Classification of Marine Life & Habitats OCN 201 Biology Lecture 3 Grieg Steward
Autotrophs can make the organic building blocks of life starting from carbon dioxde Heterotrophs have to eat organics carbon dioxide nucleotides sugars H amino acids C H H S lipids
Classifying Marine Organisms by Nutrition
Classifying Marine Organisms by Nutrition Autotrophs - use CO 2 to make organics
Classifying Marine Organisms by Nutrition Autotrophs - use CO 2 to make organics Who: All plants, some protista and bacteria
Classifying Marine Organisms by Nutrition Autotrophs - use CO 2 to make organics Who: All plants, some protista and bacteria Can use sunlight (photo-) or chemical (chemo-) energy
Classifying Marine Organisms by Nutrition Autotrophs - use CO 2 to make organics Who: All plants, some protista and bacteria Can use sunlight (photo-) or chemical (chemo-) energy Heterotrophs - Need to consume organic compounds
Classifying Marine Organisms by Nutrition Autotrophs - use CO 2 to make organics Who: All plants, some protista and bacteria Can use sunlight (photo-) or chemical (chemo-) energy Heterotrophs - Need to consume organic compounds Who: everything that is not autotrophic
Classifying Marine Organisms by Nutrition Autotrophs - use CO 2 to make organics Who: All plants, some protista and bacteria Can use sunlight (photo-) or chemical (chemo-) energy Heterotrophs - Need to consume organic compounds Who: everything that is not autotrophic Mixotrophs - They can do both!
Autotrophy (photosynthesis or chemosynthesis) CO 2 + H 2 O
Autotrophy (photosynthesis or chemosynthesis) Energy CO 2 + H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2
Autotrophy (photosynthesis or chemosynthesis) Energy Autotrophic Cell CO 2 + H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2
Autotrophy (photosynthesis or chemosynthesis) Energy Autotrophic Cell CO 2 + H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 Sugar
Autotrophy (photosynthesis or chemosynthesis) Energy Autotrophic Cell 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 Sugar
Autotrophy (photosynthesis or chemosynthesis) Energy Autotrophic Cell 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 Sugar Cells are more than sugar. Other compounds are built from simple sugars plus nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorous) & trace metals)
Respiration Reversing the reaction yields energy the cell can use Autotrophic Cell 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Energy
Respiration Reversing the reaction yields energy the cell can use Autotrophic Cell 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Energy
Respiration Heterotrophs consume organics. Much is respired to get energy and some is used as building blocks to grow. Heterotroph 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Energy
Respiration Heterotrophs consume organics. Much is respired to get energy and some is used as building blocks to grow. Heterotroph 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Energy
Respiration Heterotrophs consume organics. Much is respired to get energy and some is used as building blocks to grow. Heterotroph 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Energy
Animals Fungus Macroalgae & Plants Protists Bacteria and Archaea Heterotrophs Heterotrophs Photoautotrophs Photoautotrophs Heterotrophs Mixotrophs Photoautotrophs Chemoautotrophs Heterotrophs Mixotrophs 3.8 bya 2 bya Today 7
Classifying Marine Organisms by Habitat Benthic (benthos = bottom) Pelagic (pelagius = of the sea) Ocean Habitats Intertidal (littoral) zone BENTHIC PELAGIC
Classifying Marine Organisms by Lifestyle Benthic (benthos = bottom) Infauna Epifauna Pelagic (pelagius = of the sea) Plankton (Drifters, weak swimmers) Nekton (Swimmers) Infauna Epifauna
Pelagic Organisms 35 mm Nekton (all are animals) 5 mm
Pelagic Organisms 35 mm Nekton (all are animals) Plankton 5 mm
Pelagic Organisms 35 mm Nekton (all are animals) Plankton 5 mm phytoplankton
Pelagic Organisms 35 mm Nekton (all are animals) Plankton 5 mm phytoplankton zooplankton
Pelagic Organisms 35 mm Nekton (all are animals) Plankton 5 mm phytoplankton zooplankton bacterioplankton
Physical Divisions of the Marine Environment Supralittoral (splash zone) NERITIC OCEANIC Sublittoral Littoral (intertidal) Epipelagic Mesopelagic 200 m 1000 m Bathyal Bathypelagic Abyssal Hadal Abyssopelagic Hadalpelagic 4000 m 6000 m
Physical & Chemical Factors Affecting Life
Physical & Chemical Factors Affecting Life Temperature & Light DECREASE with Depth & Latitude
Physical & Chemical Factors Affecting Life Temperature & Light DECREASE with Depth & Latitude Pressure INCREASES with Depth
Physical & Chemical Factors Affecting Life Temperature & Light DECREASE with Depth & Latitude Pressure INCREASES with Depth Salinity more variable near shore
Physical & Chemical Factors Affecting Life Temperature & Light DECREASE with Depth & Latitude Pressure INCREASES with Depth Salinity more variable near shore Air exposure in the littoral zone
Pressure Increases with Depth Photo courtesy Kate Achilles
Deep-diving marine mammals have collapsible lungs
Temperature Variations Temperature Decreases with Depth Temperature Decreases with Latitude POLAR TEMPERATE TROPICAL TEMPERATE POLAR
TOTAL light and COLOR Spectrum Vary with depth Red Yellow Green Blue UV Good Light Euphotic zone= where photosynthesis is possible! Euphotic 20 to 100 m Twilight Disphotic Disphotic zone= there is light but not enough for photosynthesis! about 600 m No Light Aphotic No light from the sun penetrates
Photosynthesis Feeds The Ocean Energy Food
The Pelagic Divisions (By Light) EUPHOTIC ZONE DISPHOTIC ZONE Good Light Twilight Photosynthesis can only happen up here! 20 to 100 m APHOTIC ZONE No Light about 600 m 18