Time to see your advisor Registration November 16-20 http://www.myspace.com/over60agelesslady
5 points Extra Credit Seminar this week in NS 103 Wednesday November 11, noon to 1 Attend, write a ½ to 1 page content and reflection paper p describing the presentation and how it relates to our environment, this class, your life, etc. Due by Noon Friday November 13 by email attachment to brownk@wou.edu, or handwritten in your next lecture class after the seminar (Nov 11 or 12)
MINERALS
Mineral Naturally occurring Inorganic Solid Regularly repeating internal arrangement of atoms Definite chemical composition Rocks may be composed of minerals and/or other material
Periodic table
Atomic structure
ATOM FEATURES Nucleus contains both protons and neutrons Each atom of an element has the same number of protons in the nucleus Different atoms of the same element may have different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus These differing-neutron neutron atoms are called isotopes
Shells of electrons
ELECTRON FEATURES Electrons occur in a cloud around nucleus More likely to occur at certain distances and with a certain amount of energy than in other places the energy shells Inner shells fill before outer shells are created Full shells more stable than partial shells
PERIODIC TABLE Arranged from lowest atomic number to highest, h from left to right, from top to bottom Each row corresponds to an energy level (electron shell) Each column contains elements e e with similar properties, which repeat on a regular (or periodic) basiss These similar properties are a result of the same number of electrons in the outermost shell
Periodic table
Ionic bonding Result of stability of filled outer shells of electrons Sodium apt to lose its lone outer electron Chlorine apt to fill its nearly-full outer shell
Nucleus of atom 1. All except 2. 2. Contains the electrons 3. Contains the neutrons 4. Contains the protons 5. Is responsible for most of the mass of the atom 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1 2 3 4 5
Electrons 1. All of these 2. Are a function of the periodic table 3. Are very low mass compared to protons and neutrons 4. Don t participate in atomic bonding 5. Have a neutral charge 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1 2 3 4 5
Mineral 1. All of these 2. Dietary supplement 3. Made of rock 4. Natural crystalline compound 5. Same as element 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1 2 3 4 5
Elemental Abundance in Crust
Silica tetrahedron
Isolated and chain Silicate Structure
Olivine crystal
Hornblende
Sheet silicate structure
Cleavage mica
Framework silicate structure
Potassium Feldspar http://www.pitt.edu/~cejones/geoimages/1minerals/1igneousmineralz/feldspars.html
Quartz: conchoidal and irregular fracture http://www.pitt.edu/~cejones/geoimages/1minerals/ 1IgneousMineralz/Quartz.html
IMPORTANT MINERAL PROPERTIES LUSTER: all minerals have it CRYSTAL FORM: some show it STREAK: color oo may aybe white COLOR: may be diagnostic
Quartz crystals
Pyrite crystals
Pyritohedrons Five sided faces Ten faces Often striated http://www.minerals.net/mineral/sulfides/pyrite/pyrite2.htm http://www.dorlingkindersley-uk.co.uk/nf/clipart/image/0,,239020_1581737_,00.html
Hornblende
Fluorite crystals
streak
Color may not help to identify mineral These are all quartz http://www.pitt.edu/~cejones/geoimages/1minerals/ 1IgneousMineralz/Quartz.html
Color may not http://minerals.caltech.edu/silica_polymorphs/index.html help to identify mineral http://www.palagems.com/mineral_news_ 2008_v1.htm http://khubert.blogspot.com/2006/01/pinkhalite.html http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/col orado/mineral_rhodochrosite.html
Color may be diagnostic http://geology.csupomona.edu/alert/mineral/color.htm
Copper
Nonsilicate bornite copper ore
IMPORTANT MINERAL PROPERTIES HARDNESS: compare to common items CLEAVAGE: planes of internal weakness FRACTURE SPECIFIC GRAVITY: density, heft OTHER PROPERTIES MAGNETISM, TASTE, SMELL FIZZ IN Hydrochloric ACID DILUTE, HEATED, IF MINERAL IS POWDERED DOUBLE REFRACTION
Hardness 1 Tl 6. Orthoclase 1. Talc 2. Gypsum 3. Calcite 4. Fluorite 5. Apatite 7. Quartz Fingernail 2.5 Streak plate 7.5 Penny 3.5 Steel nail 5 Glass 5.5 8. Topaz 9. Corundum 10. Diamond
Conchoidal fracture quartz
Cleavage muscovite
Potassium Feldspar http://www.pitt.edu/~cejones/geoimages/1minerals/1igneousmineralz/feldspars.html
Plagioclase
Hornblende
Galena cleavage
Halite
Calcite http://marlimillerphoto.com/min.html
Fibrous fracture asbesoform mineral
Effervescence
Double Refraction
The resistance of a mineral to abrasion is known as. 1. cleavage 2. luster 3. Hardness 4. None of these 5. streak 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1 2 3 4 5
What element is the most abundant in Earth s crust by weight? 1. carbon 2. chlorine 3. Oxygen 4. silicon 5. sodium 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1 2 3 4 5
Which of the following has the highest specific gravity? 1. gold 2. ice 3. Quartz 4. water 5. wood 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1 2 3 4 5
The strong tendency of certain minerals to break along smooth, parallel planes is known as. 1. cleavage 2. cracking luster 3. fracture 4. habit 5. streak 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1 2 3 4 5
The most unreliable (variable) diagnostic property of minerals such as quartz is. 1. color 2. habit 3. hardness 4. specific gravity 5. streak 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1 2 3 4 5
Input the 1st of six number of your v # with the transmitters (after the V00 part) V00123456 Enter this digit now as soon as the polling box turns green and says open I will ask for the second digit shortly Do not press the number for the second digit until I ask for it with the next slide If you make a mistake, reenter the proper number before we go on to the next slide Do not push the GO button unless you need to recode it transmit frequency!! ( when you push GO it resets the frequency it transmit on)
Now input the 2nd number after the V00 with the transmitters V00123456 this digit only, not any others when the polling box turns green! If you make a mistake, reenter the proper number before we go on to the next slide Do not push the GO button!!
It s time to input the 3rd number with the transmitters V00123456 This digit only Do not go on to the next digit until I go to the next slide!! If you make a mistake, reenter the proper number before we go on to the next slide If you didn t get an entry, enter the proper one for this slide, not the one for the previous slide
We are up to the 4th digit of your V# V00123456 If you make a mistake, reenter the proper number before we go on to the next slide If you didn t get an entry, enter the proper one for this slide, not the one for the previous slide Do not push the GO button!!
Input the 5th digit now V00123456 Do not go on to the next digit until I go to the next slide If you make a mistake, reenter the proper p number If you didn t get an entry, enter the proper one for this slide, not the one for the previous slide Do not push the GO button!!
Input the LAST DIGIT of your v # with the clickers V00123456 when the polling box turns green If you make a mistake, reenter the proper number Do not push the GO button!!