The ALICE Experiment Introduction to relativistic heavy ion collisions

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Transcription:

The ALICE Experiment Introduction to relativistic heavy ion collisions 13.06.2012 Introduction to relativistic heay ion collisions Anna Eichhorn 1

Facts about ALICE ALICE A Large Ion Collider Experiment 1300 Physicists, engineers and technicans 120 physics institutes 35 countries Size: 16 x 16 x 26 m³ Weight: 10000 tons 13.06.2012 Introduction to relativistic heay ion collisions Anna Eichhorn 2

Ouestions to solve with ALICE? What happens to matter when it is heated to 100.000 times the temperature at the center of the sun? Why do protons and neutrons weight 100 times more than the quarks they are made of? Can the quarks inside the protons and neutrons be freed? 13.06.2012 Introduction to relativistic heay ion collisions Anna Eichhorn 3

Magnets of ALICE Solenoid Magnet houses the detectors Reused form the L3 experiment of LEP Magnetic field of 0.5 Tesla Total weight: 7800 tons Additional Dipole Magnet http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/827/enlarge 13.06.2012 Introduction to relativistic heay ion collisions Anna Eichhorn 4

Scheme of the Alice Experiment 13.06.2012 Introduction to relativistic heay ion collisions Anna Eichhorn 5

ITS Inner Tracking System Vertex Detector of Alice Consist of of 6 planes of high-resolution silicon detectors Silicon Pixel Detectors (SPD) Silicon Drift Detectors (SDD) Silicon Strip Detectors (SSD) Total Area of all detectors ~ 6,74 m 2 http://www.lhc-facts.ch/index.php?page=alice 13.06.2012 Introduction to relativistic heay ion collisions Anna Eichhorn 6

Scheme of the Alice Experiment 13.06.2012 Introduction to relativistic heay ion collisions Anna Eichhorn 7

TPC Time Projection Chamber One of the most important detectors of ALICE Gives the largest amount of DATA Used for: Particle identification, monenta, primary and secondary verteces Max. readout Frequency 200 Hz 13.06.2012 Introduction to relativistic heay ion collisions Anna Eichhorn 8 http://www.lhc-facts.ch/index.php?page=alice

Scheme of the Alice Experiment 13.06.2012 Introduction to relativistic heay ion collisions Anna Eichhorn 9

TRD Transition Radiation Detector Transistion Radiation produced by rel. Charged particles by crossing many interfaces of two media with different dielectric constant Consists of 540 detector modules Active area of 736 m² - 1.12 mio. channels Chambers filled with a gasmixture of 85% Xe and 15% CO2 13.06.2012 Introduction to relativistic heay ion collisions Anna Eichhorn 10

Scheme of the Alice Experiment 13.06.2012 Introduction to relativistic heay ion collisions Anna Eichhorn 11

TOF Time-of-flight detector Identification of charged particles with a momenta between 0.5 GeV/c and 2.5 GeV/c Cylindrical shape with 6 layers Time resolution ~ 150 ps Diameter ~ 4 m 1.4 mio channels 13.06.2012 Introduction to relativistic heay ion collisions Anna Eichhorn 12 http://www.bo.infn.it/alice-tof-offline/intro.html

Scheme of the Alice Experiment 13.06.2012 Introduction to relativistic heay ion collisions Anna Eichhorn 13

HMPID High Momentum Particle Identification Detector RICH Detector consisting of 7 modules Identification of particles with momenta between 1 GeV/C to 5 GeV/c Pions, Kaons, Protons,... For particle identification the velocity can be determined from the opening angle of the Cerenkov radiation http://www.lhc-facts.ch/index.php?page=alice 13.06.2012 Introduction to relativistic heay ion collisions Anna Eichhorn 14

Scheme of the Alice Experiment 13.06.2012 Introduction to relativistic heay ion collisions Anna Eichhorn 15

EMCAL Electromagnetic Calorimeter Consists out of electromagnetic calorimeters build from Pb-scintillators Used to study the jet quenching (interaction of energetic partons with dense matter) 13.06.2012 Introduction to relativistic heay ion collisions Anna Eichhorn 16 https://trac.cc.jyu.fi/projects/alice/wiki/emcal

Scheme of the Alice Experiment 13.06.2012 Introduction to relativistic heay ion collisions Anna Eichhorn 17

PHOS Photon Spectrometer Used for the detection of high energetic photons Consists of 3584 Lead- Tungston-crystals (scintillators) It is placed on the lower part of the experiment at a radius of 4.6 m It has a area of ~ 8 m 2 13.06.2012 Introduction to relativistic heay ion collisions Anna Eichhorn 18

Scheme of the Alice Experiment 13.06.2012 Introduction to relativistic heay ion collisions Anna Eichhorn 19

Muon spectrometer Measures the muons on in 10 planes of cathode pad tracking chambers, located at 5 and 14m Consists of different parts: Dipole 0.7 T Passive absorber system 13.06.2012 Introduction to relativistic heay ion collisions Anna Eichhorn 20

Scheme of the Alice Experiment 13.06.2012 Introduction to relativistic heay ion collisions Anna Eichhorn 21

PMD Photon Multiplicity Detector Forward detector on the opposite site of the muon arm Determines the number and the angle distribution of the photons produced during the collisions 13.06.2012 Introduction to relativistic heay ion collisions Anna Eichhorn 22 http://www.lhc-facts.ch/index.php?page=alice

Scheme of the Alice Experiment 13.06.2012 Introduction to relativistic heay ion collisions Anna Eichhorn 23

ZDC Zero Degree Calorimeter Used to determine the centrality of an event Placed 115 m away from the interaction point on both sides of the beamline Made by a stack of heavy metal plates http://www.lhc-facts.ch/index.php?page=alice 13.06.2012 Introduction to relativistic heay ion collisions Anna Eichhorn 24

Thank you for your attention! Sources: The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC The story of ALICE: Building the dedicated heavy ion detector at LHC Particle Identification in the ALICE Experiment ALICE soft physics summary aliceinfo.cern.ch aliweb.cern.ch 13.06.2012 Introduction to relativistic heay ion collisions Anna Eichhorn 25

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