Frequently Asked Questions 1 Is THERMOVISION TOMOGRAPHY technology independent, or it requires previous seismic or other data? THERMOVISION TOMOGRAPHY technology is a stand-alone technology. Independent geophysical method based on the study of the thermal properties of the geological environment. 2 What results will I get with THERMOVISION TOMOGRAPHY? The final results of the study are identification of prospective areas and delineation of the oil-bearing/mineral area/zone. If necessary - we create a 3D model of oil-bearing/mineral area/zone and we can calculate its geometric volume. 3 Can your technology be used offshore? Yes, THERMOVISION TOMOGRAPHY is equally effective both offshore and onshore. 4 How detailed is the analysis and the report? Level of detailisation is defined in Geological Assignment by agreement between Service Provider and Client. For example in Express Analysis we locate prospective and not prospective zones, whereas Full Scale Analysis can show exact spot for drilling (Oil & Gas) and digging (Minerals) with its coordinates and depth, migration study for Oil & Gas, genesis for Minerals and volumetric data of reserve. 5 There is a gold deposit, can you make the analysis and assessment and show detailed ppm of Au (gold)? Or for example if there is copper deposit, can you say what type of copper deposit it is (Chalcopyrite, Porphyry, Sediment hosted, Red bed, etc.)? No. Satellite geophysical survey has nothing to do with this. Different methods are required for answering these questions. THERMOVISION TOMOGRAPHY technology has different aims: zoning of large and small areas to identify promising zones, outlining deposits, estimation of geometrical volume of fields and recommendations for optimal location of wells/mines. 6 Will your technology identify location of seams, thickness and three dimensional view of seams? Yes, this is exactly what we do in our survey. (You can watch our 3d models on www.linnter.com)
7 How long does it take to complete analysis of potential deposits based on land size? THERMOVISION TOMOGRAPHY timeframes for Full Scale Analysis: less than 5000 sq.km. 3-6 months more than 5000 sq.km 7-8 months Firstly, we need to get Application from our Client with detailed description of tasks. Then our Geological Assignment, which includes level of detailisation and timeframes, must be filled. After that we will be able to give exact answer. 8 What is the minimum area required for a survey? Minimum area for Oil & Gas - 500 sq. km. for Mining - 20 sq.km. 9 What is the depth of investigation, is there a depth limit to the technology? We analyzed the crust maximal up to 100 km. For the purposes of the search and evaluation of hydrocarbon deposits in order to understand the tectonic structure in most cases it is enough to study the depths of 8-10 km. Detailed subdivision (analysis) of a profile is done for the sedimentary cover. 10 Can it differentiate oil vs. gas accumulation? Yes, we can and have the experience 11 Can this technology work in extremely snowy arctic or very thick jungle? We have not had any contracts in Arctic yet. But neither thickness of snow cover, nor water, nor vegetation (forests, rivers, swamps, jungles) is an obstacle for quality of THERMOVISION TOMOGRAPHY data interpretation. We have worked in Peru jungles, in Nigeria and Equatorial Guinea under extreme surface conditions (thick jungle, swamps, rugged terrain), in spite of that, we got very useful and good results, which were confirmed by subsequent practical developments. 12 Will THERMOVISION TOMOGRAPHY technology detect small accumulation around 1 sq.km? So far we have not faced any limits for detection of accumulation with such size 13 Does it detect only structural or also stratigraphic accumulations? Yes, with the use of aprioristic data, incl. well logging, we can tie boundaries of thermal layers to stratigraphy
14 If it can still be effective under a gas cloud/gas chimney then how can it detect gas? Identification of a particular type of hydrocarbon depends on a different set of signs, although the conditions of formation may be the same. We use different approaches and instruments for oil analysis and gas analysis. The thermal field is formed as follows: Environment-water-oil-gas. According to the intensity of the thermal field, these components are separated, and we register it in our research confidently. Therefore we have no problem as per inquiry. 15 Can the technology be effective under salt layers, hard rock layers like basalt or mélange, where seismic imaging is ineffective? Yes, THERMOVISION TOMOGRAPHY technology is effective in these cases. 16 Do you have statistics of its predictive effectiveness? If I have a technical positive with your technology what sort of probability should I assume pre-drill? Or can I assume 100% probability? "The results of all the studies executed, as well as the recommendations for subsequent pilot drilling - gave positive results. Up to date our success rate is 100%." 17 How do you differentiate ambiguity? For example when small body has high thermal density or big body has low thermal density, how do you deal with it? In this kind of different situations we calculate it with the use of specifically developed algorithms. Correctness of work of these algorithms was tested in theoretical models (solving direct and inverse problems), considering the various sources and their position, all the results up to date are good and accurate. 18 What if we have fractured basement reservoir of hydrocarbons? It is not a problem for THERMOVISION TOMOGRAPHY. Our technology allows to execute surveys surely in basements, terrigenous and carbonate rocks. 19 How do you conduct conversion from surface images to depth images without any geological info? We execute spatial filtration of the field with the use of specifically developed algorithms. There are 4 types of algorithms, which we use in different combinations depending on a task. 20 Can you differentiate layers in multilayer hydrocarbon deposits? We have solved such tasks. It depends on type of section and on every particular situation. This kind of tasks is very delicate, thus we need to make more detailed study and comprehension. In other words, if this information occurs in greenfield, scientific team may need more detailed analysis.
21 Can you detect unconventional shale oil/gas? We are able to perform suchlike works. We have all the THERMOVISION TOMOGRAPHY signs and algorithms for detecting unconventional deposits on hand. 22 Can you differentiate types of lithology? Yes, with the use of additional aprioristic data we can do it. 23 How do you get material density from thermal density? This is our know-how. 24 What is your relation to gravity study? THERMOVISION TOMOGRAPHY technology provides profiles, which correlate with electric and gravitational models, because they are potential fields. But THERMOVISION TOMOGRAPHY technology provides much more comprehensive information, which is absent in Gravity study. 25 What is the resolution of THERMOVISION TOMOGRAPHY? What minimum oil/hydrocarbon column can you detect? It depends on a size of pixel of satellite image (our source data). In our regular calculations our resolution is 60 meters, but in general we can get the resolution up to 20 m. There is a possibility that the formation of a size less than 20 m and local geometric zones can t be felt. However, we identify complex of favorable conditions for hydrocarbon formation in a given area and so we can define a type and a structure of oil deposit, and what a Client can encounter during its development, incl. presence/absence of small geometrical zones. 26 Do you require technical input like porosity, hydrocarbon density etc.? THERMOVISION TOMOGRAPHY can calculate geometric volume of oil-bearing zone, and for the assessment of commercial oil itself, aprioristic data, such as porosity of oil-bearing zones, oil density, permeability of environment, etc., is important. In this case, when it is necessary for a Client to calculate the potential amount of oil in the reservoir, and if such aprioristic information of a given region is available - we ask a Client to provide it. 27 What are the limitations of your technology? Based on our last 10 years of field experience so far we have not faced any limitations. We have enough algorithms and instruments for most of the common problems, whereas some delicate tasks will merely require slightly more time.
28 28 What is the difference between your technology and other technologies that also use satellites (in general)? The main difference other technologies do not have a method of converting a field to a depth model. THERMOVISION TOMOGRAPHY technology has such method and therefore allows us to build models of block-and-fault structure and homogeneity, to find location of sources of thermal field, etc. 29 List of Companies you have worked with? Our work is highly confidential and commercially sensitive, our company has a policy not to name clients or discuss current assignments unless knowledge of our involvement is already in the public domain. Therefore should specific details be required on our experience or capabilities please contact us for more information. 30 30 We have not seen any of the THERMOVISION TOMOGRAPHY reports, is it possible to see some of your previous reports? We believe, that providing reports of other Clients is not right. We can offer our potential Clients following solution: Client provides us with a desired report sample with its content and structure. Then we add certain details in this report taking into account our technology. 31 31 Are these reports in line with Joint Ore Report Committee (JORC), which are recognized and endorsed by the committees? Yes, they are in line. www.linnter.com