Quiz 1. What does porifera mean? 2. Class Hexactinellida's skeletal structure is made out of what material? 3. Characterized as large openings where water comes out 4. Cells responsible for the circulating of water inside the organism. 5. Give two ways in which Porifera reproduce asexually. Bonus: What is the scientific name of the ping pong tree sponge?
Bilateria Radiata Parazoa no true tissues Eumetazoa Multicellularity
Phylum Porifera The Hole-y Sponges Xestospongia (red barrel sponge) tube sponges branching sponge pore bearers With tiny openings all over their bodies ~9,000 extant spp., mostly marine
BODY PLAN Indonesian sponge Acanthella (elephant ear sponge) Asymmetrical Euplectella (Venus flower basket)
BODY PLAN large, cylindrical H 2 O pump Body wall around spongocoel Body wall = 2 layers of cells + gelatinous mesohyl Spongocoel = large central cavity Water flow: pores spongocoel osculum
BODY PLAN Simple body skeleton Spicules Spike-shaped structure Made of CaCO 3 or SiO 2 Used to classify sponges
BODY PLAN Cellular level of organization w/ few specialized cells (no true tissues) Choanocytes/collar cells w/ flagella that move steady current of H 2 O Similar to choanoflagellates (protozoans)
BODY PLAN Porocytes Form pores throughout the body wall Amoebocytes: migrate through the mesohyl Make spicules Digest food Transport food throughout the sponge Transport sperm to egg
FEEDING Filter feeders/suspension feeders Filter plankton from water Intracellular digestion Choanocytes trap food particles Choanocytes digest food/pass it to amoebocytes Amoebocytes digest food/transport food throughout sponge
RESPIRATION, CIRCULATION, EXCRETION Relies on H 2 O current w/in spongocoel Diffusion O 2 : H 2 O cells CO 2 & wastes: cells H 2 O
REPRODUCTION Asexual Budding + regeneration Gemmules: packets of several cell types Can survive harsh conditions
REPRODUCTION Sexual Hermaphroditic: amoebocytes produce both sperm and egg cells Cross-fertilization: sperm and egg produced at different times Internal fertilization: eggs fertilized inside sponge s body Sperm+egg zygote free-swimming, flagellated larva
Phylum Porifera Class Hexactinellida Glass Sponges Staurocalyptus Spicules made of SiO 2
Phylum Porifera Class Calcarea Calcareous Sponges Clathrina Spicules made of CaCO 3
Phylum Porifera Class Demospongiae Demosponges Petrosia Microciona Pseudoceratina With spongin fibers; some with SiO 2 spicules
Image Sources Animalia phylogenetic tree http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/zoology/animalclassification/polygenetic/phylogenet ictree/phylogenetictree.htm red barrel sponge, tube sponge, branching sponge, Indonesian sponge, spicules http://www.pbs.org/kcet/shapeoflife/animals/porifera.html elephant ear sponge - http://oceanandair.coas.oregonstate.edu/images/userimages/studentsinthefield/elephantear_23 9x367.jpg Venus flower basket - http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~nhi708/treasure/venus/venus.gif sponge anatomy - http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/33-03-spongeanatomy-l.gif spicules - http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgnov02/needles5002.jpg choanoflagellates - http://monado.files.wordpress.com/2008/03/choanoflagellate.jpg, http://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/ec&ev_distance_learning/multicelled/choanoflagellate.jpg gemmules - http://www.eeob.iastate.edu/faculty/drewesc/htdocs/gemmule-hatch.jpg sponges - http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/resources/david_behrens/875334.rsdscn1329.jpg/vie w.html Staurocalyptus, Microciona - http://tolweb.org/porifera/ calcareous sponges - http://coris.noaa.gov/glossary/calcarea_186.jpg, http://students.ncwc.edu/bio101/invertebrates/wewokella.gif demosponges - http://www.museum.wa.gov.au/dampier/explore_sponge_demosponge.asp