z J J 6 7 µ # $ # $ # $ # $ # $ # $ # $ % + % + % J + % J % 7 + 6 * + * + * + * + 8,, * + * + - * + - µ y # R $ z # R $ z z # R h = % J + % J + % 7 % J
wh = x + y + z d w h g f h h d h H R h h du d W-8 f f µ h gv p f h h J J J ff fd z h, d h d. h u- gvy f dpd h u- p wh gd h H. h u- pu ud y[]: u µ # $ % # = # M µ # $ % # = # wh µ d µ h gv p f h u d M pvy, d = [ x, y, z ] d = [ x, y, z ] p v f h u d M h CI d f pvy. h v dd. h f h dv X pd f h df d h df,.. X = [ ] u. xpy d u d dv y z wh gd h p d; fd h f d Mv p. F v, ud h h fu dff hv ufd y, d h : # % u X = f X, + W = $ + [ w w ] 7 u u u u h p u h d. h ug v pd f x pf p d vy p d h v d. h v p d xpd : X = f X + W 8 wh h v X, h d f X d h u W, h CI f gv y: X X = # X $ %, f X, f X = # f, $ % X W W. W, = # $ % h u W xpd hv h u du wh [ W ] = d [ WW ] = Q. h v Q d R ud dg, whh p hyph wh K f ud. h, h pu d h p d u f d ud. yp vg u f f pf p, vy d d p f h v hvu. I h pp, h pfd ug xdd K F KF u f h - dy pd h pvu. h dvg f h K f pph wh p h gh : f h pvd uy f h u h p f d pu; d h pd dy d h f pd p d vy v fuu, v h f u []. h f u d d h y dy d gv qu d 8. I KF p, h p dvv f h pdd v f X d f h pdd u v h X h -h p u dd: h = h X H = H X f = f X F = F X h X H = X f Xˆ F = X wh ˆX d X h d d h pdd v pvy. F h pvu df, h p f h fwg p []: Xˆ + / = Xˆ / + f [ X ] # Xˆ + = Xˆ + / + Xˆ + Xˆ + = K + { Z + H[ Xˆ + / ]} + / = Ö + / / Ö + / + Q K + = + / H + [ H + + / H + + R + ] + = [ I K + H + ] + / [ I K + H + ] + K + R + K + wh h v x f h uy, K h K g x, Ö h x f h d dy y Ö I + F f.. u vvw. u Dp, d h g v f h h pph h H d h dd h pvu. H h ppd gh pd d pf yd ug M-C u[]. h dd Fgu ud y h pf f h ppd gh. I ud h fwg du: d, H dy, u pu d K f pg.. h xdd K F
C u u hp://www.g-..u hp://www.g-..u I hp://www..//g.h CM f [] Fgu : d gh hu. w H h h gh. h pf ud. H- gy f wh w pg, d pg h gy ud. H- hghy. Fgu u h v z d hp f h w.. d H. H- H- d h.. g ud 9 76 pg ud 8 7 x 6. 7. y.78.86 I dg 6. 8. gu f g dg 7.. dg d dg 8. 9. M y dg.. pf ud h-x d, hpg h-x d, hpg F h w, g d-pg ud wh h fwg hf- p: vg hf- g:. [] h d g gy w pw h g d f h, u- ud, h u y d vg h.. U v hf- g: 9. h K K, v. fw www.. ud g h phd h h D. h.. ug p f h d w dpd f h w u. w gd ug h u d ph. Rv p d.. u d d u p. u v pd hu hu Bd f p 9 ::. UC, My 9 :: phd UC. h g; y g wdh; Rvg hz. Rd pudg. g y h u h v h dwg h h. h p p f h w g g dud. dd v d v f h -f-gh d h d h p, d d wh h h. I 6 8 6 8 M C h g 8 6 8 6 g vy d f H- 6 u f Mu g f d f H-. u.
f u Fgu. H- g pf. I hghy whh ud v gy, h vy d h pg d h w h pg. h vd Fgu d. If u- ud, v f h % f h v.. vg Fg Ru I h h u- vy d f H- Fgu. H- g pf. M C h g 8 6 f g vy d f H- u f Mu g f d f H- h ud vu f h v x f h p W : Q - = dg[.,.,., /, - - -6 /, /,., ] h f h p d vy : X = [,,, /, /, /,,. ] h v x f h p d vy : = dg[,,, /, /, /,,. ] h f p d vy ud : = xˆ x + yˆ y + zˆ z v = vˆ v + vˆ v + vˆ v x x y y z z wh x, y, z, vx, vy, v z h u vu f h p d vy, d xˆ, yˆ, zˆ, vˆ, vˆ, v ˆ h d x y z vu. If h vu f h p pud f dff p,,, h h qu RM f dfd : RM = # h RM f = v : RM v = v # v = d f h H- d H- ud. h vg f h K f f h H- d H- Fgu d 6. u- pvd dud g, uy f h d./ d f h.. uy f d. H- H- RM.7 66.8 RM y /.. u h h u- vy d f H-
/ y / y 9 8 7 6.......... pg g pg g h dd Dv RM p pg g pg y dd Dv g h RM vy Fgu. Cvg f K f H-. 9 8 7 6 g... pg g.. g h dd Dv RM p pg g h RM vy y dd Dv Fgu 6. Cvg f K f H-.. Cudg R h pp f u- g f p H d y p u p, dd y h u f h u udy pd h pp. g v h p f H -f-gh -vy, hwv, u- pvd dud u f v d hf u u d. I h udy, h xdd K f ppd u- ud v d d h wh p uy < f p v, d <./ f vy v. wdg h uh wh h h gu f h h f uvyg d p If y, Uvy f w uh W, u, d h Cg f u gg, g Uvy f u d u,.r. Ch. h f uh wh h h Ch hhp Cu f h hhp upp dug h g. Rf Mu, M.C., xd,.,, J.., g,.c. : Rv hu d xpd f f uu vg Hgh h. vg, 7, 9-. I, J., qu,., d, M., Chu, M., uh, D., y,., d, C., Czux, C., gd, F., Bh,. 999: w p vg xp. h I. h. Mg f h Dv f h U.. I. f vg, hv,, -7 p, pg u??? Bd,.M., Dy,.J. 999, hqu f h U f f Hgh g. U,9,96. H,., u, M. 999: R- Hgh uy d D F U R g. h I. h. Mg f h Dv f h U.. I. f vg, hv,, - 7 p, 89-86. Muh, R., Rh,., Kug, D., Hf, M., Bg, W., B-v, Y. : D wh Hgh uy R- Dff y. h I. h. Mg f h Dv f h U.. I. f vg, Cy, Uh, - p, pg u???? v., B., f, B., H,.W., Z,., d, W., hdhu, M.,,. 998: g
v ud: Ru f h xp h H M QUR-. h I. h. Mg f h Dv f h U.. Iu f vg, hv,, -8 p, pg u???. Mu, M.C., Dv,.., Cp, J.R., K, D., Dv,.W., xd,. : Ru f h Fgh xp h Hgh h M CR- pf. h I. h. Mg f h Dv f h U.. I. f vg, d, g, -7 p, pg u????. Rz, C. 8: Mu-C /R F h pv f Hgh uy U u. Ju f p,, 9-6. d, D.., MC, W.D. : Fud f dy d pp. d d. B, p hgy y, Kuw d uh. Mu,., hd,. : : d, hd, d pp. F d. B, pg g. Cp, R., Md,. : -d p vg: Cp f K Fg h. h I. h. Mg f h Dv f h U.. I. f vg, Cy, Uh, 9- p, 66-6. M,., M, J. 99: hy d pp f K Fg. Mg B Cpy, By, Fd, U, 68pp. Mu, M.C., xd,.,, J.., W, M., g,.c. : Ru f h Rv Hgh h ug u. h I. h. Mg f h Dv f h U.. I. f vg, Cy, Uh, - p, 6-6.,. 8: Dvp d hugh f Cp vg y. Ju f u, 9, 9-96.