Name Period Date Chemical Nomenclature Fill-in the blanks during the PowerPoint presentation in class. Common Names A lot of chemicals have common names as well as the proper (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) name. Chemicals that should always be named by common name and never named by the IUPAC method are: H 2 O, not dihydrogen monoxide NH 3, not nitrogen trihydride Compounds Formed from Ions + compounds Na + + Cl - NaCl (+ ion) (- ion) A compound requires number of + and charges. Predicting Charges on Monatomic Ions (KNOW THESE!!!) Binary Ionic Compounds contains (cations) and (anions) name the to name the ionic compound Two types metals that form only cation (type I) metals that can form or more cations (type II), usually metals Ionic Compounds ammonium chloride, NH 4 Cl Ca 2+ + 2 F - Mg 2+ + N 3- Mg 2+ + Cl 1-1
Formulas of Ionic Compounds Formulas of ionic compounds are determined from the on the ions. e- Na + F Na + + F- NaF sodium + fluorine sodium ion + fluoride ion formula Charge balance: Writing Formula Write the formula for the ionic compound that will form between Ba 2+ and Cl -. Solution: 1. Balance charge with + and ions 2. Write the positive ion of metal first, and then negative ion 3. Write the number of ions needed as subscripts Naming Compounds Binary Ionic Compounds 1. Cation first, then anion 2. Monatomic cation = name of the element Ca 2+ = ion 3. Monatomic anion = root + -ide Cl - = ion CaCl 2 = calcium chloride Examples: NaCl ZnI 2 Al 2 O 3 Write the correct formula for the compounds containing the following ions: 1. Na +, S 2- a) NaS b) Na 2 S c) NaS 2 2. Al 3+, Cl - a) AlCl 3 b) AlCl c) Al 3 Cl 3. Mg 2+, N 3- a) MgN b) Mg 2 N 3 c) Mg 3 N 2 Complete the names of the following binary compounds: Na 3 N KBr Al 2 O 3 MgS Transitions Metals Elements that can have more than MUST have a Numeral to indicate the charge on the individual ion. 1+ or 2+ 2+ or 3+ Cu +, Cu 2+ Fe 2+, Fe 3+ copper ( ) ion iron ( ) ion copper ( ) ion iron ( ) ion Names of Variable Ions These elements REQUIRE Roman Numerals because they can have more than one possible charge: anything except (You should already know the charges on these!) Or another way to say it is: Transition metals and the metals in groups 4A and 5A (except Ag, Zn, Cd, and Al) require a Roman Numeral. FeCl 3 (Fe ) iron ( ) chloride CuCl (Cu ) copper ( ) chloride SnF 4 (Sn ) tin ( ) fluoride PbCl 2 (Pb ) lead ( ) chloride Fe 2 S 3 (Fe ) iron ( ) sulfide 2
Complete the names of the following binary compounds with variable metal ions: FeBr 2 CuCl SnO 2 Fe 2 O 3 Hg 2 S Polyatomic Ions charged entities composed of several atoms assigned names with specific charges the ionic charge is on the of atoms Ternary Ionic Nomenclature Writing Formulas Write each ion, cation first. in the final formula. Overall charge must equal. If charges cancel,. If not, use to balance charges. Use parentheses to show more than one of a particular. Use indicate the ion s when needed (stock system). 1. aluminum nitrate a) AlNO 3 b) Al(NO) 3 c) Al(NO 3 ) 3 2. copper(ii) nitrate a) CuNO 3 b) Cu(NO 3 ) 2 c) Cu 2 (NO 3. Iron (III) hydroxide a) FeOH b) Fe 3 OH c) Fe(OH) 3 4. Tin(IV) hydroxide a) Sn(OH) 4 b) Sn(OH) 2 c) Sn 4 (OH) Sodium Sulfate Na + and SO -2 4 Iron (III) hydroxide Fe +3 and OH - Ammonium carbonate NH + 4 and CO 2 3 Naming Ternary Compounds Contains at least elements There MUST be at least one polyatomic ion. Examples: o NaNO 3 o K 2 SO 4 o Al(HCO 3 ) 3 or Match each set with the correct name: 1. Na 2 CO 3 a) magnesium sulfite MgSO 3 b) magnesium sulfate MgSO 4 c) sodium carbonate 2. Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 a) calcium carbonate CaCO 3 b) calcium phosphate Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 c) calcium bicarbonate Mixed Practice Name the following: 1. Na 2 O 2. CaCO 3 3. PbS 2 4. Sn 3 N 2 5. Cu 3 PO 4 6. HgF 2 Mixed Up The Other Way Write the formula: 1. Copper (II) chlorate 2. Calcium nitride 3. Aluminum carbonate 4. Potassium bromide 5. Barium fluoride 6. Cesium hydroxide 3
Naming Molecular Compounds All are formed from two or more nonmetals. compounds generally involve a metal and a nonmetal (ex: ) Molecular (Covalent) Nomenclature for two nonmetals Prefix System (binary compounds) 1. Less electronegative atom comes first. 2. Add to indicate # of atoms. Omit mono- prefix on the element. Mono- is included on the SECOND element 3. Change the ending of the element to -ide. Molecular Nomenclature Prefixes PREFIX NUMBER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Examples: CCl 4 arsenic trichloride N 2 O dinitrogen pentoxide SF 6 tetraphosphorus decoxide Fill in the blanks to complete the following 1. P 2 O 5 a) phosphorus oxide names of covalent compounds. b) phosphorus pentoxide CO carbon oxide c) diphosphorus pentoxide CO 2 carbon 2. Cl 2 O 7 a) dichlorine heptoxide PCl 3 phosphorus chloride b) dichlorine oxide CCl 4 carbon chloride c) chlorine heptoxide N 2 O nitrogen oxide 3. Cl 2 a) chlorine b) dichlorine c) dichloride Overall strategy for naming chemical compound A flow chart for naming binary compounds 4
Mixed Review Name the following compounds: 1. CaO 2. SnCl 4 a) calcium oxide b) calcium(i) oxide c) calcium (II) oxide a) tin tetrachloride b) tin(ii) chloride c) tin(iv) chloride 3. N 2 O 3 a) nitrogen oxide b) dinitrogen trioxide c) nitrogen trioxide Mixed Practice 1. Dinitrogen monoxide 2. Potassium sulfide 3. Copper (II) nitrate 4. Dichlorine heptoxide 5. Chromium (III) sulfate 6. Iron (III) sulfite 7. Calcium oxide 8. Barium carbonate 9. Iodine monochloride 10. BaI 2 11. P 4 S 3 12. Ca(OH) 2 13. FeCO 3 14. Na 2 Cr 2 O 7 15. I 2 O 5 16. Cu(ClO 4 ) 2 17. CS 2 18. B 2 Cl 4 Acid Nomenclature Acids Compounds that form in water. Formulas usually begin with H. Examples: HCl (aq) hydrochloric acid HNO 3 nitric acid H 2 SO 4 sulfuric acid 5