APIMONDIA 2009 Montpellier,September 15-20 2009 Melliferous and polliniferous resources in an urban area : Saint-Denis (surburban( area of Paris). Yves Loublier*, Monique Morlot**, Agnès Rortais*, Patricia Beaune**, Régine Lurdos**, Florence Britis** & Gérard Arnold* *Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation (LEGS), CNRS UPR9034, Bât.13, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France **Michaud Lune de Miel, Bernard Michaud S.A., BP27, Domaine de Saint- Georges, Chemin de Berdoulou, 64290 Gan, France
Aims The general objective of this study is to develop methods and tools for the use of honeybees as bioindicators of the environment to monitor plant diversity and environmental pollution for three sites : urban, semi-natural and agricultural in the region of Ile-de-France. Environmental pollution is monitored through honeybees foraging activity. Plant diversity is determined with the types of pollen brought back to the colony by foragers Here, we present only the results concerning the melliferous and polliniferous resources brought back by bee colonies in an urban area, close to Paris.
Methods Experimental sites Three sites with distinct environments (urban, semi-natural and agricultural) were selected in the region Ile-de-France. St Denis Rambouillet St Cyr-sur-Dourdan
The site of St-Denis, where the data presented here come from
Materials At each site, a total of five colonies were installed, two colonies with pollen traps and three colonies with electronic scales (BeeWise, from Api-Velay, France), bee counters (BeeSCAN, from Lowland Electronics, Belgium). Data are sent daily by SMS to the laboratory. Pollen traps Bee counters Electronic scales
METHOD POLLEN Weekly pollen sampling were conducted at the two hives. Two samples were weighted separately and 10g of each were dried out at 37-40 C for 48 hours. One g out of these 10g from each colony were mixed together for pollen treatment (acetolysis) HONEY For the analysis of pollen contained in honey two samples of extracted honey sampled in the five colonies and weighting 250g each underwent melissopalynology, physicalchemical and sensory analyses POLLEN COUNTING Determination of diet resources For each slide we counted 2000 to 8000 grains to determine the BOTANICAL ORIGIN Floral abundance The total surface of slides (19-21 lines) was scanned to determine the TAXA DIVERSITY
RESULTS 1/ POLLEN LOADS: polliniferous resources CONTINUOUS FLOWERING SPRING FLOWERING SUMMER FLOWERING FALL FLOWERING OCCASIONAL FLOWERING 2/ FLORAL ABUNDANCE: taxa diversity
1/ POLLEN LOADS
CONTINUOUS FLOWERING Brassica type Sinapis type % BRASSICACEAE 100 80 60 40 20 0 APRIL 2007, 2008 MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER
OCTOBER SEPTEMBER 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 SPRING FLOWERING ROSACEAE JUNE JULY AUGUST Salix (only data for 2008) % APRIL MAY 2007, 2008
OCTOBER 30 20 10 0 SUMMER FLOWERING CASTANEA JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER APRIL MAY % 2007, 2008
OCTOBER SEPTEMBER 50 40 30 20 10 0 SUMMER FLOWERING SOPHORA JUNE JULY AUGUST MAY % APRIL 2007, 2008
OCTOBER SEPTEMBER 100 80 60 40 20 0 SUMMER FLOWERING PARTHENOCISSUS JUNE JULY AUGUST MAY % APRIL 2007, 2008
MAI OCTOBRE SEPTEMBRE 40 30 20 10 0 BUDDLEJA JUIN JUILLET AOUT % AVRIL 2007, 2008 SUMMER FLOWERING
OCTOBER SEPTEMBER 100 80 60 40 20 0 FALL FLOWERING HEDERA JUNE JULY AUGUST MAY % APRIL 2007, 2008
OCTOBER SEPTEMBER 6 4 2 0 BEGONIA JUNE JULY AUGUST MAY % FALL FLOWERING APRIL 2007, 2008
OCTOBER SEPTEMBER 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 FALL FLOWERING RESEDA JUNE JULY AUGUST MAY % APRIL 2007, 2008
OCCASIONAL FLOWERING Platanus (april 2008) Papaver (june 2007, august 2008) Olea (june 2008) Echium (july 2007) Chenopodiaceae/Amarant. (august 2008) Petunia (september 2008)
2/ FLORAL ABUNDANCE
NUMBER OF POLLEN TYPES AT SAINT-DENIS 2008 100 50 0 n = 171 Herbaceous 70% Trees 15% Shrubs and climbers 9% Cultivated and introduced 27%
100 50 0 NUMBER OF POLLEN TYPE PRESENT AT LEAST 50% NUMBER OF POLLEN TYPES PRESENT AT MORE 50% n = 16 Brassicaceae Cichoraceae Reseda Asteraceae Plantago t. coronopus Plantago t. lanc eolata Rosaceae t. Sinapis Buddleja Lonicera Apiac eae T rifolium t. repens Parthenocissus Plantago t. Brassica t. Clematis 100% 75% 60% 50% Herbaceous 75% Cultivated or introduced 13% Trees 0% Shrubs and climbers 19%
TAXA DIVERSITY (POLLEN LOADS) (Example in 2 weeks) June 7th, 2007 Rambouillet St. Cyr St.Denis Number 36 17 42 % Introd. species 0 6 10 Eschscholzia Hydrangea Petunia Philadelphus Deutzia September 5th, 2007 42 Rambouillet St. Cyr St.Denis Number 24 18 48 % Introd. species 0 6 19 Phacelia Begonia Buddleja Ceratostigma Clematis (horticultural) Cyclamen (horticultural) Gazania Petunia Ptelea Viburnum rithydifolium 19
GAZANIA CERATOSTIGMA
HONEY Spring honey Rhamnaceae Aesculus Brassicaceae Rosaceae Summer honey Ailanthus Buddleja Ligustrum Tilia Rhus
COMPARISON BETWEEN THE THREE SITES Urban +semi-natural+agricultural :Brassicaceae, Castanea, Hedera, Plantago and Rosaceae Urban: Begonia, Buddleja, Echium, Petunia, Reseda and Sophora Semi-natural :Centaurea cyanus, Fagopyrum, Hypericum, Tilia and Trifolium Agricultural :Anthemidae, Phacelia, Poaceae and Solanum
URBAN SITE HIGH NUMBER OF TAXA MORE DIVERSIFIED POLLINIFEROUS PLANTS IMORTANCE OF INTRODUCED LATE SUMMER FLOWERING URBAN MARKERS Begonia, Buddleja, Petunia Sophora, Buddleja, Gazania, Ceratostigma, Gaura type Liriodendron, Magnolia Koelreuteria MEDITERRANEAN MARKERS Olea (pollen loads) Cistus laurifolius, C. monspeliensis,
HELP! SOME UNKNOWN POLLEN TYPES
SOME UNKNOWN POLLEN TYPES
This project was supported by the Departement of Seine- Saint-Denis and by the Region Ile-de-France within the network R2DS (Réseau de Recherche sur le Développement Soutenable).