Atomic Structure and Nuclear Unit 3 Test Review WEST on Thursdav 10ÿ_ Parts of the atom: Learning Goals o Describe the three subatomic particles: o protons, e neutrons o electrons. o Determine the atomic number for any element using the periodic table. o Using given information, determine one or more of the following for a neutral atom or ions. o Number of Protons o Atomic Number o Number of Neutrons o Mass Number o Number of Electrons o Complete Atomic Symbol o Identify pairs of isotopes. o Identify ions. o Calculate atomic mass. o Determine the most abundant isotope for each element based on its atomic mass. o Explain how the theory of the atom has changed over time especially from the contributions of the following scientists. o Democritus o Dalton o Thomson o Rutherford o Bohr o Describe major- experiments and their effects on the atomic model. o Thomson o Rutherford o Describe the current atomic model. Example Questions 1. What uantity identifies an element? B) mass number C) number of neutrons D) number of valence electrons. Chlorine-37 can be represented as A) ÿcz i).' 37 17 CI 35 C) 2o Cl b) 37 35 CI 2O
. Which isotope is the basis of the atomic mass unit (amu)? A) hydrogen-i B) carbon-12 C) carbom14 b) oxygen-16 4, Which total mass is the smallest? A) the mass of 2 electrons B) the mass of 2 neutrons,... C) the mass of I electron plus the mass of I proton b) the mass of 1 neutron plus the mass of 1 electron. The diagram below represents the nucleus of an atom. Key Proton = Neutron :O What are the atomic number and mass number of this atom? A) The atomic number is 9 and the mass number is 19. "ÿ. i B) The atomic number is 9 and the mass number is 20. %ÿ C) The atomic number is 11 and the mass number is 19. % b) The atomic number is 11 and the mass number is 20. #,4. \, J Which represents the most abundant isotope of sodium? A) sodium-11 B) sodium-22 ÿ ( tÿ C) sodium-23, )'ÿ'ÿ'- b) sodium-24,, :. What is the total number of electrons in a Mg ion if it loses 2 electrons? A) 2 electrons B) 10 electrons C) 12 electrons b) 14 electrons. Which two notations represent different isotopes of the same element? A) B) C) b) 6Be and 9Be 1ÿC and '4N 6. 3Lz and 6Li 32 _P and 16S
9. What is the total number of neutrons in an atom of26 stfe? A) 26 electrons B) 31 electrons C) 5Z electrons D) 83 electrons 10. If an element loses or gains electrons, it will form a(an) A) Neutral atom B) Isotope ' ; C) Ion b) fluorine 11. How many protons are found in an atom of fluorine? A) 7 B) 9 j c)1o D) 19!2. Which isotope of magnesium is the most abundant? A) magnesium-12 : B) magnesium-24, J C) magnesiumo25 b) magnesium-26 13. In the Modern wave mechanical model of the atom, the orbitals are regions of the most probable locations of the A) c) D) protons electrons neutrons positrons 14. Which scientist was the first to indicate that electrons exist in distinct energy levels? A).- B) < \\ ) C) b) Thomson Rutherford Millikan Bohr 15. Who discovered the electron? A) Dalton B) Thomson C) Rutherford b) Bohr
16. Which phrase describes an atom? A) a positively charged electron cloud surrounding a positively charged nucleus B) a positively charged electron cloud surrounding a negatively charged nucleus C) a negatively charged electron cloud surrounding a positively charged nucleus b) a negatively charged electron cloud surrounding a negatively charged nucleus 17. Corn Complete Symbol lete the following table. Atomic Mass Number Number Protons Neutrons Electrons Charge! :,.(t - 12.)I ; ix t 1> 14... 23ÿr + lljva '4... > "?> >" I- t 30 t 18, " -3 18. Showing all your work, calculate the atomic mass for the followinq element Isotope Mass (ainu) Percent Abundance Isotope#1 Isotope#2 27.98 28.98 92.22% 4.69% Isotope#3 29.97 3.09% Identify this element. i' ÿ " 7 - \ \ \ if' 7! jr.<ÿ, ;?..ÿ 0 " <. f.... +,, ) b:<7.,"{<,7<) 19. Neon-20 accounts for 94.31o of naturally occurring neon. Neom23 accounts for the remaining Calculate the atomic mass of neon. SHOW ALL WORK[ 7 ÿ S o 5.770. if? ) i" 1. > "'ÿ i <; t <d> xi (7 >', J "7
20. Rutherford led to two important discoveries about the atom using his gold foil experiment. For each observation, indicate what he was able to conclude about the atom. A) Observation #1: Rutherford noticed that about 1 in 1<O,000 of the positively charged part,ties was deflected. He d,scovered the ÿ ÿ - W': B) Observation #2: Rutherford noticed that a majority of the positively charged particles went straight through the gold foil and were not deflected. He discovered the 21. Complete the labels below and fill in the blanks in the statements to the right. Stop at the directions. 8 0 >ÿg,,, f A t om 7 c ÿ] u m bet equ a] s lhe ÿ:.,<umber of '! J ) ÿ"kbÿ-, oÿ + ", ; ÿ',ÿ i < ÿ;.%+l.:<.. Aÿ:sm i c.m asÿ eqa @l t5.999 : : " : <i! :'t ":t "' i". iii DIRECTIONS: Fill in the blank in each box as well as the 6 blanks below it. Use the iiii Oxygenol6 Zinc:67 8 30 F,+ j iÿÿ Zinc 15.999 65.39 Lithium:6 Li 6ÿ941 Atomic Bÿass ÿ o ÿ ÿ Aÿomic Mass-J c, ; ' - ÿ Y" i:,.ÿ:.;,:,... AtO:rfiÿC MSDS # PfOtOrÿ,'?" <' ÿ ; Of " = # of Pt"@[ Orÿ S ÿ ;ÿ..:s.. # Of ÿ.jll' r:ls ÿ { ;'. ÿ Of f',ÿ'ed[rof'ts :: ',. :... 7 7ÿ... #. of_ Electrons ÿ " ' 7ÿ' of ÿlectrorÿ.7ÿ =,._.,, '.Aÿo,q"ÿg.<VIÿ 8:sÿ" "ÿ" -: : " "" Is s # of P:rotorÿs --... 7, ;7 # of ÿtectforÿs... t 22. An isotope of an element has an atomic number of 8 and a mass number of 15. How many protons, neutrons and electrons does this atom have and which element is this? { "} i : +
23. If hydrogen has two naturally occurring isotopes, Hal and Ha2 and the atomic mass of hydrogen is 1.0079, then which of these two isotopes of hydrogen is more abundant? 0 :u:<:, s' ; Study Guide for Nuclear Chemistry 1. What determines if an atom will be radioactive or unstable? 2. The three principle types of radioactive decay are, :,! <, and :f Use the following answer choices for question 4-16 a. alpha particles b. beta particles c. gamma rays d. alpha and beta particles e. beta particles and gamma rays f. all of the above 4., J 7,, 9, Described as a fast moving electron Has a positive charge,,ÿ ' Has no mass or atomic number Changes both the mass number andatomic number in radioactive decay A helium nucleus Electromagnetic radiation Cannot be stopped by human skin or a Riece of paper ÿ, Largest type of radioactive decay <ii i ',, : :2 Transmutation reaction ÿ " ", Most damaging and most penetrating... 13. Particle released when carbon-14 changes to nitrogen 14 " 14. Emission increases the stability of the nucleus < ( 15. Not deflected by any magnetic or electrical fields 16. Write the nuclear decay equation for thorium-230 undergoing alpha decay. J 17. Write the nuclear decay equation for ÿ i emitting a beta particle. >, 18. Tlÿorium-234 can undergo beta particle production. What is the other product? is ".d t ' i
19. List three positive uses of nuckar chemistry. :! ',, i ÿ 'i 3 'i 20. Zdentify the following as fission or fusion: Label Type:ÿ;ÿj Type:.,? jÿ ÿ3eutrorl...! neutron ÿ rget nudeu$,,ÿ neutron 20. List properties of fusion and fission. h -.- i " "ÿ S ÿ J ij' " \ f" 'i ] ('iÿ ill... v,