78 686 837-846 013 J. Archit. Plann., AIJ, Vol. 78 No. 686, 837-846, Apr., 013 K. Nurul HANDAYANI, Takeru SAKAI, Atsushi DEGUCHI and Prasanna DIVIGALPITIYA Lecturer, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Sebelas Maret University, Dr. Eng. Prof., New Campus Planning Office, Kyushu University, Dr. Eng. Prof., Graduate School of Frontiers Sciences, University of Tokyo, Dr. Eng. Assoc. Prof., Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Dr. Eng. 837
Wahid Hasyim Street 1 Selection Study Areas of atik Industry in Surakarta and Yogyakarta Cities:,, and Study literature of Neighbourhood asset management, Industrial cluster, Urban heritage 4 JAKARTA 0 100 (km) LAWEYAN 0 100 300 City Center Neighbourhood boundaries Palace Compound River Arterial Street Collector Street Local Street Heritage Site Palace Square Slamet Riyadi Street South Palace Square District of Kliwon 0 500 1 km Neighbourhood Asset Management (NAM) for Communities Sustainability in Urban atik Cluster Development Phase of atik Industry Timeline Analysis Compile supporting documents, interview with 5 key persons 1) Historical Event ) Cause Factors 3) Stakeholders Central Java SURAKARTA YOGYAKARTA Surakarta City North Palace Square Surakarta Palace Indonesia Java Island KAUMAN City Center 3 Slamet Riyadi Street Comparison Studies of Neighbourhood Asset Management Critical Issues and Feature of Industrial atik Clusters Development District of 0 500 1 km Ahmad Dahlan Street District of Kraton 0 500 1 km The Function of atik Industry Communities in NAM Kabaranan River North Palace Square South Palace Square Questionnaire survey was carried out 1) Human Capital ) Product Market TAMANSARI City Center Yogyakarta City Yogyakarta Palace Interview with 5 key persons, other sources 3) Social Capital 838
N E I G H O U R H O O D A S S E T M A N A G E M E N T Internal and External Factors of Industrial Cluster Neighbourhood Assets Composition Entrepreneurs Human Resources Labour HUMAN CAPITAL Technology Process & Capabilities Supply Chain Market Distribution PRODUCT Customer MARKET Tourism SOCIAL CAPITAL Knowledge Sharing FORUM Total Number Rejected to Sample of of usiness Participate Survey 90 44 46 57 5 3 40 7 33 839
Period Case Studies LAWEYAN KAUMAN TAMANSARI 1600: Mataram Kingdom 1800: Dutch Colonialization 1945: Indonesia s Independence 1998: Reform Year (1930) (1546) (1850) (191) (190) (1953) (1990) (1997) (004) (007) (008) (009) (010) (011) Formation as Producing atik Sarekat Dagang Islam Decline Process of Decline Revival of atik Industry Open Work Textile Formation as HE of atik Accademician Trading Ward for Aristocrat, Export, Most SME s Inscribe as Forum-PKL Ordinary People atik s Industry Peak atik Cooperative Clossed Heritage Area Tourism For Mass Production Production (GKI) by Local Government Destination (1755) (1755) (006) Mataram Surakarta Kingdom Palace Producing atik atik for Royal Family Formation Religious Center Settlement Yogyakarta Palace Phase I 1600-1800 (1758) Water Castle Formation as Pleasure Garden atik s House Decline Process of Decline Revival of atik Industry Open Work Constructed Peak Stakeholders Open Work Production District atik s Industry atik Cooperative Accademician Revitalization For Mass Production (GKI) Forum-PKK Tourism Destination (1867) (1974) (1980) (00) Process Decline Producing atik Decline Revival of atik Industry for Royal Family Official Peak Water Castle Open Production Earthquake for Tourism omb ALI Earthquake Revitalization Formation Forum KALPIKA - Open Work for Stakeholders Open Work as Settlement Formation as HEof atik Industry and atik Gallery (Tourism) Stakeholders Phase II 1800-1945 Phase III 1945-1998 Open Work Stakeholders District Revitalization Phase IV 1998-Present Golden Time Period Decline Period Revival atik Industry Political Era atik Production Historical Event Formation as HE of atik Industry Open Work Accademician IPAL IPAL Programme Heritage uilding Revitalization Colloboration Event District Revitalization Kampung Revitalization Forum Kampung Cyber Peak Production Revival of atik Industry 840
3 (9.1%) 9 (87.9%) 1 (3.0%) (3) 1 (37.5%) 0 (6.5%) 1 (.%) 31 (67.4%) 8 (17.4%) 6 (13.0%) < 15 years old 15-34 years old 35-60 years old > 60 years old (3) (3) 10 (30.3%) 3 (69.7%) (3) (3) Female 18 (56.3%) 14 (43.8%) 7 (58.7%) 19 (41.3%) Private uilding Male 30 (90.9%) 3 (9.1%) 17 (53.1%) 15 (37.5%) 16 (48.5%) Inside the area Outside /, within Surakarta City Outside, within Yogyakarta 45 (97.8) 1 (.%) Rental uilding 31 (7.7%) (7.3%) 9 (90.6%) 3 (9.4%) 3 (69.6%) 11 (3.9%) 3 (6.5%) = <10 Laborers 11-0 Laborers >30 Laborers 9 (7.3%) 8 (4.%) 6 (18.8%) 15 (56.3%) 11 (34.4%) (47.8%) 19 (41.3%) 5 (10.8%) Outside Surakarta City Outside Yogyakarta 841
No Number of usiness Type (3) 1. Workshop 6 (13.0 %) 1 (3.1%) 4 (11.8%). Apparel 6 (13.0 %) (6.3%) 5 (14.7%) 3. Gallery 19 (41.3 %) 6 (81.3%) 15 (1.%) 4. 5. Workshop & Gallery Apparel & Gallery 7 (15. %) (4.3 %) (6.3%) 1 (3.1%) 7 (0.6%) 1 (.9%) 6. Company of atik Full Production 6 (13.0 %) - 1 (.9%) No Number of usiness Location (3) 1.. 3. 4. Terrace Living/ Family Room Special Room Outside within Compound 4 (8.7%) 16(34.8%) 13(8.3%) 3 (6.5%) 1 (37.5%) 4 (1.5%) 13 (40.6%) 3 (9.4%) 10 (33.3%) 16 (45.5%) 3 (9.1%) 4 (1.1%) 5. Factory 10 (1.7%) - - No Mean Size of HE (3) 1. Company of atik Full Production 567.5 m 397. m 167.8 m. Living Space & Gallery Used 150.3 m 03.0 m 135.5 m 3. Living Space & Workshop 17.8 m - 8.5 m 4. Workshop 1114.0 m - - 5. Gallery 73.8 m 10.7 m - Foreign Country 4 (1.0%) 3 (6.0%) Java 6 (18.7.0%) 14 (30.5%) 3 (9.0%) SOOKERTO/ DIY Regency 6 (18.7%) (4.3%) 4 (73.0%) Surakarta City/ 0 (6.5%) Yogyakarta City 30 (65.%) LAWEYAN KAUMAN TAMANSARI Foreign Country 8 (4.%) Outside Java (6.3%) 5 (15.%) Java SOOKERTO/ 1 (.%) (6.0 %) 7 (1.8%) 16 (3.5%) 16 (48.5%) DIY Regency 8 (5.0%) 17 (15.%) (6.1%) Surakarta City/ 15 (46.9%) Yogyakarta City 18 (39.1%) LAWEYAN KAUMAN TAMANSARI 11 (33.3 %) (66.7 %) 4 (75 %) 8 (5 %) 11 (3.9 %) 35 (76.1 %) 0 % 0 % 40 % 60 % 80 % Has enefit No efit 84
LAWEYAN KAUMAN TAMANSARI Phase I (1600-1800) Phase II (1800-1945) Phase III (1945-1998) Phase IV (1998-Present) Demand: Demand: Public Demand: atik Cooperative by National Goverment Forum Group Public Royal National G Tourism Demand: L Royal Public Demand: Stakeholders: Royal The atik Community had Accademics of Universities established in this period International NPO but was weak legitimated Government Demand: Tourism Royal Group Stakeholders Demand: Tourism Forum G L Stakeholders Demand: Tourism atik Entrepreneurs G atik Entrepreneurs Group L Local Community atik Demand weak atik Demand Strong atik Community F Communication between atik entrepreneurs who are outside of Forum or Group Coordination among Forum/ Group member 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 ACTIVITIES Declaration of as Tourism Destination Declaration of FPKL in Event fortourism Promotion in Mengenal Kampung atik Training for Guide Technical Assistance Community ased Development From Academician to establish atik Forum Physical Revitalitation Water Castle Declaration of as Kampung atik for Tourism Destination Declaration of Forum PKK in Monthly Event fortourism Promotion in SELAWEYAN Physical Revitalitation in atik Area Development atik Waste Recyling in Monthly Event for atik - Photo Exhibition in Physical Revitalitation # 1 in atik Area Development atik Waste Recyling in Conservation Programme for Heritage uilding from Local Government in Annual National Event held by Surakarta City Government Solo atik Carnival Established Kampung Cyber in by local community RT 36 RW 09 Forum Cluster form Government in Internship Programme in from University Conservation Programme for Heritage uilding from Local Government in Empowerment Programme in by Clean atik Initiative, German Internship Programme in Open Working Academician & Forum in Physical Revitalitation # in atik Area Physical Revitalitation # 1 in atik Area Physical revitalitation # in atik Area uilding Heritage Mapping in STAKEHOLDERS F G E F G E A F G E F G F E G E R C F G E F G E A F G C F G E C F G E F C F G E C F G E F G C F G E F G E F A F G C g G E F A F A F G E C F G E C F G E C F G A F Forum g Group ussiness G Government A Academician E Expert C Local Community Formal Media Informal Media Empowerment Support Physical Support C 843
Historical Event Site Location HumanCapital Process & Capabilities HISTORICAL FACTORS 1) Kraton Influence ) Dynamic Development a) Golden Period b) Decline Period 3) Reviving Period 1) Proximity to the Heritage Site ) Proximity to the City Center 3) Proximity to the Natural Element 1) Dominance Female Entrepreneurs ) Dominance Private usiness Venue 3) Dominance Rent usiness Venue 4) Vary of Employment Size 5) Labor Supply 1) Vary of ussiness Type ) Vary of HE s Size 3) Vary of Space Used 4) Vary of Supplier LAWEYAN KAUMAN TAMANSARI Issues in the three atik Clusters and were triggered by cultural activities from Surakarta and Yogyakarta Palace,, have a dynamic process and have possibility advantage of being able to easily start a business easily for the market distribution and are traditional based production Possibility easily open business in Diversity of employment size in Labor origin of and were within the atik cluster,, have a diversity of bussiness type has the advantage of having been an industrial cluster from the beginning Product Market Social Capital 1) Vary of Product Market Distribution ) Promotion Tourism Industry 3) Vary of Tourism Event 1) Active Forum Approaches ) Knowledge-sharing with The Academician 3) Knowledge-sharing with The Expert influenced by Tourism industry Active tourism promotion in Surakarta support by government Active Forum approches Diversity of actor player 8 (4.%) 5 (75.8%) 19 (59.4%) 13 (40.6%) 6 (13.0%) 40 (87.0%) 0% 0% 40% 60% 80% 100% Has enefit No efit 844
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